水氮调配对等行距机采棉土壤、叶片水分及棉铃分布的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.001

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (1): 1-10.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.001

• 作物遗传育种·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇下一篇

水氮调配对等行距机采棉土壤、叶片水分及棉铃分布的影响

贺宏伟¹(), 张巨松¹(), 陈振¹, 卡地力亚·阿不都克力木¹, 彭增莹¹, 刘群¹, 崔建平², 林涛², 郭仁松²

1.新疆农业大学农学院/教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2021-01-13 出版日期:2022-01-20 发布日期:2022-02-18
通信作者: 张巨松( 1963-),男,江苏江都人,教授,博士,硕/博士生导师,研究方向为棉花高产栽培与生理,( E-mail) xjndzjs@163.com
作者简介:贺宏伟 ( 1994-),男,山西吕梁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花高产栽培,( E-mail) 1351733226@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0101605)(2017YFD0101605);自治区重点研发计划(2016B01001-2)(2016B01001-2)

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Adjustment on the Distribution of Soil, Leaf Moisture and Bolls of Cotton Harvested with Equal Row Spacing

HE Hongwei¹(), ZHANG Jusong¹(), CHEN Zhen¹, Kadiliya Abudukelimu¹, PENG Zengying¹, LIU Qun¹, CUI Jianping², LIN Tao², GUO Rensong²

1. Cotton Engineering Research Center,Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China
2. Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Economic Crops Research Institute, Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2021-01-13 Published:2022-01-20 Online:2022-02-18
Supported by:
National key R&D Program Project(2017YFD0101605);Key R & D Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2016B01001-2)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究适合等行距机采棉生长的最优水氮投入。【方法】以新陆中88号为供试材料,总滴灌量3 800 m³/hm²,总施氮量320 kg/hm²,设置3种灌水方式W₁、W₂、W₃,3种施肥方式N₁、N₂、N₃,分析土壤含水率、叶片含水率、棉铃时空分布、农艺性状、产量性状。【结果】W₂、N₂灌水施肥方式下,土壤含水率相对稳定,更好地给植株提供所需的营养物质。且棉花叶片保持功能的时间较长;W₂,N₂灌水施肥方式下,棉株成铃数较多,且呈筒状分布,更适宜机械采收;W₂,N₂灌水施肥方式下,植株获得的单铃重和单株结铃数均达到最高,最高产量为7 070.84 kg/hm²。【结论】W₂、N₂灌水施肥方式为最优水氮投入。

关键词: 机采棉; 土壤含水率; 叶片含水率; 棉铃时空分布; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To seek the optimal water and nitrogen input suitable for the growth of cotton harvested by equal row spacing machine. 【Methods】 Under the condition of total drip irrigation volume of 3,800m³/hm² and total nitrogen application rate of 320 kg/hm², Xinluzhong 88 was taken as the test material, and 3 irrigation methods W₁, W₂, W₃, and 3 fertilization methods N₁, N₂, N₃ were set to study soil moisture content, leaf moisture content, spatiotemporal distribution of cotton bolls, agronomic traits, and yield traits, etc. 【Results】 Under W₂ and N₂ irrigation and fertilization methods, the soil moisture content was relatively stable, thus providing the plants with the better required nutrients. In addition, cotton leaves maintain their function for a longer time; under W₂, N₂ irrigation and fertilization methods, cotton plants produced more bolls and were distributed in a tube shape, which was more suitable for mechanical harvesting; under W₂, N₂ irrigation and fertilization methods, the both of the boll weight and the number per plant reached the highest at 7,070.84 kg/hm². 【Conclusion】 W₂ and N₂ irrigation and fertilization methods are the optimal water and nitrogen input.

Key words: machine-picked cotton; soil moisture content; leaf moisture content; spatiotemporal distribution of cotton bolls; yield

中图分类号:

S562

贺宏伟, 张巨松, 陈振, 卡地力亚·阿不都克力木, 彭增莹, 刘群, 崔建平, 林涛, 郭仁松. 水氮调配对等行距机采棉土壤、叶片水分及棉铃分布的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(1): 1-10.

