新疆农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (11): 2069-2076.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.013
收稿日期:
2021-03-18
出版日期:
2021-11-20
发布日期:
2021-12-16
通信作者:
王佩玲,陆宴辉
作者简介:
刘佳美(1994 - ),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业昆虫与害虫防治,(E-mail) 965950977@qq.com
基金资助:
LIU Jiamei1(), LIU Bing3, WANG Peiling1(), LU Yanhui2,3()
Received:
2021-03-18
Online:
2021-11-20
Published:
2021-12-16
Correspondence author:
WANG Peiling, LU Yanhui
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】评价苦参碱、藜芦碱、印楝素对棉蚜的毒力和不同虫态多异瓢虫(卵、1龄幼虫、3龄幼虫、成虫)的毒性,为科学使用植物源杀虫剂提供参考依据。【方法】利用喷雾塔进行室内定量喷雾,测定苦参碱、藜芦碱、印楝素处理后棉蚜、多异瓢虫的死亡率。【结果】在2 000 mg/L处理下,苦参碱对棉蚜的毒力最高、校正死亡率为89.3%,高于藜芦碱的61.7%和印楝素的57.6%。这3种植物源杀虫剂对多异瓢虫毒力均较低,2 000 mg/L处理96 h后多异瓢虫卵死亡率分别为16.5%、20.9%和20.9%;处理24 h后,1龄幼虫死亡率分别为29.6%、38.9%和42.6%,3龄幼虫死亡率分别为1.7%、8.3%和5.0%,成虫死亡率均不超过20%。3种植物源杀虫剂处理下的多异瓢虫各虫态死亡率均显著低于100 mg/L吡虫啉。【结论】苦参碱、藜芦碱、印楝素对多异瓢虫安全性较高,其中苦参碱对棉蚜毒力高于其他2种,适合在新疆棉田棉蚜防治中使用。
中图分类号:
刘佳美, 刘冰, 王佩玲, 陆宴辉. 植物源杀虫剂对棉蚜毒力及多异瓢虫的安全性评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(11): 2069-2076.
LIU Jiamei, LIU Bing, WANG Peiling, LU Yanhui. Toxicity of Three Botanical Insecticides to Aphis gossypii and Their Selectivity to Hippodamia variegata[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(11): 2069-2076.
药剂名称 Insecticide | 浓度 Concentration(a.i. mg/L) | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 8.49 ± 1.16d | 9.82 ± 1.23d | 10.14 ± 1.97d | |
50 | 9.37 ± 2.03d | 12.71 ± 4.11d | 15.09 ± 2.16d | |
200 | 10.57 ± 0.12d | 19.09 ± 2.55d | 20.66 ± 1.85d | |
400 | 17.59 ± 0.69c | 34.62 ± 4.28c | 37.59 ± 5.39c | |
苦参碱Matrine | 800 | 27.08 ± 2.59b | 46.71 ± 5.70b | 49.78 ± 4.84b |
2000 | 35.44 ± 1.57a | 84.24 ± 2.07a | 89.27 ± 2.88a | |
毒力曲线方程 | y =0.351x-1.730 | y=1.403x-3.954 | y=1.468x-4.034 | |
相关性系数 R2 | 0.807 | 0.804 | 0.802 | |
LC50 (mg/L) | 84 666.01 | 657.69 | 559.06 | |
LC90 (mg/L) | - | 5 388.56 | 4 172.22 | |
1 | 6.47 ± 1.01b | 11.79 ± 1.66c | 19.35 ± 3.43c | |
50 | 7.50 ± 1.83b | 16.92 ± 2.85c | 22.58 ± 2.27c | |
200 | 7.54 ± 1.64b | 17.03 ± 1.64c | 26.02 ± 2.49c | |
400 | 9.49 ± 1.15b | 17.85 ± 1.40c | 27.69 ± 2.12c | |
