加工番茄全自动耐压测定仪的设计与性能评价

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究设计并制造一款新型加工番茄果实全自动耐压力测定仪。【方法】以不同品种的新鲜加工番茄果实为试材,分析对测定仪的制造工艺及开展耐压试验的重要性,并比较不同仪器用以验证该仪器的性能。【结果】石番45、亨氏3501与其它4种加工番茄相比品质较高,耐压性较好(13.58 mm/个);单果测定耐压力会受到果实果型指数、单果重、果肉厚度等的影响;全自动耐压测定仪可以准确记录耐压力值及变形值的变化过程,且果实破裂瞬间呈现明显变化,数据清晰且精密度高;测定1次即可得到某品种果实平均耐压力;测试范围宽(0~5 000 N),测试行程远(0~140 mm),运行速度可调节(0~200 mm/min无级变速)。【结论】耐压力测定仪不受环境影响,数据精密度高;可有效用于测定不同品种加工番茄耐压力大小,测定效率高;操作简单、经济实用。

关键词: 加工番茄; 耐压仪; 平均耐压力; 性能评价

Abstract:

【Objective】 This research aims to design and manufacture a new type of automatic stress tolerance tester for tomato fruits.【Methods】 Different varieties of fresh tomato fruits were used as test materials to carry out pressure test.The manufacturing process of the measuring instrument and the importance of pressure test were analyzed, and different instruments were compared to verify the reliability of the instrument.【Results】 Shifan 45 and Heinz 3501 had higher quality compared with the other 4 kinds of tomatoes; the pressure tolerance of single fruit will be affected by the fruit type index, single fruit weight, pulp thickness, etc.; the fully automatic pressure tester could accurately record single fruit and the change process of the average pressure resistance value and deformation value, and the fruit showed obvious changes at the moment of rupture, the data was clear and accurate; the average value of the pressure resistance of a variety of fruits could be obtained after one measurement; the hardness and flexibility can be measured; the test range was wide (0-5,000 N) with long test stroke (0-140 mm), and the operating speed was adjustable (0-200 mm/min stepless speed change).【Conclusion】 The pressure resistance tester manufactured in this study is not affected by the environment, and the data is more accurate, so it can be effectively used to measure the pressure resistance of different varieties of tomatoes and improve the measurement efficiency; What is more, it is simple to operate, economical and practical, and has a wide range of popularization values.

Key words: processed tomato; pressure tester; average pressure resistance; performance evaluation

中图分类号:

TS203

郭慧静, 李自芹, 李冀新, 赵志永, 宋方圆. 加工番茄全自动耐压测定仪的设计与性能评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(10): 2495-2501.

GUO Huijing, LI Ziqin, LI Jixin, ZHAO Zhiyong, SONG Fangyuan. Design and Performance Evaluation of Automatic Pressure Tester for Processing Tomato[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(10): 2495-2501.

图/表 6

图1 加工番茄果实耐压测定仪结构示意注:1为螺旋柄,2为螺杆,3为穿孔,4为滑动压板,5为沙垫或水垫,6为被测果实,7为果实容器,8为称重台称,9为壳体,10为压簧套筒,11为压簧,12为轴承,13为定位筒,14为连接块,15为充气装置,16为缓冲罐,17为进气管,18为活塞,19为进气口,20为放气门,21为气缸,22为拉簧。

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the structure of tomato fruit pressure tester Note: 1 is the rocking handle, 2 is the screw, 3 is the perforation, 4 is the sliding plate, 5 is the sand pad or water pad, 6 is the fruit to be tested, 7 is the fruit container, 8 is the weighing platform, 9 is the shell, 10 is a compression spring sleeve, 11 is a compression spring, 12 is a bearing, 13 is a positioning cylinder, 14 is a connecting block, 15 is an inflator, 16 is a buffer tank, 17 is an air inlet pipe, 18 is a piston, 19 is an air inlet Port, 20 is the bleed valve, 21 is the cylinder, and 22 is the tension spring.