HE Hongwei, ZHANG Jusong, CHEN Zhen, Kadiliya Abudukelimu, PENG Zengying, LIU Qun, CUI Jianping, LIN Tao, GUO Rensong. Effects of Water and Nitrogen Adjustment on the Distribution of Soil, Leaf Moisture and Bolls of Cotton Harvested with Equal Row Spacing[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(1): 1-10.

图/表 8

图1 2019棉花生育期气温及降雨

Fig.1 Temperature and rainfall during the growth period of 2019 cotton

表1 灌水施肥量及时间(月/日)

Table 1 Irrigation and fertilization amount and time (M/D)

处理	基肥	6/20	7/1	7/10	7/17	7/24	7/31	8/7	8/14	8/24
Treatment	Base fertilizer	6/20	7/1	7/10	7/17	7/24	7/31	8/7	8/14	8/24
灌水量Irrigation quantity(m³/hm²)
W₁		380	380	285	285	570	570	570	570	190
W₂		380	380	427.5	427.5	570	570	427.5	427.5	190
W₃		380	380	570	570	570	570	285	285	190
施肥量Fertilizer application(kg/hm²)
N₁	64	0	32	16	16	48	48	48	48	0
N₂	64	0	32	32	32	48	48	32	32	0
N₃	64	0	32	48	48	48	48	16	16	0

图2 不同时期各处理土壤水分分布

Fig.2 The distribution of soil moisture in each treatment in different periods

图3 不同时期各处理果枝部位叶片含水率变化

Fig.3 Changes in leaf moisture content of fruit branches in different periods of each treatment

表2 不同水氮互作下机采棉农艺性状变化

Table 2 The effects of different water and nitrogen interactions on the agronomic characteristics of mechanically harvested cotton

处理 Treatment		株高 Plant height (cm)	始果枝高 Branch High envoy (cm)	倒三叶宽 Inverted three leaves wide (cm)	真叶数 True leaf number (片)	果枝数 Number Fruit branch (台)
W₁	N₁	75.5^f	19. ${7^{a}}^{b}$	10.9^f	10.0^f	7.0^c
	N₂	77. ${7^{e}}^{f}$	20.1^a	11.7^e	11. ${3^{d}}^{e}$	9. ${3^{a}}^{b}$
	N₃	78.0^e	20.1^a	12. ${1^{c}}^{d}^{e}$	11.0^e	8.7^bc
W₂	N₁	81. ${7^{c}}^{d}$	20.2^a	11. ${9^{d}}^{e}$	11.7^d	10. ${3^{a}}^{b}$
	M₂	83. ${0^{b}}^{c}$	20.6^a	12. ${3^{c}}^{d}$	12.3^c	11.0^a
	N₃	79. ${7^{d}}^{e}$	19. ${9^{a}}^{b}$	12. ${2^{c}}^{d}^{e}$	12. ${8^{a}}^{b}^{c}$	10. ${3^{a}}^{b}$
W₃	N₁	81. ${7^{c}}^{d}$	19. ${3^{a}}^{b}$	12. ${6^{b}}^{c}$	12. ${7^{b}}^{c}$	9. ${0^{a}}^{b}$
	N₂	85.7^a	20.5^a	13. ${0^{a}}^{b}$	13. ${0^{a}}^{b}$	10. ${0^{a}}^{b}$
	N₃	84. ${3^{a}}^{b}$	20.7^a	13.2^a	13.3^a	9. ${3^{a}}^{b}$

表2 不同水氮互作下机采棉农艺性状变化

Table 2 The effects of different water and nitrogen interactions on the agronomic characteristics of mechanically harvested cotton

