施肥调控对设施甜瓜生长与产量、品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.03.009

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (3): 599-606.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.03.009

施肥调控对设施甜瓜生长与产量、品质的影响

梁其干¹(), 张浩¹, 胡国智²(), 陈积豪¹, 冯烔鑫², 曹庆¹, 王敏³, 符小发¹, 闫淼², 高强¹, 张学军¹, 周勃¹, 王豪杰²()

1.新疆农业科学院海南三亚农作物育种试验中心,海南三亚 572014
2.新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,海南海口 571100

收稿日期:2023-07-28 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-04-19
通信作者: 胡国智(1983-),男,新疆塔城人,研究员,硕士,研究方向为甜瓜栽培生理与施肥,(E-mail)hgz0901@126.com;王豪杰(1985-)男,浙江永康人,高级农艺师,研究方向为甜瓜栽培与育种, (E-mail) 331008937@qqcom
作者简介:梁其干(1995-),男,海南定安人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为作物分子遗传育种,(E-mail)591337475@qq.com
基金资助:
海南省院士创新科研专项(YSPTZX202116);海南省院士创新平台;新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2023D01B38);新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干项目(xjnkq-2019021);新疆农业科学院自主培育专项(xjnkyzzp2022006);海南省自然科学基金面上项目(319MS109);海南省自然科学基金青年基金(321QN382);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01B59)

Growth,yield and quality of muskmelon in fertilization control facilities

LIANG Qigan¹(), ZHANG Hao¹, HU Guozhi²(), CHEN Jihao¹, FENG Tongxin², CAO Qing¹, WANG Min³, FU Xiaofa¹, YAN Miao², GAO Qiang¹, ZHANG Xuejun¹, ZHOU Bo¹, WANG Haojie²()

1. Hainan Sanya Crop Breeding Test Center,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanya Hainan 572014,China
2. Cantaloupe Research Center,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China
3. Vegetable Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571100,China

Received:2023-07-28 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-04-19
Correspondence author: HU Guozhi(1983 -),male,from Tacheng,Xinjiang,master's degree,researcher,mainly engaged in melon cultivation physiology and fertilization research,(E-mail)hgz0901@126.com;WANG Haojic (1985-), from Yongkang, Zhejiang. senior agronomist,bachelor's degree in mclon cultivation and breeding,(E-mail)331008937@qq.com
Supported by:
Hainan Academician Innovation and Scientific Research Project(YSPTZX202116);Hainan Academician Innovation Platform;Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Platform Capacity Improvement Projet of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation(2023D01B38);Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Youth Science and Technology Backbone Projeet(xjnkq-2019021);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Platform Capacity Improvement Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnkyzzp2022006);General Project of Hainan Natural Science Foundation(319MS109);Project of Hainang Natural Science Foundation(321QN382);Project of Xinjiang Natural Science Foundation(2021D01B59)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究海南省设施栽培条件下长效肥对甜瓜生长发育及产量品质的影响。【方法】 以甜瓜品种纳斯密为供试材料,设置不施肥(CK)、长效肥(K₁)、长效肥(K₂)、长效肥(K₃)、常规施肥(CF)共5个处理。在设施栽培条件下施用长效肥普乐特(17-17-17)≥51%,在甜瓜伸蔓期、花果期、成熟期调查作物的农艺生长指标,成熟期测定甜瓜产量和品质指标,并测定土壤养分和植株各器官的氮、磷、钾含量。【结果】 5个施肥处理中,CF处理的产量与裂果率均高于其它处理,CF和长效肥K₁处理品质高于其它处理。长效肥各处理甜瓜植株氮、磷、钾积累量低于CF处理。【结论】 综合产量、裂果率及品质特征,长效肥(K₁)可保证设施甜瓜正常生长并达到较高的商品产量和品质。