藜芦碱Azadirachtin | 800 | 18.93 ± 3.39a | 43.41 ± 7.12b | 48.74 ± 7.74b |
2000 | 19.30 ± 4.23a | 58.42 ± 2.13a | 61.69 ± 2.62a | |
毒力曲线方程 | y=0.232x-1.733 | y=0.473x-1.696 | y=0.350x-1.185 | |
相关性系数 R2 | 0.766 | 0.762 | 0.779 | |
LC50 (mg/L) | - | 3 844.51 | 2 447.39 | |
LC90 (mg/L) | - | - | - | |
1 | 9.37 ± 1.08b | 14.71 ± 3.12d | 14.06 ± 2.77e | |
50 | 13.41 ± 1.56ab | 19.97 ± 2.13cd | 22.56 ± 3.19d | |
200 | 16.25 ± 1.73ab | 25.69 ± 2.45bc | 25.25 ± 3.28cd | |
400 | 15.49 ± 2.78ab | 29.09 ± 1.50b | 30.76 ± 0.60bc | |
800 | 18.97 ± 3.18a | 34.80 ± 3.34b | 37.80 ± 2.48b | |
2000 | 20.32 ± 2.25a | 44.19 ± 4.05a | 57.61 ± 2.17a | |
印楝素Veratrine | 毒力曲线方程 | y=0.148x-1.341 | y=0.275x-1.195 | y=0.371x-1.325 |
相关性系数 R2 | 0.895 | 0.874 | 0.935 | |
LC50 (mg/L) | - | 22 352.02 | 3 700.00 | |
LC90 (mg/L) | - | - | - | |
1 | 38.45 ± 8.76c | 51.35 ± 9.32b | 61.40 ± 10.97b | |
5 | 91.64 ± 1.01b | 93.64 ± 3.18a | 94.58 ± 2.89a | |
10 | 81.13 ± 2.45ab | 93.30 ± 5.33a | 100.00 ± 0.00a | |
50 | 97.78 ± 1.11a | 100.00 ± 0.00a | 100.00 ± 0.00a | |
吡虫啉Imidacloprid | 100 | 100.00 ± 0.00a | 100.00 ± 0.00a | 100.00 ± 0.00a |
毒力曲线方程 | y=1.410x-0.186 | y=1.736x-0.054 | y=2.143x-0.260 | |
相关性系数 R2 | 0.915 | 0.957 | 1.000 | |
LC50 (mg/L) | 1.36 | 0.93 | 0.76 | |
LC90 (mg/L) | 11.00 | 5.09 | 3.00 |
表1 不同杀虫剂处理下棉蚜校正死亡率和毒力曲线
Table 1 Corrected mortality rate and toxicity curve equation of different insecticides to A. gossypii
药剂名称 Insecticide | 浓度 Concentration(a.i. mg/L) | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 8.49 ± 1.16d | 9.82 ± 1.23d | 10.14 ± 1.97d | |
50 | 9.37 ± 2.03d | 12.71 ± 4.11d | 15.09 ± 2.16d | |
200 | 10.57 ± 0.12d | 19.09 ± 2.55d | 20.66 ± 1.85d | |
400 | 17.59 ± 0.69c | 34.62 ± 4.28c | 37.59 ± 5.39c | |
苦参碱Matrine | 800 | 27.08 ± 2.59b | 46.71 ± 5.70b | 49.78 ± 4.84b |
2000 | 35.44 ± 1.57a | 84.24 ± 2.07a | 89.27 ± 2.88a | |
毒力曲线方程 | y =0.351x-1.730 | y=1.403x-3.954 | y=1.468x-4.034 | |
相关性系数 R2 | 0.807 | 0.804 | 0.802 | |
LC50 (mg/L) | 84 666.01 | 657.69 | 559.06 | |
LC90 (mg/L) | - | 5 388.56 | 4 172.22 | |
1 | 6.47 ± 1.01b | 11.79 ± 1.66c | 19.35 ± 3.43c | |