处理 Treatment		株高 Plant height (cm)	始果枝高 Branch High envoy (cm)	倒三叶宽 Inverted three leaves wide (cm)	真叶数 True leaf number (片)	果枝数 Number Fruit branch (台)
W₁	N₁	75.5^f	19. ${7^{a}}^{b}$	10.9^f	10.0^f	7.0^c
	N₂	77. ${7^{e}}^{f}$	20.1^a	11.7^e	11. ${3^{d}}^{e}$	9. ${3^{a}}^{b}$
	N₃	78.0^e	20.1^a	12. ${1^{c}}^{d}^{e}$	11.0^e	8.7^bc
W₂	N₁	81. ${7^{c}}^{d}$	20.2^a	11. ${9^{d}}^{e}$	11.7^d	10. ${3^{a}}^{b}$
	M₂	83. ${0^{b}}^{c}$	20.6^a	12. ${3^{c}}^{d}$	12.3^c	11.0^a
	N₃	79. ${7^{d}}^{e}$	19. ${9^{a}}^{b}$	12. ${2^{c}}^{d}^{e}$	12. ${8^{a}}^{b}^{c}$	10. ${3^{a}}^{b}$
W₃	N₁	81. ${7^{c}}^{d}$	19. ${3^{a}}^{b}$	12. ${6^{b}}^{c}$	12. ${7^{b}}^{c}$	9. ${0^{a}}^{b}$
	N₂	85.7^a	20.5^a	13. ${0^{a}}^{b}$	13. ${0^{a}}^{b}$	10. ${0^{a}}^{b}$
	N₃	84. ${3^{a}}^{b}$	20.7^a	13.2^a	13.3^a	9. ${3^{a}}^{b}$

表3 不同处理“三桃”数及所占比例

Table 3 The number and proportion of "three peaches" in different treatments

处理 Treatment		伏前桃数 Fuzen peach number		伏桃数 Number of volts		秋桃数 Number of autumn peaches
处理 Treatment		数值 Value	比例 Proportion(%)	数值 Value	比例 Proportion(%)	数值 Value	比例 Proportion(%)
W₁	N₁	2.48±0.02^a	33.83^b	3.02±0.0 ${1^{d}}^{e}$	54.8 ${5^{d}}^{e}$	0.83±0.02^c	11.32^c
	N₂	2.33±0.02^a	34.88^b	3.32±0.02^d	49.70^e	1.03±0.02^b	15.42^b
	N₃	2.43±0.03^a	39.32^a	2.88±0.03^e	46.60^e	0.87±0.03^c	14.07^b
W₂	N₁	1.53±0.04^b	21.16^c	4.33±0.0 ${5^{c}}^{d}$	59.89^d	1.37±0.04^a	18.95^a
	N₂	1.12±0.02^c	14.09^d	5.78±0.02^a	72.70^a	1.05±0.02^b	13.21^b
	N₃	1.17±0.05^c	15.66^d	5.18±0.05^b	69.35^b	1.12±0.0 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	14.99^b
W₃	N₁	1.07±0.04^c	15.99^d	4.62±0.04^c	69.06^b	1.00±0.04^b	14.95^b
	N₂	1.20±0.03^c	17.1 ${7^{c}}^{d}$	4.57±0.04^c	65.38^c	1.22±0.0 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	17.4 ${5^{a}}^{b}$
	N₃	1.10±0.04^c	18.0 ${6^{c}}^{d}$	4.12±0.02^d	67.65^c	0.87±0.05^c	14.29^b

表3 不同处理“三桃”数及所占比例

Table 3 The number and proportion of "three peaches" in different treatments

处理 Treatment		伏前桃数 Fuzen peach number		伏桃数 Number of volts		秋桃数 Number of autumn peaches
处理 Treatment		数值 Value	比例 Proportion(%)	数值 Value	比例 Proportion(%)	数值 Value	比例 Proportion(%)
W₁	N₁	2.48±0.02^a	33.83^b	3.02±0.0 ${1^{d}}^{e}$	54.8 ${5^{d}}^{e}$	0.83±0.02^c	11.32^c
	N₂	2.33±0.02^a	34.88^b	3.32±0.02^d	49.70^e	1.03±0.02^b	15.42^b
	N₃	2.43±0.03^a	39.32^a	2.88±0.03^e	46.60^e	0.87±0.03^c	14.07^b
W₂	N₁	1.53±0.04^b	21.16^c	4.33±0.0 ${5^{c}}^{d}$	59.89^d	1.37±0.04^a	18.95^a
	N₂	1.12±0.02^c	14.09^d	5.78±0.02^a	72.70^a	1.05±0.02^b	13.21^b
	N₃	1.17±0.05^c	15.66^d	5.18±0.05^b	69.35^b	1.12±0.0 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	14.99^b
W₃	N₁	1.07±0.04^c	15.99^d	4.62±0.04^c	69.06^b	1.00±0.04^b	14.95^b
	N₂	1.20±0.03^c	17.1 ${7^{c}}^{d}$	4.57±0.04^c	65.38^c	1.22±0.0 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	17.4 ${5^{a}}^{b}$
	N₃	1.10±0.04^c	18.0 ${6^{c}}^{d}$	4.12±0.02^d	67.65^c	0.87±0.05^c	14.29^b