关键词: 甜瓜; 长效肥; 养分; 产量; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To simplify fertilization and study the effect of long-acting fertilizer on the growth,yield and quality of muskmelon under the conditions of protected cultivation in Hainan.【Methods】 With the melon "Nasmi" as the test material,the experiment set up 5 treatments including no fertilization(CK),long-term fertilizer(K₁),long-term fertilizer(K₂),long-term fertilizer(K₃) and conventional fertilizer(CF).Under the condition of protected cultivation,the long-acting fertilizer of Prolete(17-17-17) ≥ 51% was applied to investigate the agronomic growth index of crops at the melon extension stage,flowering and fruit stage and mature stage,and then to measure the yield and quality of melon at the mature stage,and measure the soil nutrients and the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content of each organ of the plant.【Results】 Among the five fertilization treatments,the yield and fruit cracking rate of CF treatment were higher than those of other treatments,and the quality of CF and K₁ treatment was higher than those of other treatments.The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in muskmelon plants under different treatments of long-acting fertilizer was lower than those under CF treatment.【Conclusion】 According to the yield,fruit cracking rate and quality characteristics,the treatment of long-acting fertilizer (K₁) can ensure the normal growth of muskmelon in the facility to achieve higher commercial yield and quality.

Key words: melon; long-term fertilizer; nutrient; yield; quality

中图分类号:

S652

梁其干, 张浩, 胡国智, 陈积豪, 冯烔鑫, 曹庆, 王敏, 符小发, 闫淼, 高强, 张学军, 周勃, 王豪杰. 施肥调控对设施甜瓜生长与产量、品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(3): 599-606.

LIANG Qigan, ZHANG Hao, HU Guozhi, CHEN Jihao, FENG Tongxin, CAO Qing, WANG Min, FU Xiaofa, YAN Miao, GAO Qiang, ZHANG Xuejun, ZHOU Bo, WANG Haojie. Growth,yield and quality of muskmelon in fertilization control facilities[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(3): 599-606.

图/表 6

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处理 Treatment	总养分 Total nutrients (kg/hm²)	底肥 Base fertilizer (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)	施肥量 Fertilization amount (kg/hm²)	各生育期施肥占总养分比例 Proportion in total nutrients(%)
处理 Treatment	总养分 Total nutrients (kg/hm²)	底肥 Base fertilizer (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)	施肥量 Fertilization amount (kg/hm²)	移栽期 Transplantation period	伸蔓期 Spreading stage	花果期 Flowering and fruiting stage	成熟期 Mature period
CK	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
K₁	326.70	普乐特(17-17-17)≥51%	640.5	100	—	—	—
K₂	294.03	普乐特(17-17-17)≥51%	576.5	90	—	—	—
K₃	261.36	普乐特(17-17-17)≥51%	512.4	80	—	—	—
CF	326.70	挪威(15-15-15)≥45%	450.0	62	10.5	14.0	13.5

处理 Treatment	总养分 Total nutrients (kg/hm²)	底肥 Base fertilizer (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)	施肥量 Fertilization amount (kg/hm²)	各生育期施肥占总养分比例 Proportion in total nutrients(%)
处理 Treatment	总养分 Total nutrients (kg/hm²)	底肥 Base fertilizer (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)	施肥量 Fertilization amount (kg/hm²)	移栽期 Transplantation period	伸蔓期 Spreading stage	花果期 Flowering and fruiting stage	成熟期 Mature period
CK	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
K₁	326.70	普乐特(17-17-17)≥51%	640.5	100	—	—	—
K₂	294.03	普乐特(17-17-17)≥51%	576.5	90	—	—	—
K₃	261.36	普乐特(17-17-17)≥51%	512.4	80	—	—	—
CF	326.70	挪威(15-15-15)≥45%	450.0	62	10.5	14.0	13.5

