新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (2): 269-278.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.002
• 作物遗传育种·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇 下一篇
卡地力亚·阿不都克力木1(), 张巨松1(
), 陈振1, 贺宏伟1, 崔建平2, 林涛2, 郭仁松2
收稿日期:
2021-07-08
出版日期:
2022-02-20
发布日期:
2022-03-22
通信作者:
张巨松( 1963-),男,江苏江都人,教授,博士,硕/博士生导师,研究方向为棉花高产栽培与生理,(E-mail) xjndzjs@163.com作者简介:
卡地力亚·阿不都克力木( 1994- ),女,新疆人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花高产栽培,(E-mail) 1677681912@qq.com
基金资助:
Kadliya Abudukelimu1(), ZHANG Jusong1(
), CHEN Zhen1, HE Hongwei1, CUI Jianping2, LIN Tao2, GUO Rensong2
Received:
2021-07-08
Published:
2022-02-20
Online:
2022-03-22
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】 研究1膜3行条件下氮肥配比及种植株距对棉花生长发育及产量的影响并选出最优组合。【方法】 以新陆中 88 号为供试品种,采用裂区试验设计,主区为3种氮肥追施策略,副区为10、8、6 cm 3个株距。分析不同处理对棉花生长发育、棉铃时空分布、蕾铃脱落率及产量与纤维品质的影响。【结果】 氮肥均施的处理N2铃数多,铃数比N1、N3高8.7% ~23.3%、8.82% ~36.5%,其棉铃时空分布更理想,蕾铃脱落率低从而增加产量,且N2处理纤维品质显著优于其他2个处理。综合收获株数及单株结铃数等产量构成因素可得,氮肥均施处理N2及株距8 cm(D2)的处理N2D2皮棉产量最高,为3 025.65 kg/hm2。【结论】 在1膜3行模式下,氮肥均施及株距8 cm的处理N2D2能取得高产,适合在生产中推广应用。
中图分类号:
卡地力亚·阿不都克力木, 张巨松, 陈振, 贺宏伟, 崔建平, 林涛, 郭仁松. 1膜3行下株距与氮肥对机采棉生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(2): 269-278.
Kadliya Abudukelimu, ZHANG Jusong, CHEN Zhen, HE Hongwei, CUI Jianping, LIN Tao, GUO Rensong. Effects of Plant Spacing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on the Growth and Yield of Machine-Picked Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(2): 269-278.
处理 Process | 基肥 Base Fertilizer | 各时期追肥用量(日/月)Topdressing dosage in eachperiod(D/M) | 总量 Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1/7 | 10/7 | 17/7 | 24/7 | 31/7 | 7/8 | 14/8 | 24/8 | |||
N1 | 64 | 0 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 32 | 64 | 48 | 32 | 320 |
N2 | 64 | 16 | 32 | 48 | 64 | 32 | 32 | 16 | 16 | 320 |
N3 | 64 | 48 | 48 | 32 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 320 |
表1 施肥方案
Table 1 Fertilization Program(kg/hm2)
处理 Process | 基肥 Base Fertilizer | 各时期追肥用量(日/月)Topdressing dosage in eachperiod(D/M) | 总量 Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1/7 | 10/7 | 17/7 | 24/7 | 31/7 | 7/8 | 14/8 | 24/8 | |||
N1 | 64 | 0 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 32 | 64 | 48 | 32 | 320 |
N2 | 64 | 16 | 32 | 48 | 64 | 32 | 32 | 16 | 16 | 320 |
N3 | 64 | 48 | 48 | 32 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 320 |
