新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (6): 1537-1544.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.06.026
葛慧1(), 郭增祥2, 赵万千3, 王惠珍1, 王盼1, 刘东1, 赵鑫1, 杜弢1()
收稿日期:
2021-10-11
出版日期:
2022-06-20
发布日期:
2022-07-07
通信作者:
杜弢
作者简介:
葛慧(1997-),女,甘肃人,硕士研究生.研究方向为中药资源开发与质量综合评价,(E-mail) 1125033818@qq.com
基金资助:
GE Hui1(), GUO Zengxiang2, ZHAO Wanqian3, WANG Huizhen1, WANG Pan1, LIU Dong1, ZHAO Xin1, DU Tao1()
Received:
2021-10-11
Online:
2022-06-20
Published:
2022-07-07
Correspondence author:
DU Tao
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】 比较研究当归熟地育苗试验及大田栽培试验,分析当归产区熟地育苗的适宜播期和播种量。【方法】 采用二因素随机区组设计,设置不同播期和播种量当归熟地育苗试验,测定当归种苗形态指标及产量,移栽后统计成活率、早期抽薹率、植株特征,采挖后测定药材产量及阿魏酸含量。【结果】 不同播期和播种量育成当归种苗在大小、产量及移栽后成活率、早期抽薹率、形态指标、药材产量及阿魏酸含量方面均有差异。第1、2播期所产当归种苗单根重在0.45~0.63 g,符合生产要求。第2播期5 kg/667m2的播种量下药材产量比同播期7 kg/667m2的高76.26%,且早期抽薹率为0。【结论】 熟地育苗应在6月下旬进行,播种量控制在5~6 kg/667m2,苗龄控制在110 d,可获得符合生产要求的当归种苗。
中图分类号:
葛慧, 郭增祥, 赵万千, 王惠珍, 王盼, 刘东, 赵鑫, 杜弢. 播期和播种量对当归熟地种苗及成药产量与质量影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(6): 1537-1544.
GE Hui, GUO Zengxiang, ZHAO Wanqian, WANG Huizhen, WANG Pan, LIU Dong, ZHAO Xin, DU Tao. Effects of Sowing Date and Sowing Rate on Yield and Quality of Angelica sinensis Seedlings and Medicines[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(6): 1537-1544.
地理信息 Geographic information | 2018年育苗地 The breeding ground in 2018 | 2019年种苗移栽地 Transplant seedlings into the ground in 2019 |
---|---|---|
经度 Altitude | E103°40'92″ | E103°40'92″ |
纬度 Latitude | N35°26'14″ | N35°26'14″ |
海拔 Altitude(m) | 2 430 | 2 430 |
土壤温度范围 Soil temperature range(℃) | 4.48~26.91 | 4.11~21.74 |
土壤平均温度 Mean soil temperature(℃) | 15.83 | 14.02 |
土壤湿度范围 Soil moisture range(%) | 19.57~30.46 | 6.35~37.65 |
土壤平均湿度 Mean soil moisture(%) | 20.25 | 19.74 |
表1 试验地基本信息
Table 1 Basic information about the test site
地理信息 Geographic information | 2018年育苗地 The breeding ground in 2018 | 2019年种苗移栽地 Transplant seedlings into the ground in 2019 |
---|---|---|
经度 Altitude | E103°40'92″ | E103°40'92″ |
纬度 Latitude | N35°26'14″ | N35°26'14″ |
海拔 Altitude(m) | 2 430 | 2 430 |
土壤温度范围 Soil temperature range(℃) | 4.48~26.91 | 4.11~21.74 |
土壤平均温度 Mean soil temperature(℃) | 15.83 | 14.02 |
土壤湿度范围 Soil moisture range(%) | 19.57~30.46 | 6.35~37.65 |
土壤平均湿度 Mean soil moisture(%) | 20.25 | 19.74 |
处理 Treatment | 全株重 Weight (g) | 单根重 Single weight (g) | 根长 Root length (cm) | 根粗 Root diameter (mm) | 侧根数 Lateral root (条) | 种苗产量 Yield of Seedlings (kg/667m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1B1 | 0.74±0.14aA | 0.63±0.09aA | 11.50±0.57abAB | 3.90±0.82aABCD | 0.5±0.50a | 49.98±20.34aA |
T1B2 | 0.66±0.10aA | 0.45±0.11bA | 12.11±0.30abAB | 3.65±0.57abcABCD | 0.1±0.23a | 60.19±21.86aA |
