不同土地利用方式下土壤养分特征变化分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质及土壤养分元素特征的变化规律。【方法】在阿克苏地区采集小麦地、枣园、枣麦间作园、荒地枣园和撂荒地等5种典型的土地利用方式下的土壤,运用土壤化学分析方法,测定土壤有机质及氮磷钾等含量。【结果】各土壤养分指标在不同土地利用方式下变异系数为0.92%94.00%,均为中等空间变异性。由农田更替为枣园及枣麦间作后,提高了各层土壤有机质含量,其中020 cm土层各层土壤有机质均显著提高(P<0.05)。由荒地改建为枣园后,各层土壤有机质均有提高,其中010 cm、2030 cm土层显著提高(P<0.05)。0100 cm土层各养分元素含量和有机质含量均随土壤深度的增加而逐渐减少。土壤有机质、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均表现为枣麦间作园>枣园>小麦地>荒地枣园>荒地,全氮表现为枣园>枣麦间作园>小麦>荒地枣园>荒地。土壤有机质与土壤各养分元素之间存在着显著正相关关系。【结论】阿克苏地区农田或荒地改建为枣园或枣麦间作园后,均有利于提高土壤有机质及土壤肥力。

关键词: 土地利用方式; 土壤有机质; 养分元素; 枣园; 枣麦间作园

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the changes of soil organic matter and soil nutrient element characteristics under different land use patterns in Akesu, Xinjiang.【Method】 In the Aksu area, the soils of five typical land use patterns such as sole wheat, jujube wheat intercropping, sole jujube, sole jujube in wasteland, and wasteland were collected to determine the soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents by soil chemical analysis method.【Results】 The coefficient of the spatial variation of the soil nutrient elements in this study area under different land use patterns was between 0.92% and 94.00%, all of which are medium spatial variability.After the conversion of farmland to orchard or agroforestry, the soil organic matter content of each layer was increased, but it was increased significantly (P<0.05) only in each layer of 0-20 cm soil layer.After the transition from wasteland to orchard, the soil organic matter of all layers increased, and the soil layers 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm increased significantly (P<0.05).The contents of soil nutrient elements and soil organic matter in the 0-100 cm soil layer were decreased gradually with the increase of soil depth.The content of soil organic matter, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were all shown as follows: Jujube wheat intercropping > Sole jujube > Sole wheat > Sole jujube in wasteland > Wasteland.The content of soil total nitrogen was shown as follows: Sole jujube > Jujube wheat intercropping > Sole wheat > Sole jujube in wasteland > Wasteland.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between soil organic matter and soil nutrient elements.【Conclusion】 It is found that the conversion of farmland or wasteland to orchard or agroforestry increased soil organic matter and soil fertility.

Key words: land use pattern; soil organic matter; soil nutrient element; sole jujube; jujube wheat intercropping

中图分类号:

S750
S158

阿丽娅·阿力木, 丛小涵, 夏晓莹, 席丽, 王卫霞. 不同土地利用方式下土壤养分特征变化分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(4): 925-933.

Aliya Alimu, CONG Xiaohan, XIA Xiaoying, XI Li, WANG Weixia. Characteristics of Soil Nutrient under Different Land Use Patterns[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(4): 925-933.

图/表 6

表1 土壤养分指标及各指标测定[20]

Table 1 Soil nutrient index and the analysis method

指标 Analysis	方法 Analysis method
有机质OM Organic matter	重铬酸钾容量法
全氮TN Total NTN	H₂SO₄-HClO₄消煮,凯氏定氮法
全磷TP Total P	H₂SO₄-HClO₄消煮,钼锑抗分光光度法
全钾TK Total K	H₂SO₄-HClO₄消煮,火焰光度计法
碱解氮AN Available N	碱解扩散法
速效磷AP Available P	NaHCO₃浸提,钼锑抗分光光度法
速效钾AK Available K	醋酸铵浸提,火焰光度法

表2 不同土地利用方式下0100 cm土壤养分描述性统计

Table 2 Descriptive statistics of soil fertility of 0-100 cm under different land use types

养分指标 Nutrient indexes	土地利用方式 Land use types	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Mean	标准差 Std.Deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation(%)
有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	小麦	1.28	10.08	6.59^b	2.81	42.56
	枣麦间作	3.53	19.58	10.60^a	4.31	40.72
	枣园	3.78	18.01	9.40^a	3.84	40.80
	荒地枣园	0.88	6.50	3.82^c	1.61	42.19
	荒地	0.46	2.67	1.53^d	0.72	46.87
全氮 Total NTN (g/kg)	小麦	0.35	1.05	0.67^b	0.21	31.24
	枣麦间作	0.44	1.18	0.76^a	0.19	24.44
	枣园	0.52	1.31	0.82^a	0.22	26.53
	荒地枣园	0.40	0.87	0.65^b	0.11	16.82
	荒地	0.17	0.57	0.37^c	0.13	34.80
全磷 Total P (g/kg)	小麦	0.47	1.30	0.8 $9 b c$	0.21	23.70
	枣麦间作	0.68	2.10	1.16^a	0.36	30.48
	枣园	0.76	1.38	1.0 $2 a b$	0.18	17.44
	荒地枣园	0.50	1.10	0.77^c	0.13	17.52
	荒地	0.28	0.56	0.41^d	0.07	18.25
全钾 Total K (g/kg)	小麦	12.34	25.46	18.34^b	3.74	20.37
	枣麦间作	15.88	26.64	22.67^a	2.50	11.04
	枣园	15.92	26.65	22.66^a	2.71	11.96
	荒地枣园	11.14	15.94	12.38^c	1.46	11.79
	荒地	11.15	12.35	11.28^c	0.33	2.95
碱解氮 Available N (mg/kg)	小麦	48.91	146.27	94.49^b	21.21	22.44
	枣麦间作	83.57	237.53	124.48^a	36.89	29.64
	枣园	45.45	199.42	102.2 $2 a b$	32.30	31.60
	荒地枣园	19.59	138.60	76.9 $2 b c$	24.86	32.32
	荒地	24.50	108.49	51.16^c	22.68	44.34
速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	小麦	1.61	92.82	29.8 $0 b c$	28.01	94.00
	枣麦间作	3.50	154.96	53.94^a	44.67	82.82
	枣园	1.75	110.44	39.66^b	33.91	85.50
	荒地枣园	1.08	59.19	18.7 $9 c d$	17.63	93.80
	荒地	2.15	35.78	9.25^d	8.63	93.31
速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)	小麦	196.67	468.17	276.4 $0 a b$	70.33	25.44
	枣麦间作	196.67	603.91	379.83^a	115.34	30.37
	枣园	219.30	581.29	349.6 $6 a b$	83.10	23.77
	荒地枣园	128.80	422.92	236.5 $4 b c$	97.81	41.35
	荒地	106.18	241.92	141.73^c	27.31	19.27