氮肥 Nitro gen | 株距 Plant Spacing | 出苗 Emer gency (D/M) | 现蕾 Full Squa ringy (D/M) | 开花 Flowe ring (D/M) | 盛铃 Full boll (D/M) | 见絮 Boll Opening (D/M) | 苗期 Seedling Stage (d) | 蕾期 Bud Stage (d) | 花铃期 Flowering and Boll- Setting Stage (d) | 生育期 Growth Stage (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 21/4 | 5/6 | 21/6 | 23/7 | 7/9 | 45 | 16 | 74 | 135 | |
N1 | D2 | 21/4 | 5/6 | 22/6 | 25/7 | 9/9 | 45 | 17 | 78 | 140 |
D3 | 21/4 | 6/6 | 23/6 | 26/7 | 12/9 | 46 | 17 | 80 | 143 | |
D1 | 21/4 | 5/6 | 22/6 | 23/7 | 7/9 | 45 | 18 | 73 | 136 | |
N2 | D2 | 21/4 | 5/6 | 23/6 | 23/7 | 8/9 | 45 | 18 | 76 | 139 |
D3 | 21/4 | 6/6 | 24/6 | 24/7 | 9/9 | 46 | 19 | 77 | 142 | |
D1 | 21/4 | 5/6 | 23/6 | 18/7 | 5/9 | 45 | 18 | 70 | 133 | |
N3 | D2 | 21/4 | 5/6 | 24/6 | 19/7 | 6/9 | 45 | 19 | 72 | 136 |
D3 | 21/4 | 6/6 | 24/6 | 20/7 | 7/9 | 46 | 19 | 73 | 139 |
表2 不同处理下棉花生育进程
Table 2 Effect of Different planting modes on Cotton Growth Process
氮肥 Nitro gen | 株距 Plant Spacing | 出苗 Emer gency (D/M) | 现蕾 Full Squa ringy (D/M) | 开花 Flowe ring (D/M) | 盛铃 Full boll (D/M) | 见絮 Boll Opening (D/M) | 苗期 Seedling Stage (d) | 蕾期 Bud Stage (d) | 花铃期 Flowering and Boll- Setting Stage (d) | 生育期 Growth Stage (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 21/4 | 5/6 | 21/6 | 23/7 | 7/9 | 45 | 16 | 74 | 135 | |
N1 | D2 | 21/4 | 5/6 | 22/6 | 25/7 | 9/9 | 45 | 17 | 78 | 140 |
D3 | 21/4 | 6/6 | 23/6 | 26/7 | 12/9 | 46 | 17 | 80 | 143 | |
D1 | 21/4 | 5/6 | 22/6 | 23/7 | 7/9 | 45 | 18 | 73 | 136 | |
N2 | D2 | 21/4 | 5/6 | 23/6 | 23/7 | 8/9 | 45 | 18 | 76 | 139 |
D3 | 21/4 | 6/6 | 24/6 | 24/7 | 9/9 | 46 | 19 | 77 | 142 | |
D1 | 21/4 | 5/6 | 23/6 | 18/7 | 5/9 | 45 | 18 | 70 | 133 | |
N3 | D2 | 21/4 | 5/6 | 24/6 | 19/7 | 6/9 | 45 | 19 | 72 | 136 |
D3 | 21/4 | 6/6 | 24/6 | 20/7 | 7/9 | 46 | 19 | 73 | 139 |
氮肥 Nitrogen | 株距 Plant spacing | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 叶片数 Leaf number (片) | 果枝数 Number fruit branch (台) | 茎粗 Stem thick (mm) | 果枝始节高 Fruiting height of cotton (个) | 铃数 Boll number (个) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 82.2±3.45b | 12.8±0.84b | 9.1±0.65bc | 9.90±0.24a | 21.3±1.24c | 8.2±0.45b | |
N1 | D2 | 80.1±2.41c | 12.1±0.81bc | 8.9±0.62c | 9.4±0.21b | 20.7±1.31d | 7.8±0.41bc |
D3 | 78.6±2.35c | 11.4±0.75c | 8.7±0.60c | 8.7±0.19c | 20.4±1.28d | 6.8±0.36c | |
D1 | 83±2.74b | 13.6±0.89a | 9.7±0.74a | 9.4±0.22b | 22.7±1.41b | 11.2±0.52a | |
N2 | D2 | 81.3±2.34bc | 13.4±0.87a | 9.5±0.84a | 9.2±0.26b | 21.2±1.27c | 9.4±0.37ab |
D3 | 75.6±1.11d | 12.2±0.69c | 9.2±0.75b | 8.7±0.34c | 20.7±1.35d | 7.4±0.31bc | |
