无膜滴灌栽培条件下不同棉花品种、密度和播期对其生长的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.03.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究无膜滴灌栽培条件下不同棉花品种、密度和播期对其生长的影响,为新疆南疆棉花无膜滴灌栽培技术提供数据支持和理论依据,筛选出适宜的品种、密度和播期。【方法】分别在库尔勒、阿拉尔、图木舒克进行试验,采用无膜滴灌栽培方式和裂-裂区试验设计,研究品种、密度、播期3个因素对棉花生育期、产量构成、农艺性状、干物质积累、纤维品质的影响。【结果】品种和播期对棉花生长影响较大,生育期较短的早熟棉花品种子棉产量较高;播期推迟造成生育期延长,并使子棉产量、单株铃数、衣分、霜前花率逐渐下降,对农艺性状和纤维品质造成一定影响;密度增加造成单株铃数、株高、单株果枝数、单株果节量逐渐下降,对子棉产量、纤维品质未造成显著影响。【结论】棉花品种中619熟性较早,产量较高,可作为新疆南疆无膜滴灌栽培的适宜品种;适宜的播期为4月15~25日;密度22.5×10⁴株/hm²的子棉产量在3个密度中最高,为适宜的种植密度。

关键词: 棉花; 无膜栽培; 品种; 播期; 密度

Abstract: 【Objective】 To reveal the effects of varieties, densities and sowing dates under no-mulching drip-irrigated cultivation on the growth of cotton to provide data support and theoretical basis for no-mulching rip-irrigated cultivation techniques in Southern Xinjiang. The suitable varieties, densities and sowing dates were screened.【Method】The experiments were carried out in Korla, Alar and Tumushuke, respectively. The no-mulching drip-irrigated cultivation methods and the split-split plot design were performed to investigate the effects of variety, density, sowing date on growth duration, yield components, agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation and fiber quality of cotton.【Result】Test results proved that the variety and sowing date had great influence on the growth of cotton, and the yield of early-maturing variety of cotton with shorter growth period was higher. With the sowing date postponed, the growth period was prolonged and the seed cotton yield, boll number per plant, lint percentage, ratio of yield before frost decreased gradually, which led to certain effects on agronomic traits and fiber quality. With the increasing of density, the boll number per plant, plant height, the number of fruit branches, fruit node numbers decreased gradually, which had no significant effect on the yield and fiber quality of the seed cotton. 【Conclusion】Zhong No. 619 variety has earlier maturity and high yield, which can be used as a suitable cultivar for no-mulching drip-irrigated cultivation in southern Xinjiang. The suitable sowing date is April 15 to 25. 225,000 plants/hm² per hectare has the highest yield in the 3 planting densities, which is regarded as a suitable planting density.

Key words: cotton; no-mulching; variety; sowing date; density

中图分类号:

S562
S35

吴博,练文明,喻树迅,毛树春,李克富,李卫平. 无膜滴灌栽培条件下不同棉花品种、密度和播期对其生长的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(3): 393-404.

WU Bo, LIAN Wen-ming,YU Shu-xun,MAO Shu-chun, LI Ke-fu,LI Wei-ping. Effects of Different Varieties, Densities and Sowing Dates on Cotton of No-Mulching Drip-Irrigated Cultivation in Southern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(3): 393-404.