T1B3 | 0.61±0.02aA | 0.56±0.06abA | 11.54±0.13abAB | 3.74±0.32abABCD | 0.4±0.06a | 50.97±9.49aA |
T2B1 | 0.62±0.14aA | 0.52±0.13abA | 11.65±1.25abAB | 4.00±0.40aABC | 0.2±0.26a | 11.50±2.76bB |
T2B2 | 0.68±0.17aA | 0.51±0.09abA | 12.36±0.84aA | 4.06±0.09aAB | 0.2±0.23a | 11.37±4.31bB |
T2B3 | 0.76±0.19aA | 0.58±0.11abA | 12.22±1.04aA | 4.22±0.23aA | 0.4±0.64a | 12.97±4.02bB |
T3B1 | 0.29±0.04bB | 0.23±0.05cB | 11.27±0.33abcAB | 2.89±0.14dD | 0.3±0.46a | 2.02±1.50bB |
T3B2 | 0.30±0.07bB | 0.21±0.05cB | 10.13±0.75cB | 3.05±0.19bcdBCD | 0.3±0.42a | 1.88±1.81bB |
T3B3 | 0.30±0.01bB | 0.23±0.04cB | 10.76±0.48bcAB | 2.98±0.09cdCD | 0.1±0.17a | 2.73±1.54bB |
表2 不同播期和播种量下熟地育成当归苗形态指标及产量变化
Table 2 Effects of sowing date and sowing amount on morphological index and yield of A.sinensis seedlings grown in cultivated fields
处理 Treatment | 全株重 Weight (g) | 单根重 Single weight (g) | 根长 Root length (cm) | 根粗 Root diameter (mm) | 侧根数 Lateral root (条) | 种苗产量 Yield of Seedlings (kg/667m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1B1 | 0.74±0.14aA | 0.63±0.09aA | 11.50±0.57abAB | 3.90±0.82aABCD | 0.5±0.50a | 49.98±20.34aA |
T1B2 | 0.66±0.10aA | 0.45±0.11bA | 12.11±0.30abAB | 3.65±0.57abcABCD | 0.1±0.23a | 60.19±21.86aA |
T1B3 | 0.61±0.02aA | 0.56±0.06abA | 11.54±0.13abAB | 3.74±0.32abABCD | 0.4±0.06a | 50.97±9.49aA |
T2B1 | 0.62±0.14aA | 0.52±0.13abA | 11.65±1.25abAB | 4.00±0.40aABC | 0.2±0.26a | 11.50±2.76bB |
T2B2 | 0.68±0.17aA | 0.51±0.09abA | 12.36±0.84aA | 4.06±0.09aAB | 0.2±0.23a | 11.37±4.31bB |
T2B3 | 0.76±0.19aA | 0.58±0.11abA | 12.22±1.04aA | 4.22±0.23aA | 0.4±0.64a | 12.97±4.02bB |
T3B1 | 0.29±0.04bB | 0.23±0.05cB | 11.27±0.33abcAB | 2.89±0.14dD | 0.3±0.46a | 2.02±1.50bB |
T3B2 | 0.30±0.07bB | 0.21±0.05cB | 10.13±0.75cB | 3.05±0.19bcdBCD | 0.3±0.42a | 1.88±1.81bB |
T3B3 | 0.30±0.01bB | 0.23±0.04cB | 10.76±0.48bcAB | 2.98±0.09cdCD | 0.1±0.17a | 2.73±1.54bB |
图1 不同处理下当归苗移栽成活率比较 注:不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示不同处理间差异极显著(P<0.01),下同
Fig.1 Comparison of transplantrate of A.sinensis Note:Different lowercase letters indicate differencesamong different factorsat the 0.05 level.Different uppercase letters indicate significant differencesamong different factorsat the 0.01 level.The same as below
处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 株幅 Plant length (cm) | 叶片数 Leaf number (个) | 早期抽薹率 Earlier-bolting rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1B1 | 30.73±2.08abcA | 63.47±12.90a | 8.33±3.72a | 4.77±0.52aA |
T1B2 | 27.20±1.00bcA | 56.47±3.92a | 8.13±5.52a | 0.00±0.00cB |
T1B3 | 30.53±3.72abcA | 63.20±7.98a | 7.47±3.86a | 1.76±1.53bcAB |
T2B1 | 30.93±3.26abcA | 55.60±4.16a | 6.20±0.69a | 0.00±0.00cB |
T2B2 | 32.67±3.33abA | 54.73±7.05a | 6.00±2.50a | 3.74±1.76abA |