D1 | 85.6±2.84a | 13.8±0.94a | 9.3±0.89b | 10.3±0.38a | 24.2±1.52a | 10.3±0.65a | |
N3 | D2 | 83.8±1.41b | 13.6±0.91a | 9.1±0.65b | 9.2±0.41ab | 23.3±1.24a | 8.4±0.52b |
D3 | 81.7±2.74bc | 13±0.85b | 9.0±0.45bc | 8.9±0.27c | 23.1±1.19ab | 6.0±0.39c |
表3 不同处理主要农艺性状比较
Table 3 Comparison of main agronomic traits in different treatments
氮肥 Nitrogen | 株距 Plant spacing | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 叶片数 Leaf number (片) | 果枝数 Number fruit branch (台) | 茎粗 Stem thick (mm) | 果枝始节高 Fruiting height of cotton (个) | 铃数 Boll number (个) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 82.2±3.45b | 12.8±0.84b | 9.1±0.65bc | 9.90±0.24a | 21.3±1.24c | 8.2±0.45b | |
N1 | D2 | 80.1±2.41c | 12.1±0.81bc | 8.9±0.62c | 9.4±0.21b | 20.7±1.31d | 7.8±0.41bc |
D3 | 78.6±2.35c | 11.4±0.75c | 8.7±0.60c | 8.7±0.19c | 20.4±1.28d | 6.8±0.36c | |
D1 | 83±2.74b | 13.6±0.89a | 9.7±0.74a | 9.4±0.22b | 22.7±1.41b | 11.2±0.52a | |
N2 | D2 | 81.3±2.34bc | 13.4±0.87a | 9.5±0.84a | 9.2±0.26b | 21.2±1.27c | 9.4±0.37ab |
D3 | 75.6±1.11d | 12.2±0.69c | 9.2±0.75b | 8.7±0.34c | 20.7±1.35d | 7.4±0.31bc | |
D1 | 85.6±2.84a | 13.8±0.94a | 9.3±0.89b | 10.3±0.38a | 24.2±1.52a | 10.3±0.65a | |
N3 | D2 | 83.8±1.41b | 13.6±0.91a | 9.1±0.65b | 9.2±0.41ab | 23.3±1.24a | 8.4±0.52b |
D3 | 81.7±2.74bc | 13±0.85b | 9.0±0.45bc | 8.9±0.27c | 23.1±1.19ab | 6.0±0.39c |
氮肥 Nitrogen | 株距 Plant Spacing | 纵向Longitudinal | 纵向Longitudinal | 单株平均 Average per plant (个) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
下部 Under par (个) | 中部 Middle par (个) | 上部 Upper par (个) | 内围 Inner (个) | 外围 Periphery (个) | |||
D1 | 3.67 | 3.00 | 3.33 | 7.67 | 1.67 | 8.33 | |
N1 | D2 | 3.67 | 2.00 | 2.33 | 6.67 | 1.00 | 7.67 |
D3 | 3.00 | 1.33 | 1.00 | 4.07 | 0.93 | 5.00 | |
D1 | 4.33 | 3.33 | 1.67 | 7.67 | 1.67 | 9.33 | |
N2 | D2 | 5..00 | 1.33 | 1.33 | 6.00 | 0.67 | 6.67 |
D3 | 4.00 | 2.33 | 1.27 | 6.00 | 1.33 | 7.33 | |
D1 | 4.00 | 3.33 | 1.67 | 7.00 | 2.00 | 9.00 | |
N3 | D2 | 4.33 | 1.67 | 1.33 | 6.00 | 1.33 | 7.33 |
D3 | 3.54 | 1.20 | 1.33 | 5.33 | 0.74 | 6.07 |
表4 不同处理下棉铃的横纵向空间分布
Table 4 Horizontal and vertical spatial distribution of cotton bolls under different treatments
氮肥 Nitrogen | 株距 Plant Spacing | 纵向Longitudinal | 纵向Longitudinal | 单株平均 Average per plant (个) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
下部 Under par (个) | 中部 Middle par (个) | 上部 Upper par (个) | 内围 Inner (个) | 外围 Periphery (个) | |||
D1 | 3.67 | 3.00 | 3.33 | 7.67 | 1.67 | 8.33 | |
N1 | D2 | 3.67 | 2.00 | 2.33 | 6.67 | 1.00 | 7.67 |