表4 各处理棉铃空间分布

Table 4 Spatial distribution of cotton bolls in each

处理Treament		上部铃Upper boll			中部铃Middle boll			下部铃Lower boll
处理Treament		外围铃 Boll closer to steam	内围铃 Boll from to steam	总铃数 Total number of bells	外围铃 Boll closer to steam	内围铃 Boll from to steam	总铃数 Total number of bells	外围铃 Boll closer to steam	内围铃 Boll from to steam	总铃数 Total number of bells
W₁	N₁	1.04^a	1.3 ${1^{b}}^{c}$	2.35^b	0.2 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	2.2 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	2.43^b	0.05^b	1.5^b	1.55^c
	N₂	0.82^b	1.63^b	2.85^a	0.3 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	2.53^a	2.87^a	0.02^b	1.34^b	1.36^c
	N₃	0.92^b	1.52^b	2.44^b	0.52^a	2.1 ${6^{a}}^{b}$	2.68^a	0.06^b	1.00^c	1.06^c
W₂	N₁	0.25^d	1.94^a	2.19^c	0.3 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	2.1 ${1^{a}}^{b}$	2.41^b	0.6 ${9^{a}}^{b}$	1.9 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	2.63^b
	N₂	0.20^d	2.02^a	2.22^c	0.42^a	2.1 ${8^{a}}^{b}$	2.6 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	1.05^a	2.08^a	3.13^b
	N₃	0.63^c	1.61^b	2.24^c	0.3 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	2.2 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	2.5 ${8^{a}}^{b}$	0.5 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	2.15^a	2.65^b
W₃	N₁	0.21^d	0.85^c	1.06^d	0.2 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	2.42^a	2.65^a	1.32^a	1.9 ${6^{a}}^{b}$	3.28^a
	N₂	0.24^d	0.84^c	1.08^d	0.12^b	2.42^a	2.5 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	1.25^a	2.12^a	3.37^a
	N₃	0.15^d	0.40^d	0.55^e	0.14^b	2.38^a	2.5 ${2^{a}}^{b}$	1.40^a	1.62^b	3.02^b

表4 各处理棉铃空间分布

Table 4 Spatial distribution of cotton bolls in each

处理Treament		上部铃Upper boll			中部铃Middle boll			下部铃Lower boll
处理Treament		外围铃 Boll closer to steam	内围铃 Boll from to steam	总铃数 Total number of bells	外围铃 Boll closer to steam	内围铃 Boll from to steam	总铃数 Total number of bells	外围铃 Boll closer to steam	内围铃 Boll from to steam	总铃数 Total number of bells
W₁	N₁	1.04^a	1.3 ${1^{b}}^{c}$	2.35^b	0.2 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	2.2 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	2.43^b	0.05^b	1.5^b	1.55^c
	N₂	0.82^b	1.63^b	2.85^a	0.3 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	2.53^a	2.87^a	0.02^b	1.34^b	1.36^c
	N₃	0.92^b	1.52^b	2.44^b	0.52^a	2.1 ${6^{a}}^{b}$	2.68^a	0.06^b	1.00^c	1.06^c
W₂	N₁	0.25^d	1.94^a	2.19^c	0.3 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	2.1 ${1^{a}}^{b}$	2.41^b	0.6 ${9^{a}}^{b}$	1.9 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	2.63^b
	N₂	0.20^d	2.02^a	2.22^c	0.42^a	2.1 ${8^{a}}^{b}$	2.6 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	1.05^a	2.08^a	3.13^b
	N₃	0.63^c	1.61^b	2.24^c	0.3 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	2.2 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	2.5 ${8^{a}}^{b}$	0.5 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	2.15^a	2.65^b
W₃	N₁	0.21^d	0.85^c	1.06^d	0.2 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	2.42^a	2.65^a	1.32^a	1.9 ${6^{a}}^{b}$	3.28^a
	N₂	0.24^d	0.84^c	1.08^d	0.12^b	2.42^a	2.5 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	1.25^a	2.12^a	3.37^a
	N₃	0.15^d	0.40^d	0.55^e	0.14^b	2.38^a	2.5 ${2^{a}}^{b}$	1.40^a	1.62^b	3.02^b