处理 Treatment	果径 Fruit diameter(cm)		厚度 Thickness(cm)		折光糖 Refractive sugar(%)		腔 Cavity (cm)	单瓜重 Average fruit weight (kg)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	裂果率 Dehiscence rati (%)	果实性状 Traits	质地口感风味 Texture taste flavor
处理 Treatment	纵径 Longitudinal diameter	横径 Diameter	皮厚 Skin thickness	肉厚 Flesh	边糖 Side sugar	心糖 Center sugar	腔 Cavity (cm)	单瓜重 Average fruit weight (kg)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	裂果率 Dehiscence rati (%)	果实性状 Traits	质地口感风味 Texture taste flavor
CK	(13.93±0.39)^b	(10.17±0.29)^c	(0.50±0)^a	(2.25±0.15)^c	(5.10±1.14)^b	(8.86±0.08)^b	(14.10±0.07)^b	(0.87±0.06)^c	15 660	4.66	椭圆、黄皮、绿条密、网纹稀疏,肉色为浅橘	果肉紧密硬,口感差
CF	(17.04±0.29)^a	(12.73±0.37)^a	(0.50±0)^a	(3.03±0.11)^a	(5.68±0.17)^a	(10.89±0.16)^b	(15.81±0.09)^a	(1.41±0.08)^a	25 380	12.00	椭圆、黄皮、绿条密、细网中密,肉色为浅橘	果肉细松脆,口感好
K₁	(15.53±0.31)^ab	(11.91±0.22)^b	(0.50±0)^a	(2.97±0.05)^ab	(5.10±0.14)^b	(11.37±0.36)^ab	(15.38±0.23)^ab	(1.15±0.03)^b	20 700	6.00	椭圆、黄皮、绿条密、细网中密,肉色为浅橘	果肉较松脆,口感好
K₂	(15.97±0.21)^ab	(11.54±0.08)^bc	(0.50±0)^a	(2.67±0.25)^bc	(4.93±0.05)^b	(10.99±0.30)^b	(15.67±0.40)^a	(1.11±0.05)^b	19 980	6.00	椭圆、黄皮、绿条密、细网中密,肉色为浅橘	果肉紧密,口感好
K₃	(15.37±0.12)^ab	(11.53±0.12)^bc	(0.50±0)^a	(2.47±0.12)^c	(5.07±0.05)^b	(11.58±0.30)^a	(15.68±0.16)^a	(1.05±0.03)^b	18 900	8.00	椭圆、黄皮、绿条密、细网中密,肉色为浅橘	果肉紧密,口感较差

处理 Treatment	果径 Fruit diameter(cm)		厚度 Thickness(cm)		折光糖 Refractive sugar(%)		腔 Cavity (cm)	单瓜重 Average fruit weight (kg)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	裂果率 Dehiscence rati (%)	果实性状 Traits	质地口感风味 Texture taste flavor
处理 Treatment	纵径 Longitudinal diameter	横径 Diameter	皮厚 Skin thickness	肉厚 Flesh	边糖 Side sugar	心糖 Center sugar	腔 Cavity (cm)	单瓜重 Average fruit weight (kg)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	裂果率 Dehiscence rati (%)	果实性状 Traits	质地口感风味 Texture taste flavor
CK	(13.93±0.39)^b	(10.17±0.29)^c	(0.50±0)^a	(2.25±0.15)^c	(5.10±1.14)^b	(8.86±0.08)^b	(14.10±0.07)^b	(0.87±0.06)^c	15 660	4.66	椭圆、黄皮、绿条密、网纹稀疏,肉色为浅橘	果肉紧密硬,口感差
CF	(17.04±0.29)^a	(12.73±0.37)^a	(0.50±0)^a	(3.03±0.11)^a	(5.68±0.17)^a	(10.89±0.16)^b	(15.81±0.09)^a	(1.41±0.08)^a	25 380	12.00	椭圆、黄皮、绿条密、细网中密,肉色为浅橘	果肉细松脆,口感好
K₁	(15.53±0.31)^ab	(11.91±0.22)^b	(0.50±0)^a	(2.97±0.05)^ab	(5.10±0.14)^b	(11.37±0.36)^ab	(15.38±0.23)^ab	(1.15±0.03)^b	20 700	6.00	椭圆、黄皮、绿条密、细网中密,肉色为浅橘	果肉较松脆,口感好
K₂	(15.97±0.21)^ab	(11.54±0.08)^bc	(0.50±0)^a	(2.67±0.25)^bc	(4.93±0.05)^b	(10.99±0.30)^b	(15.67±0.40)^a	(1.11±0.05)^b	19 980	6.00	椭圆、黄皮、绿条密、细网中密,肉色为浅橘	果肉紧密,口感好
K₃	(15.37±0.12)^ab	(11.53±0.12)^bc	(0.50±0)^a	(2.47±0.12)^c	(5.07±0.05)^b	(11.58±0.30)^a	(15.68±0.16)^a	(1.05±0.03)^b	18 900	8.00	椭圆、黄皮、绿条密、细网中密,肉色为浅橘	果肉紧密,口感较差

施肥调控对设施甜瓜生长与产量、品质的影响

Growth,yield and quality of muskmelon in fertilization control facilities

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