D3 | 3.00 | 1.33 | 1.00 | 4.07 | 0.93 | 5.00 | |
D1 | 4.33 | 3.33 | 1.67 | 7.67 | 1.67 | 9.33 | |
N2 | D2 | 5..00 | 1.33 | 1.33 | 6.00 | 0.67 | 6.67 |
D3 | 4.00 | 2.33 | 1.27 | 6.00 | 1.33 | 7.33 | |
D1 | 4.00 | 3.33 | 1.67 | 7.00 | 2.00 | 9.00 | |
N3 | D2 | 4.33 | 1.67 | 1.33 | 6.00 | 1.33 | 7.33 |
D3 | 3.54 | 1.20 | 1.33 | 5.33 | 0.74 | 6.07 |
氮肥 Nitro gen | 株距 Plant Spa cing | 收获株数 Plant Number (104株/hm2) | 单株结铃数 Boll number per plant | 单铃重 Boll weight (g) | 衣分 Lint percentage (%) | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2) | 皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 12.1±0.58c | 6.98±0.48c | 5.6±0.23ab | 46.23±0.72a | 4 729.64±367.54d | 2 185.09±132.34d | |
N1 | D2 | 15.5±0.58b | 6.35±0.43cd | 5.6±0.37ab | 45.42±0.56ab | 5 511.80±332.44c | 2 502.30±97.34c |
D3 | 20.8±0.65a | 5.71±0.38d | 5.5±0.19ab | 45.21±0.65ab | 6 132.24±654.21b | 2 771.77±198.23b | |
D1 | 11.8±0.58c | 8.20±0.51a | 5.9±0.32a | 46.97±0.91a | 5 708.84±421.54bc | 2 677.45±176.54b | |
N2 | D2 | 15.1±0.62b | 7.11±0.47b | 6.1±0.34a | 46.23±0.36a | 6 549.02±312.65a | 3 025.65±215.67a |
D3 | 20.4±0.75a | 5.77±0.43d | 5.6±0.43ab | 45.72±0.98ab | 6 591.65±454.72a | 3 012.38±234.45a | |
D1 | 11.9±0.58c | 7.51±0.53b | 5.9±0.29a | 45.84±0.68ab | 5 272.71±265.21d | 2 414.90±198.34c | |
N3 | D2 | 15.3±0.75b | 6.89±0.46c | 5.9±0.34a | 45.52±0.72ab | 6 219.60±433.32b | 2 829.92±98.32b |
D3 | 20.5±0.78a | 5.35±0.46d | 5.6±0.32ab | 45.21±0.76ab | 6 141.80±354.43b | 2 776.09±154.23b |
表5 不同处理下棉花产量及产量构成因素变化
Table 5 Cotton yield and yield components under different treatmentsing
氮肥 Nitro gen | 株距 Plant Spa cing | 收获株数 Plant Number (104株/hm2) | 单株结铃数 Boll number per plant | 单铃重 Boll weight (g) | 衣分 Lint percentage (%) | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2) | 皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 12.1±0.58c | 6.98±0.48c | 5.6±0.23ab | 46.23±0.72a | 4 729.64±367.54d | 2 185.09±132.34d | |
N1 | D2 | 15.5±0.58b | 6.35±0.43cd | 5.6±0.37ab | 45.42±0.56ab | 5 511.80±332.44c | 2 502.30±97.34c |
D3 | 20.8±0.65a | 5.71±0.38d | 5.5±0.19ab | 45.21±0.65ab | 6 132.24±654.21b | 2 771.77±198.23b | |
D1 | 11.8±0.58c | 8.20±0.51a | 5.9±0.32a | 46.97±0.91a | 5 708.84±421.54bc | 2 677.45±176.54b | |
N2 | D2 | 15.1±0.62b | 7.11±0.47b | 6.1±0.34a | 46.23±0.36a | 6 549.02±312.65a | 3 025.65±215.67a |
D3 | 20.4±0.75a | 5.77±0.43d | 5.6±0.43ab | 45.72±0.98ab | 6 591.65±454.72a | 3 012.38±234.45a | |