图2 加工番茄果实全自动耐压测定仪

Fig.2 Processing tomato fruit automatic pressure tester

表1 不同加工番茄品种理化指标对比

Table 1 Determination results of physical and chemical indexes for different varieties of processing tomato

品种 Variety	果形指数 Fruit shape index	肉厚 Pulp thickness (mm)	单果重 Single fruit weight(g)	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid (%)	粘度 Viscosity (cm/30s)	番茄红素 Lycopene (mg/kg)
亨氏1015 Heinz1015	1.28^b	7.7^a	64.6^a	5.86^b	8. $2 d e$	105.7^c
亨氏3402 Heinz3402	1.32^b	6.3^c	50.2^d	5.21^c	8.1^e	101.4^e
亨氏3501 Heinz3501	1.27^b	7.5^a	55.1^c	6.2^a	9.7^a	111.7^b
石番45 Shifan45	1.45^a	7.0^b	60.2^b	6. $0 a b$	8.7^b	119.2^a
石番56 Shifan56	1.25^b	6.0^d	59.7^b	5.25^c	8.5b^c	104.6^d
石番58 Shifan58	1.08^c	5.4^e	41.3^e	6.0 $6 a b$	8. $4 c d$	98.6^f

表1 不同加工番茄品种理化指标对比

Table 1 Determination results of physical and chemical indexes for different varieties of processing tomato

品种 Variety	果形指数 Fruit shape index	肉厚 Pulp thickness (mm)	单果重 Single fruit weight(g)	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid (%)	粘度 Viscosity (cm/30s)	番茄红素 Lycopene (mg/kg)
亨氏1015 Heinz1015	1.28^b	7.7^a	64.6^a	5.86^b	8. $2 d e$	105.7^c
亨氏3402 Heinz3402	1.32^b	6.3^c	50.2^d	5.21^c	8.1^e	101.4^e
亨氏3501 Heinz3501	1.27^b	7.5^a	55.1^c	6.2^a	9.7^a	111.7^b
石番45 Shifan45	1.45^a	7.0^b	60.2^b	6. $0 a b$	8.7^b	119.2^a
石番56 Shifan56	1.25^b	6.0^d	59.7^b	5.25^c	8.5b^c	104.6^d
石番58 Shifan58	1.08^c	5.4^e	41.3^e	6.0 $6 a b$	8. $4 c d$	98.6^f

表2 不同品种加工番茄单果耐压力对比

Table 2 Test results of single fruit stress tolerance for different varieties of processing tomato

品种 Variety	硬度 hardness (N)	单果耐压力 single fruit stress tolerance (N)	单果耐压力single fruit stress tolerance(N)
品种 Variety	硬度 hardness (N)	单果耐压力 single fruit stress tolerance (N)	横放 Horizontal	变形值 Deformation value(mm)	竖放 Upright	变形值 Deformation value(mm)
亨氏1015Heinz1015	18.31^b	58^b	25.78^c	9.32^d	29.85^b	12.02^b
亨氏3402Heinz3402	16.43^d	50.5^d	24.80^d	9.62^c	21.42^d	9.46d
亨氏3501Heinz3501	17.25^c	44.3^e	26.36^b	8.75^e	21.18^e	7.64^f
石番45Shifan45	19.73^a	61.4^a	31.46^a	11.13^a	31.57^a	12.72^a
石番56Shifan56	18.26^b	56^c	25.56^c	10.14^b	28.45^c	11.17^c
石番58Shifan58	13.93^e	41^f	12.38^e	6.60^f	16.24^f	8.79^e

表3 不同加工番茄品种平均耐压力对比

Table 3 Test results of average stress tolerance for different varieties of processing tomato

品种 Variety	平均耐压力average stress tolerance
品种 Variety	变形值 Deformation value (mm)	烂果率 Rotten fruit rate (%)	重量损失率 Weight loss rate (%)	耐压性 Pressure resistance (mm/个)
亨氏1015Heinz1015	22.6^e	6.32^d	6.0^d	3.58^b
亨氏3402Heinz3402	26.0^b	10.28^b	11.18^b	2.53^c
亨氏3501Heinz3501	26.3^b	10.17^b	11.63^b	2.59^c
石番45Shifan45	27.7^a	2.04^e	2.24^e	13.58^a
石番56Shifan56	24.3^c	8.25^c	9.08^c	2.95^c
石番58Shifan58	23.1^d	18.92^a	13.51^a	1.22^d

图3 加工番茄耐压力测定示意注:图A为加工番茄单果耐压力测定示意图;图B为加工番茄平均耐压力测定示意图(以亨氏3402为例)

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of test results of processing tomato stress tolerance Note: Picture A is the test result of single tomato stress resistance; Picture B is the test result of average tomato stress resistance (Heinz 3402 as an example)

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