表2 不同土地利用方式下0100 cm土壤养分描述性统计

Table 2 Descriptive statistics of soil fertility of 0-100 cm under different land use types

养分指标 Nutrient indexes	土地利用方式 Land use types	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Mean	标准差 Std.Deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation(%)
有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	小麦	1.28	10.08	6.59^b	2.81	42.56
	枣麦间作	3.53	19.58	10.60^a	4.31	40.72
	枣园	3.78	18.01	9.40^a	3.84	40.80
	荒地枣园	0.88	6.50	3.82^c	1.61	42.19
	荒地	0.46	2.67	1.53^d	0.72	46.87
全氮 Total NTN (g/kg)	小麦	0.35	1.05	0.67^b	0.21	31.24
	枣麦间作	0.44	1.18	0.76^a	0.19	24.44
	枣园	0.52	1.31	0.82^a	0.22	26.53
	荒地枣园	0.40	0.87	0.65^b	0.11	16.82
	荒地	0.17	0.57	0.37^c	0.13	34.80
全磷 Total P (g/kg)	小麦	0.47	1.30	0.8 $9 b c$	0.21	23.70
	枣麦间作	0.68	2.10	1.16^a	0.36	30.48
	枣园	0.76	1.38	1.0 $2 a b$	0.18	17.44
	荒地枣园	0.50	1.10	0.77^c	0.13	17.52
	荒地	0.28	0.56	0.41^d	0.07	18.25
全钾 Total K (g/kg)	小麦	12.34	25.46	18.34^b	3.74	20.37
	枣麦间作	15.88	26.64	22.67^a	2.50	11.04
	枣园	15.92	26.65	22.66^a	2.71	11.96
	荒地枣园	11.14	15.94	12.38^c	1.46	11.79
	荒地	11.15	12.35	11.28^c	0.33	2.95
碱解氮 Available N (mg/kg)	小麦	48.91	146.27	94.49^b	21.21	22.44
	枣麦间作	83.57	237.53	124.48^a	36.89	29.64
	枣园	45.45	199.42	102.2 $2 a b$	32.30	31.60
	荒地枣园	19.59	138.60	76.9 $2 b c$	24.86	32.32
	荒地	24.50	108.49	51.16^c	22.68	44.34
速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	小麦	1.61	92.82	29.8 $0 b c$	28.01	94.00
	枣麦间作	3.50	154.96	53.94^a	44.67	82.82
	枣园	1.75	110.44	39.66^b	33.91	85.50
	荒地枣园	1.08	59.19	18.7 $9 c d$	17.63	93.80
	荒地	2.15	35.78	9.25^d	8.63	93.31
速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)	小麦	196.67	468.17	276.4 $0 a b$	70.33	25.44
	枣麦间作	196.67	603.91	379.83^a	115.34	30.37
	枣园	219.30	581.29	349.6 $6 a b$	83.10	23.77
	荒地枣园	128.80	422.92	236.5 $4 b c$	97.81	41.35
	荒地	106.18	241.92	141.73^c	27.31	19.27

图1 不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质含量变化注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一土层不同土地利用方式之间差异显著(P<0.05),下同

Fig.1 Effects of different land use patterns on soil organic matter Notes: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate that the difference in different land use types is significant (P<0.05),the same as below

图2 不同土地利用方式下土壤全量养分含量变化

Fig.2 Effects of different land use patterns on soil total nutrient

图3 不同土地利用方式下土壤速效养分含量变化

Fig.3 Effects of different land use patterns on soil available nutrient

表3 土壤养分含量之间的相关性

Table 3 The correlation of soil nutrients

指标Variable	有机质 Organic matter	全氮 Total N	全磷 Total P	全钾 Total K	碱解氮 Available N	速效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K
有机质Organic matter	1
全氮 Total NTN	0.846^**	1
全磷TP Total P	0.867^**	0.753^**	1
全钾TK Total K	0.844^**	0.686^**	0.796^**	1
碱解氮ANAvailable N	0.840^**	0.839^**	0.731^**	0.693^**	1
速效磷AP确Available P	0.860^**	0.824^**	0.791^**	0.646^**	0.804^**	1
速效钾AK Available K	0.844^**	0.746^**	0.751^**	0.725^**	0.719^**	0.721^**	1

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