50 | 7.50 ± 1.83b | 16.92 ± 2.85c | 22.58 ± 2.27c | |
200 | 7.54 ± 1.64b | 17.03 ± 1.64c | 26.02 ± 2.49c | |
400 | 9.49 ± 1.15b | 17.85 ± 1.40c | 27.69 ± 2.12c | |
藜芦碱Azadirachtin | 800 | 18.93 ± 3.39a | 43.41 ± 7.12b | 48.74 ± 7.74b |
2000 | 19.30 ± 4.23a | 58.42 ± 2.13a | 61.69 ± 2.62a | |
毒力曲线方程 | y=0.232x-1.733 | y=0.473x-1.696 | y=0.350x-1.185 | |
相关性系数 R2 | 0.766 | 0.762 | 0.779 | |
LC50 (mg/L) | - | 3 844.51 | 2 447.39 | |
LC90 (mg/L) | - | - | - | |
1 | 9.37 ± 1.08b | 14.71 ± 3.12d | 14.06 ± 2.77e | |
50 | 13.41 ± 1.56ab | 19.97 ± 2.13cd | 22.56 ± 3.19d | |
200 | 16.25 ± 1.73ab | 25.69 ± 2.45bc | 25.25 ± 3.28cd | |
400 | 15.49 ± 2.78ab | 29.09 ± 1.50b | 30.76 ± 0.60bc | |
800 | 18.97 ± 3.18a | 34.80 ± 3.34b | 37.80 ± 2.48b | |
2000 | 20.32 ± 2.25a | 44.19 ± 4.05a | 57.61 ± 2.17a | |
印楝素Veratrine | 毒力曲线方程 | y=0.148x-1.341 | y=0.275x-1.195 | y=0.371x-1.325 |
相关性系数 R2 | 0.895 | 0.874 | 0.935 | |
LC50 (mg/L) | - | 22 352.02 | 3 700.00 | |
LC90 (mg/L) | - | - | - | |
1 | 38.45 ± 8.76c | 51.35 ± 9.32b | 61.40 ± 10.97b | |
5 | 91.64 ± 1.01b | 93.64 ± 3.18a | 94.58 ± 2.89a | |
10 | 81.13 ± 2.45ab | 93.30 ± 5.33a | 100.00 ± 0.00a | |
50 | 97.78 ± 1.11a | 100.00 ± 0.00a | 100.00 ± 0.00a | |
吡虫啉Imidacloprid | 100 | 100.00 ± 0.00a | 100.00 ± 0.00a | 100.00 ± 0.00a |
毒力曲线方程 | y=1.410x-0.186 | y=1.736x-0.054 | y=2.143x-0.260 | |
相关性系数 R2 | 0.915 | 0.957 | 1.000 | |
LC50 (mg/L) | 1.36 | 0.93 | 0.76 | |
LC90 (mg/L) | 11.00 | 5.09 | 3.00 |
浓度(a.i. mg/L) Concentration | 苦参碱Matrine | 藜芦碱Azadirachtin | 印楝素Veratrine | 吡虫啉Imidacloprid |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 11.73 ± 9.26a | 5.92 ± 7.00ab | 0.25 ± 6.56d | 2.44 ± 2.03b |
5 | — | — | — | 31.04 ± 9.64ab |
10 | 15.71 ± 14.52a | 5.04 ± 3.22ab | 7.14 ± 3.67cd | 27.19 ± 17.19ab |
50 | 11.88 ± 12.39a | 6.18 ± 4.67ab | 10.71 ± 7.55bcd | 32.85 ± 8.84ab |
100 | 7.00 ± 4.58a | 7.57 ± 0.33b | 17.88 ± 2.52bcd | 47.71 ± 9.91a |
200 | 16.33 ± 8.72a | 2.30 ± 8.02b | 28.05 ± 3.84ab | — |
400 | 7.61 ± 4.93a | 23.20 ± 5.24ab | 23.20 ± 6.67abc | — |
800 | 19.30 ± 5.78a | 29.87 ± 7.13a | 34.33 ± 6.66a | — |
