新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (1): 127-135.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.014

• 园艺特产·农产品加工工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

苹果新品种瑞阳在新疆伊犁河谷的引种适应性分析

王瑾1(), 刁永强1,2(), 郭秀玲1, 陈伊宇1, 秦德明1, 罗秉瑜1, 刘君1,2   

  1. 1.新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州林业科学研究院,新疆伊宁 835000
    2.国家苹果产业技术体系伊犁综合试验站,新疆伊宁 835000
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-17 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2024-02-21
  • 通信作者: 刁永强(1981-),男,重庆江津人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向为果树种质资源及栽培,(E-mail)diaoyongqiang@sina.com
  • 作者简介:王瑾(1983-),女,四川西充人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向为果树种质资源及栽培,(E-mail)119338714@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项项目“苹果新品种瑞阳引进繁育及栽培技术示范”(2020E0223);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-27)

Preliminary study on adaptability of new apple variety ruiyang in Ili Valley in Xinjiang

WANG Jin1(), DIAO Yongqiang1,2(), GUO Xiuling1, CHEN Yiyu1, QIN Deming1, LUO Bingyu1, LIU Jun1,2   

  1. 1. Xinjiang Ili kazakh Autonomous prefecture forestry science research institute,Yining Xinjiang 835000,China
    2. Yili Comprehensive Experiment Station of China Apple Research System,Yining Xinjiang 835000,China
  • Received:2023-05-17 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2024-02-21
  • Correspondence author: DIAO Yongqiang(1981-),male,Jiangjin,Chongqing,Senior engineer,Master,research field:fruit germplasm resources and fruit cultivation,(E-mail)diaoyongqiang@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    Special Project of Regional Collaborative Innovation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“Introduction,Breeding and Cultivation Technique Demonstration of New Apple Variety Ruiyang”(2020E0223);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-27)

摘要:

【目的】研究苹果新品种瑞阳在新疆伊犁河谷的生长表现及适应性,为伊犁河谷苹果品种合理规划布局提供理论依据。【方法】对引进的苹果新品种瑞阳设置区域栽培试验,主测品种瑞阳,对照品种分别是瑞雪和伊美,田间调查物候期、植物学性状,分析不同砧穗组合的亲和性、结实性等;以1年生休眠枝条作为材料,采用电导法测定瑞阳等3个苹果品种枝条在不同低温处理下的抗寒性,采用Logistic方程计算瑞阳苹果枝条的低温半致死温度。【结果】瑞阳苹果在伊犁河谷表现为树势中庸,树姿较开张,一年生枝颜色红褐色,平均长度47.62 cm,节间长3.02 cm,枝粗4.82 mm;叶片平均长8.07 cm,宽4.64 cm,叶片颜色浓绿,有复锯齿;花芽为圆锥形,每花序花朵数4~6朵,花冠大小平均为4.23 cm。瑞阳苹果在伊犁河谷萌芽期集中在3月底至4月初,花期在4月中下旬,开花持续天数9~11 d,落叶期在11月底至12月上旬。果实发育天数174 d,较富士短11 d,营养生长天数246 d,果实10月中旬成熟。新疆野苹果/KM23/瑞阳砧穗组合苗嫁接口普遍愈合良好,苗木生长正常,抗病性强,部分单株成花能力强,结合低温处理后的冻害分级,确定瑞阳的半致死温度(LT50) 为-30.2℃。【结论】瑞阳苹果引入伊犁河谷以来能够适应本地气候环境,具有品质佳、外观着色好、抗性和适应性强等特点,是一个综合性状优良的中晚熟苹果品种,可在新疆伊犁河谷阳坡沿山800~1 200 m的逆温带区域栽植,矮化栽培可以选择新疆野苹果/KM23/瑞阳为适宜的砧穗组合。

关键词: 瑞阳苹果; 引种; 抗寒性; 适应性

Abstract:

【Objective】 This project aims to explore the growth performance and adaptability of new apple variety Ruiyang in Ili Valley in order to provide theoretical basis for reasonable planning and layout of apple varieties in that area. 【Methods】 Regional cultivation experiment for the introduced new apple variety Ruiyang,the main tested variety is Ruiyang,the control varieties are Ruixue and Yimei. Phenological period,botanical characters,affinity and seed setting of different rootstock-spike combinations were investigated in the field. Taking one-year-old dormant branches as testing materials,the electrolyte permeability of branches of three apple varieties such as Ruiyang under different low temperature treatments was measured by conductivity method,and the low temperature semi-lethal temperature of Ruiyang branches was calculated by Logistic equation. 【Results】 Studies have shown that the tree posture of Ruiyang apple was moderate,and the tree posture was relatively open in Ili. The annual branch color was red-brown,with an average length of 47.62 cm,internode length of 3.02 cm,and branch diameter of 4.82 mm;The average length of leaves was 8.07 cm,the width was 4.64 cm;The color of leaves was thick green,with complex sawtooth;Flower buds was conical,4-6 flowers per inflorescence,corolla size averaged 4.23 cm. The germination period of Ruiyang was concentrated in the end of March to early April,the flowering period was in the middle and late April,the flowering duration was 9-11 days,and the deciduous period was in the end of November to early December. Fruit development was 174 days,shorter than Fuji 11 days,vegetative growth 246 days,fruit got ripe in mid-October. Through field investigation,the grafting mouth of Malus sieversii/KM23/Ruiyang rootstock-scion combination seedlings generally healed well,the seedlings grew normally with strong disease resistance,and some plants had strong flowering ability. Combined with the classification of freezing injury after low temperature treatment,the semi-lethal temperature(LT50 ) of Ruiyang was determined to be -30.2℃. 【Conclusion】 Ruiyang can adapt to the local climate environment since introduced into the Ili Valley with the characteristics of high quality,good color appearance,strong resistance and adaptability. It is a mid-late maturing apple variety with excellent comprehensive properties. It is suitable for planting in the temperature inversion region of 800 m-1,200 m along the mountain on the sunny slope of Ili. The Malus sieversii/KM23/Ruiyang was preliminarily selected as the rootstock-spike combination suitable for cultivation in Ili.

Key words: Ruiyang apple; species introduction; cold tolerance; adaptability

中图分类号: 


ISSN 1001-4330 CN 65-1097/S
邮发代号:58-18
国外代号:BM3342
主管:新疆农业科学院
主办:新疆农业科学院 新疆农业大学 新疆农学会

出版单位:《新疆农业科学》编辑部
地址:乌鲁木齐市南昌路403号新疆农业科学院
邮编:830091
电话:0991-4502046
E-mail:xjnykx-h@xaas.ac.cn


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