参考文献

[1] 白岩,毛树春,田立文,等. 新疆棉花高产简化栽培技术评述与展望[J]. 中国农业科学,2017,50(1):38-50.
BAI Yan, MAO Shu-chun, TIAN Li-wen, et al. (2017). Advances and prospects of high-yielding and simplified cotton cultivation technology in Xinjiang cotton-growing area [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica , 50(1):38-50.(in Chinese)
[2]张江华,蒋平安,申玉熙,等. 新疆农田地膜污染现状及对策[J]. 新疆农业科学,2010,47(8):1 656-1 659.
ZEIANG Jiang-hua, JIANG Ping-an, SHEN Yu-xi, et al. (2010). Present conditions and control measures of plastic film residue in agricultural fields in Xinjiang [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences , 47(8):1,656-1,659.(in Chinese)
[3]周明冬,秦晓辉,候洪,等. 新疆农田废旧地膜污染治理现状及建议[J]. 环境与可持续发展,2014,39(5):171-174.
ZHOU Ming-dong, QIN Xiao-hui, HOU Hong, et al. (2014). Policy and present situation of pollution treatment of recycled plastic film in agricultural fields in Xinjiang [J]. Environment And Sustainable Development , 39(5):171-174.(in Chinese)
[4]中国农业科学院棉花研究所. 中国棉花栽培学[M]. 上海科学技术出版社,2013.
Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. (2013). Cotton Farming in China [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Press.(in Chinese)
[5]董合忠,杨国正,田立文,等.棉花轻简化栽培[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2016.
DONG He-zhong, YANG Guo-zheng, TIAN Li-wen, et al. (2016). Light and simplified cultivation of cotton [M]. Beijing: Science Press.(in Chinese)
[6]汪若海,张雄伟. 密植促早是当前我国棉花增产的基本技术途径[J]. 中国棉花,1995,(2):2-3.
WANG Ruo-hai, ZHANG Xiong-wei. (1995). Promoting earliness with high plant density is the basic technical approach to cotton production in China [J]. China Cotton , (2):2-3.(in Chinese)
[7]韩焕勇,邓福军,李保成,等. 种植密度对新疆高产棉花产量和品质的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学,2009,(4):98-100.
HAN Huan-yong, DENG Fu-jun, LI Bao-cheng, et al. (2009). Effects of planting density on yield and fiber quality of high-yielding cotton in Xinjiang [J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences , (4):98-100.(in Chinese)
[8]Deol J S, Kaur R, Brar Z S. (2011). Growth and yield of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as affected by sowing dates and plant spacing [J]. Environment&Ecology , (29): 1,886-1,888.
[9] Pettigrew, W. T. (2002). Improved yield potential with an early planting cotton production system. Agronomy Journal , 94(5):997-1,002.
[10] Bange, M. P., & Milroy, S. P. (2004). Growth and dry matter partitioning of diverse cotton genotypes. Field Crops Research , 87(1): 73-87.
[11]许玉璋,许萱.棉花播期对生长发育和产量品质的影响[J].中国棉花,1984,(1):22-24.
XUN Yu-zhang, XU Xuan. (1984). Effects of sowing date on growing development, yield and fiber quality of cotton [J]. China Cotton , (1):22-24.(in Chinese)
[12]王冀川,徐雅丽,谷磊,等. 不同播期对南疆杂交棉物质分配及产量构成的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学,2015,52(7):1 209-1 215.
WANG Ji-chuan, XU Ya-li, GU Lei, et al. (2015). Effect of different sowing dates on material distribution and yield formation of hybrid cotton in Southern Xinjiang [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences , 52(7):1,209-1,215.(in Chinese)
[13]王聪,罗宏海,王明洋,等.播种期对不同配置方式杂交棉光合物质生产及产量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(11):1 961-1 968.
WANG Cong, LUO Hong-hai, WANG Ming-yang, et al. (2015). Effects of sowing date on photosynthetic production and yield of hybrid cotton material under different plant models [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences , 52(11):1,961-1,968.(in Chinese)
[14]卢合全,李振怀,董合忠,等. 播种期对2个不同类型棉花品种产量和产量构成的影响[J]. 棉花学报,2012,24(4):312-317.
LU He-quan, LI Zhen-huai, DONG He-zhong, et al. (2012). Effect of planting date on yield and yield components of two different cotton genotypes [J]. Cotton Science , 24(4):312-317.(in Chinese)
[15]刘国栋,徐清来,周娟,等. 播期对棉花品种产量、品质及其构成因素的影响[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(1):65-68.
LIU Guo-dong, XU Qing-lai, ZHOU Juan, et al. (2017). Effects of different sowing dates on cotton yield fiber quality and their components [J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences , 49(1):65-68.(in Chinese)
[16] Boquet, D. J., & Clawson, E. L. (2009). Cotton planting date: yield, seedling survival, and plant growth. Agronomy Journal , 101(5):1,123-1,130.
[17]贾晓昀,庞朝友,魏恒玲,等. 晚播对陆地棉两个主要产量构成因子的影响[J]. 石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2016,34(1):8-11.
JIA Xiao-yun, PANG Chao-you, WEI Heng-ling, et al. (2016). Effects on single boll weight and lint percentage of upland cotton by late sowing [J]. Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science Ed.) , 34(1):8-11.(in Chinese)
[18]王建康,谈春松. 铃重的时空分布与产量预防[J]. 中国棉花, 1992,(6):25-27.
WANG Jian-kang, TAN Chun-song. (1992). Spatial and temporal distribution of cotton boll weight and yield prevention[J]. China Cotton , (6):25-27.(in Chinese)
[19] Bauer, P. J., May, O. L., & Camberato, J. J. (1998). Planting date and potassium fertility effects on cotton yield and fiber properties. Journal of Production Agriculture , 11(4): 415-420.
[20]李金才,马海莲,李存东. 不同播期对棉花纤维品质的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学,2011,39(22):13 321-13 323.
LI Jin-cai, MA Hai-lian, LI Cun-dong. (2011). Effects of different sowing dates on the fiber quality of cotton [J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences , 39(22):13,321-13,323.(in Chinese)
[21]王欣悦,刘爱玉,邹茜,等. 密度与播种期对直播棉生长发育和产量品质的影响[J]. 作物研究,2014,28(6):597-601.
WANG Xin-yue, LIU Ai-yu, ZOU Xi, et al. (2014). Effects of different planting density and seeding date on growing development,yield and fiber quality of direct seeding cotton [J]. Crop Research , 28(6):597-601.(in Chinese)
[22]高云光. 播期对棉铃发育及棉纤维品质形成的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2010.
GAO Yun-guang. (2010). Effects of sowing dates on cotton boll development and fiber quality [D]. Master Dissertation. Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi.(in Chinese)
[23]张旺锋,王振林,余松烈,等. 种植密度对新疆高产棉花群体光合作用、冠层结构及产量形成的影响[J]. 植物生态学报,2004,28(2):164-171.
ZHANG Wang-feng, WANG Zhen-lin, YU Song-lie, et al. (2004). Effects of planting density on canopy photosynthesis, canopy structure and yield formation of high-yield cotton in Xinjiang, China [J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica , 28(2):164-171.(in Chinese)
[24]宁新柱,林海,宿俊吉,等. 不同种植密度对棉花产量性状的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学,2011,39(15):8 878-8 880.
NING Xin-zhu, LING Hai, SU Jun-ji, et al. (2011). Influence of different planting densities on the yield traits of cotton [J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences , 39(15):8,878-8,880.(in Chinese)