T2B3 | 25.93±4.47cA | 53.20±2.46a | 7.73±0.12a | 3.34±3.50abAB |
T3B1 | 26.00±3.34cA | 56.13±4.56a | 8.87±7.64a | 0.00±0.00cB |
T3B2 | 32.60±2.09abA | 62.40±3.29a | 7.87±2.76a | 0.00±0.00cB |
T3B3 | 34.07±3.38aA | 59.20±5.20a | 7.53±1.45a | 0.00±0.00cB |
表3 不同播期和播种量下熟地育成当归苗移栽后地上部生长及早期抽薹率变化
Table 3 Effects of sowing date and sowing amount on the growth and early-bolting rate of A.sinensis plantings after transplanting
处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 株幅 Plant length (cm) | 叶片数 Leaf number (个) | 早期抽薹率 Earlier-bolting rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1B1 | 30.73±2.08abcA | 63.47±12.90a | 8.33±3.72a | 4.77±0.52aA |
T1B2 | 27.20±1.00bcA | 56.47±3.92a | 8.13±5.52a | 0.00±0.00cB |
T1B3 | 30.53±3.72abcA | 63.20±7.98a | 7.47±3.86a | 1.76±1.53bcAB |
T2B1 | 30.93±3.26abcA | 55.60±4.16a | 6.20±0.69a | 0.00±0.00cB |
T2B2 | 32.67±3.33abA | 54.73±7.05a | 6.00±2.50a | 3.74±1.76abA |
T2B3 | 25.93±4.47cA | 53.20±2.46a | 7.73±0.12a | 3.34±3.50abAB |
T3B1 | 26.00±3.34cA | 56.13±4.56a | 8.87±7.64a | 0.00±0.00cB |
T3B2 | 32.60±2.09abA | 62.40±3.29a | 7.87±2.76a | 0.00±0.00cB |
T3B3 | 34.07±3.38aA | 59.20±5.20a | 7.53±1.45a | 0.00±0.00cB |
处理 Treatment | 单根重 Single weight (g) | 根长 Root length (cm) | 根粗 Root diameter (mm) | 侧根数 Lateral root number(条) | 产量 Yield (kg/667m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1B1 | 125.00±18.03aA | 27.45±3.50a | 29.51±1.66a | 8.07±1.03abA | 195.36±45.52bcAB |
T1B2 | 68.67±6.81dC | 27.20±2.12a | 27.81±5.84a | 6.82±0.55bA | 219.49±13.82abcAB |
T1B3 | 121.92±25.55aA | 26.45±0.63a | 30.58±5.27a | 9.80±1.64aA | 272.89±42.23aA |
T2B1 | 106.63±8.03abcAB | 25.39±0.52a | 27.42±0.66a | 8.82±1.96abA | 283.07±26.52aA |
T2B2 | 116.98±11.76abAB | 27.19±0.86a | 29.75±2.18a | 8.68±1.24abA | 280.19±24.17aA |
T2B3 | 86.80±6.16cdBC | 25.12±1.54a | 29.03±1.90a | 8.82±0.71abA | 160.50±36.37cB |
T3B1 | 93.50±7.47bcABC | 26.70±1.30a | 31.55±3.04a | 9.15±1.82abA | 193.42±13.69bcAB |
T3B2 | 94.22±7.38bcABC | 27.90±0.95a | 28.74±2.02a | 8.22±1.75abA | 245.10±25.17abAB |
T3B3 | 104.13±9.67abcB | 28.17±2.23a | 28.20±0.33a | 7.07±0.31bA | 227.99±17.38abAB |
表4 不同播期和播种量下熟地育成当归种苗移栽后地下部变化
Table 4 Effects of sowing date and sowing amount on the underground part of A.sinensis seedlings from the cultivated fields
处理 Treatment | 单根重 Single weight (g) | 根长 Root length (cm) | 根粗 Root diameter (mm) | 侧根数 Lateral root number(条) | 产量 Yield (kg/667m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1B1 | 125.00±18.03aA | 27.45±3.50a | 29.51±1.66a | 8.07±1.03abA | 195.36±45.52bcAB |
T1B2 | 68.67±6.81dC | 27.20±2.12a | 27.81±5.84a | 6.82±0.55bA | 219.49±13.82abcAB |
T1B3 | 121.92±25.55aA | 26.45±0.63a | 30.58±5.27a | 9.80±1.64aA | 272.89±42.23aA |