2000 | 16.52 ± 5.13a | 20.97 ± 8.67ab | 20.97 ± 2.96abcd | — |
表2 不同杀虫剂处理下多异瓢虫卵的校正死亡率变化
Table 2 Corrected mortality rate of different insecticides to H. variegata eggs(%)
浓度(a.i. mg/L) Concentration | 苦参碱Matrine | 藜芦碱Azadirachtin | 印楝素Veratrine | 吡虫啉Imidacloprid |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 11.73 ± 9.26a | 5.92 ± 7.00ab | 0.25 ± 6.56d | 2.44 ± 2.03b |
5 | — | — | — | 31.04 ± 9.64ab |
10 | 15.71 ± 14.52a | 5.04 ± 3.22ab | 7.14 ± 3.67cd | 27.19 ± 17.19ab |
50 | 11.88 ± 12.39a | 6.18 ± 4.67ab | 10.71 ± 7.55bcd | 32.85 ± 8.84ab |
100 | 7.00 ± 4.58a | 7.57 ± 0.33b | 17.88 ± 2.52bcd | 47.71 ± 9.91a |
200 | 16.33 ± 8.72a | 2.30 ± 8.02b | 28.05 ± 3.84ab | — |
400 | 7.61 ± 4.93a | 23.20 ± 5.24ab | 23.20 ± 6.67abc | — |
800 | 19.30 ± 5.78a | 29.87 ± 7.13a | 34.33 ± 6.66a | — |
2000 | 16.52 ± 5.13a | 20.97 ± 8.67ab | 20.97 ± 2.96abcd | — |
药剂名称 Insecticide | 浓度(a.i. mg/L) Concentration | 1龄幼虫 1st-instar | 3龄幼虫 3rd-instar | 成虫-雌 Female adult | 成虫-雄 Male adult |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
苦参碱Matrine | 2 000 | 29.63 ± 1.85b | 1.67 ± 1.67b | 10.00 ± 4.08b | 20.00 ± 8.16b |
藜芦碱Azadirachtin | 2 000 | 38.89 ± 22.45b | 8.33 ± 1.67b | 4.00 ± 1.63b | 8.00 ± 3.27bc |
印楝素Veratrine | 2 000 | 42.59 ± 1.85b | 5.00 ± 0.00b | 13.33 ± 5.44b | 0.00 ± 0.00c |
吡虫啉Imidacloprid | 100 | 100.00 ± 0.00a | 70.00 ± 5.77a | 100.00 ± 0.00a | 100.00 ± 0.00a |
表3 不同杀虫剂对多异瓢虫幼虫和成虫的校正死亡率变化
Table 3 Corrected mortality rate of different insecticides to larvae and adults of H. variegata(%)
药剂名称 Insecticide | 浓度(a.i. mg/L) Concentration | 1龄幼虫 1st-instar | 3龄幼虫 3rd-instar | 成虫-雌 Female adult | 成虫-雄 Male adult |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
苦参碱Matrine | 2 000 | 29.63 ± 1.85b | 1.67 ± 1.67b | 10.00 ± 4.08b | 20.00 ± 8.16b |
藜芦碱Azadirachtin | 2 000 | 38.89 ± 22.45b | 8.33 ± 1.67b | 4.00 ± 1.63b | 8.00 ± 3.27bc |
印楝素Veratrine | 2 000 | 42.59 ± 1.85b | 5.00 ± 0.00b | 13.33 ± 5.44b | 0.00 ± 0.00c |
吡虫啉Imidacloprid | 100 | 100.00 ± 0.00a | 70.00 ± 5.77a | 100.00 ± 0.00a | 100.00 ± 0.00a |
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