表5 不同水氮互作下棉花产量及产量构成因素变化

Table 5 The effects of different water and nitrogen interactions on cotton yield and yield components

处理 Treatment		单铃重 Boll weight (g)	单株结铃数 Boll number per plant (个)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)
W₁	N₁	5.55±0.0 ${5^{a}}^{b}$	6.33±0.13^d	46.23±0.52^a	5 481.83±76.35^d
	N₂	5.58±0.0 ${1^{a}}^{b}$	6.68±0.03^c	46.25±0.30^a	5 816.20±97.8 ${0^{b}}^{c}$
	N₃	5.67±0.01^a	6.18±0.0 ${3^{b}}^{c}$	45.24±0.0 ${1^{a}}^{b}$	5 467.64±86.55^d
W₂	N₁	5.41±0.28^b	7.23±0.29^b	46.13±0.45^a	6 103.30±124.40^b
	N₂	5.70±0.17^a	7.95±0.15^a	46.42±0.06^a	7 070.84±76.45^a
	N₃	5.65±0.21^a	7.47±0.22^b	46.81±0.89^a	6 585.64±168.1 ${5^{a}}^{b}$
W₃	N₁	5.43±0.25^b	6.69±0.30^c	46.74±0.44^a	5 668.33±93.45^c
	N₂	5.52±0.0 ${7^{a}}^{b}$	6.99±0.1 ${1^{b}}^{c}$	46.47±0.21^a	6 020.68±56.45^b
	N₃	5.54±0.4 ${2^{a}}^{b}$	6.09±0.45^d	46.58±0.25^a	5 264.47±87.80^e
P值	W	<0.001	0.001	0.75	<0.001
	N	0.36	0.001	0.23	<0.001
	W×N	<00.01	0.021	1.192	<0.001

表5 不同水氮互作下棉花产量及产量构成因素变化

Table 5 The effects of different water and nitrogen interactions on cotton yield and yield components

处理 Treatment		单铃重 Boll weight (g)	单株结铃数 Boll number per plant (个)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)
W₁	N₁	5.55±0.0 ${5^{a}}^{b}$	6.33±0.13^d	46.23±0.52^a	5 481.83±76.35^d
	N₂	5.58±0.0 ${1^{a}}^{b}$	6.68±0.03^c	46.25±0.30^a	5 816.20±97.8 ${0^{b}}^{c}$
	N₃	5.67±0.01^a	6.18±0.0 ${3^{b}}^{c}$	45.24±0.0 ${1^{a}}^{b}$	5 467.64±86.55^d
W₂	N₁	5.41±0.28^b	7.23±0.29^b	46.13±0.45^a	6 103.30±124.40^b
	N₂	5.70±0.17^a	7.95±0.15^a	46.42±0.06^a	7 070.84±76.45^a
	N₃	5.65±0.21^a	7.47±0.22^b	46.81±0.89^a	6 585.64±168.1 ${5^{a}}^{b}$
W₃	N₁	5.43±0.25^b	6.69±0.30^c	46.74±0.44^a	5 668.33±93.45^c
	N₂	5.52±0.0 ${7^{a}}^{b}$	6.99±0.1 ${1^{b}}^{c}$	46.47±0.21^a	6 020.68±56.45^b
	N₃	5.54±0.4 ${2^{a}}^{b}$	6.09±0.45^d	46.58±0.25^a	5 264.47±87.80^e
P值	W	<0.001	0.001	0.75	<0.001
	N	0.36	0.001	0.23	<0.001
	W×N	<00.01	0.021	1.192	<0.001

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水氮调配对等行距机采棉土壤、叶片水分及棉铃分布的影响

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Adjustment on the Distribution of Soil, Leaf Moisture and Bolls of Cotton Harvested with Equal Row Spacing

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