D1 | 11.9±0.58c | 7.51±0.53b | 5.9±0.29a | 45.84±0.68ab | 5 272.71±265.21d | 2 414.90±198.34c | |
N3 | D2 | 15.3±0.75b | 6.89±0.46c | 5.9±0.34a | 45.52±0.72ab | 6 219.60±433.32b | 2 829.92±98.32b |
D3 | 20.5±0.78a | 5.35±0.46d | 5.6±0.32ab | 45.21±0.76ab | 6 141.80±354.43b | 2 776.09±154.23b |
氮肥 Nitro gen | 株距 Plant Spa cing | 纤维长度 Fiber length (mm) | 整齐度指数 Uniformity index (% ) | 断裂比强度 Breaking tenacity (CN/tex) | 纤维指数 Fiber index (%) | 成熟度 Maturity | 马克隆值 Micronaire |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 29.82±0.21bc | 85.86 ±0.43a | 30.41±0.53ab | 5.92±0.13c | 0.83±0.02a | 4.85±0.12b | |
N1 | D2 | 29.74 ±0.13bc | 85.47 ±0.32ab | 28.82 ±0.51b | 5.91±0.08c | 0.84±0.01a | 4.35±0.013c |
D3 | 29.62±0.23c | 85.74±0.41a | 26.81 ±0.27c | 6.02±0.21b | 0.82 ±0.01ab | 4.33±0.16c | |
D1 | 31.33±0.27a | 86.23±0.23a | 30.12±0.47ab | 6.43±0.10ab | 0.85±0.02a | 5.17±0.18a | |
N2 | D2 | 31.02±0.12a | 85.92±0.37a | 29.25±0.53b | 6.25±0.11b | 0.85±0.02a | 5.13±0.21ab |
D3 | 31.15±0.16a | 85.83±0.16a | 27.93±0.37c | 5.74±0.12c | 0.83 ±0.03a | 4.80±0.09b | |
D1 | 30.04±0.25b | 85.94 ±0.36a | 31.23±0.55a | 6.57±0.09a | 0.86±0.02a | 5.35±0.16a | |
N3 | D2 | 30.14±0.23b | 85.73±0.15a | 30.33±0.48ab | 6.42±0.11a | 0.85±0.03a | 5.23±0.17a |
D3 | 30.07±0.18b | 85.61±0.25a | 31.04±0.32a | 6.08±0.15b | 0.85±0.02a | 5.07±0.08b |
表6 不同处理下棉花的纤维品质变化
Table 6 The changes of fiber quality of cotton under differeneatmentsing
氮肥 Nitro gen | 株距 Plant Spa cing | 纤维长度 Fiber length (mm) | 整齐度指数 Uniformity index (% ) | 断裂比强度 Breaking tenacity (CN/tex) | 纤维指数 Fiber index (%) | 成熟度 Maturity | 马克隆值 Micronaire |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 29.82±0.21bc | 85.86 ±0.43a | 30.41±0.53ab | 5.92±0.13c | 0.83±0.02a | 4.85±0.12b | |
N1 | D2 | 29.74 ±0.13bc | 85.47 ±0.32ab | 28.82 ±0.51b | 5.91±0.08c | 0.84±0.01a | 4.35±0.013c |
D3 | 29.62±0.23c | 85.74±0.41a | 26.81 ±0.27c | 6.02±0.21b | 0.82 ±0.01ab | 4.33±0.16c | |
D1 | 31.33±0.27a | 86.23±0.23a | 30.12±0.47ab | 6.43±0.10ab | 0.85±0.02a | 5.17±0.18a | |
N2 | D2 | 31.02±0.12a | 85.92±0.37a | 29.25±0.53b | 6.25±0.11b | 0.85±0.02a | 5.13±0.21ab |
D3 | 31.15±0.16a | 85.83±0.16a | 27.93±0.37c | 5.74±0.12c | 0.83 ±0.03a | 4.80±0.09b | |
D1 | 30.04±0.25b | 85.94 ±0.36a | 31.23±0.55a | 6.57±0.09a | 0.86±0.02a | 5.35±0.16a | |
N3 | D2 | 30.14±0.23b | 85.73±0.15a | 30.33±0.48ab | 6.42±0.11a | 0.85±0.03a | 5.23±0.17a |
D3 | 30.07±0.18b | 85.61±0.25a | 31.04±0.32a | 6.08±0.15b | 0.85±0.02a | 5.07±0.08b |
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