新疆霍城蝴蝶群落多样性

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的研究新疆霍城蝴蝶的群落结构,对霍城县5种不同生境进行蝴蝶群落组成与多样性分析。方法 2016~2017年5~8月采用样线法观测蝴蝶,α–多样性测度方法分析其物种丰富度指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数及科、属和种级分类下的多样性指数。结果共记录蝴蝶1 993只, 隶属于7科29属39种。粉蝶科个体数占比54.9%,是该地区的优势类群;绢蝶科、凤蝶科和弄蝶科是稀有类群。蝴蝶群落呈现季节性变化,蝶类种类和数量的高峰期出现在6和7月。通过不同生境蝴蝶群落多样性和相似度比较,5种生境类型的多样性指数变化趋势为山地森林>山地草原>农田>亚高山草甸>荒漠,山地草原和亚高山草甸的相似性系数较高,达到0.458,荒漠和亚高山草甸的相似性系数最低,为0.2。结论蝴蝶群落的多样性与生境类型密切相关,植物群落的组成、海拔高度、人为干扰程度和气候等因素对蝴蝶种类组成有较大的影响。

关键词: 蝴蝶; 多样性; 人为干扰

Abstract: Objective In order to explore species diversity of butterfly in five different habitats from Huocheng County .Method Butterfly monitoring was conducted with the line transect method from May to August in 2016 and 2017,and the diversity, evenness and dominance of the community on the levels of family, genus and species were studied by the method of α-diversity.Result The number of 1993 individuals were recorded, which belongs to 7 families, 29 genera and 39 species. Pieridae was the dominant family, which accounts for 54.9%; Parnassiidae、Papilionidae and Hesperiidae were regarded as the rare species. The species richness and quantity of the butterflies are different in different seasons, which reached their peaks in June and July. The diversity and similarity of butterfly communities in different habitats were compared, the diversity indices of butterfly in the typica habitats ranked in descending order of mountain forest > mountain steppe > cropland > subalpine meadow > desert. The largest similarity coefficient of the five different habitats was found between the mountain steppe and subalpine meadow (0.458) , the least was between desert and subalpine meadow (0.2) .Conclusion Our results indicated that butterfly diversity was closely related to the habitat type. At the same time, the factors, including the composition of the plant community, the altitude, the degree of human disturbance and the temperature do have a great influence on the diversity of the butterfly community.

Key words: butterfly; diversity; disturbance

中图分类号:

郭婕, 吴卫, 蒋玲玲, 胡红英. 新疆霍城蝴蝶群落多样性[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(3): 446-456.

GUO Jie, WU Wei, JIANG Ling-ling, HU Hong-ying. The community diversity of butterflies in Huocheng County, Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(3): 446-456.

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