T2B1 | 106.63±8.03abcAB | 25.39±0.52a | 27.42±0.66a | 8.82±1.96abA | 283.07±26.52aA |
T2B2 | 116.98±11.76abAB | 27.19±0.86a | 29.75±2.18a | 8.68±1.24abA | 280.19±24.17aA |
T2B3 | 86.80±6.16cdBC | 25.12±1.54a | 29.03±1.90a | 8.82±0.71abA | 160.50±36.37cB |
T3B1 | 93.50±7.47bcABC | 26.70±1.30a | 31.55±3.04a | 9.15±1.82abA | 193.42±13.69bcAB |
T3B2 | 94.22±7.38bcABC | 27.90±0.95a | 28.74±2.02a | 8.22±1.75abA | 245.10±25.17abAB |
T3B3 | 104.13±9.67abcB | 28.17±2.23a | 28.20±0.33a | 7.07±0.31bA | 227.99±17.38abAB |
性状指标 indicators | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 | X10 | X11 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1-单根鲜重 X1-Single weight | 1.000 | ||||||||||
X2-早期抽薹率 X2-Earlier-bolting rate | 0.770* | 1.000 | |||||||||
X3-成活率 X3-transplant rate | 0.151 | 0.000 | 1.000 | ||||||||
X4-株高 X4-Plant height | -0.360 | -0.073 | 0.500 | 1.000 | |||||||
X5-株幅 X5-Plant length | 0.000 | 0.037 | -0.167 | 0.217 | 1.000 | ||||||
X6-叶片数 X6-Leaf number | -0.435 | -0.347 | -0.683* | -0.233 | 0.550 | 1.000 | |||||
X7-单根重 X7-Single weight | 0.452 | 0.566 | 0.433 | 0.467 | 0.483 | -0.250 | 1.000 | ||||
X8-根长 X8-Root length | -0.527 | -0.183 | -0.100 | 0.633 | 0.583 | 0.483 | 0.100 | 1.000 | |||
X9-根粗 X9-Root diameter | 0.134 | 0.456 | -0.267 | -0.283 | 0.117 | 0.217 | 0.300 | -0.167 | 1.000 | ||
X10-产量 X10-Yield | -0.126 | -0.128 | 0.717* | 0.667* | 0.033 | -0.533 | 0.483 | 0.017 | -0.267 | 1.000 | |
X11-阿魏酸含量 X11-Comparison of FA | 0.251 | 0.164 | -0.133 | -0.333 | -0.283 | 0.200 | -0.067 | -0.200 | 0.167 | -0.567 | 1.000 |
表5 当归种苗单根鲜重与成药的相关性
Table 5 Correlation analysis of single root fresh weight of A.sinensis seedlings and patent medicine
性状指标 indicators | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 | X10 | X11 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1-单根鲜重 X1-Single weight | 1.000 | ||||||||||
X2-早期抽薹率 X2-Earlier-bolting rate | 0.770* | 1.000 | |||||||||
X3-成活率 X3-transplant rate | 0.151 | 0.000 | 1.000 | ||||||||
X4-株高 X4-Plant height | -0.360 | -0.073 | 0.500 | 1.000 | |||||||
X5-株幅 X5-Plant length | 0.000 | 0.037 | -0.167 | 0.217 | 1.000 | ||||||
X6-叶片数 X6-Leaf number | -0.435 | -0.347 | -0.683* | -0.233 | 0.550 | 1.000 | |||||
X7-单根重 X7-Single weight | 0.452 | 0.566 | 0.433 | 0.467 | 0.483 | -0.250 | 1.000 | ||||
X8-根长 X8-Root length | -0.527 | -0.183 | -0.100 | 0.633 | 0.583 | 0.483 | 0.100 | 1.000 | |||
X9-根粗 X9-Root diameter | 0.134 | 0.456 | -0.267 | -0.283 | 0.117 | 0.217 | 0.300 | -0.167 | 1.000 | ||
X10-产量 X10-Yield | -0.126 | -0.128 | 0.717* | 0.667* | 0.033 | -0.533 | 0.483 | 0.017 | -0.267 | 1.000 | |
X11-阿魏酸含量 X11-Comparison of FA | 0.251 | 0.164 | -0.133 | -0.333 | -0.283 | 0.200 | -0.067 | -0.200 | 0.167 | -0.567 | 1.000 |
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