吐鲁番火焰山南麓农田生态区土壤螨类群落多样性

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.03.025

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (3): 744-758.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.03.025

• 草业·林业·土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

吐鲁番火焰山南麓农田生态区土壤螨类群落多样性

买尔旦·艾斯卡尔(), 吾玛尔·阿布力孜(), 牙克甫·艾散江, 阿丽亚·司地克

新疆大学生命科学与技术学院/新疆生物资源基因工程国家重点实验室培育基地,乌鲁木齐 830046

收稿日期:2021-07-02 出版日期:2022-03-20 发布日期:2022-03-28
通信作者: 吾玛尔·阿布力孜
作者简介:买尔旦·艾斯卡尔(1992-),男,新疆柯坪县人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤螨类生态学,(E-mail) 2473570070@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“新疆吐鲁番盆地土壤螨类区系分类及生态学研究”(31560588);国家自然科学基金“新疆准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤螨类群落多样性研究”(40961018);国家自然科学基金“准噶尔盆地西南缘山地-绿洲-荒漠生态系统土壤螨类区系时空动态及其作用机制研究”(41361052)

Study on the Community Diversity of Soil Mites in the Agroecosystem at the Southern Foothill of Flaming Mountain in Xinjiang, China

Mardan Askar(), Omar Abliz(), Yakup Hasanjan, Aliya Sidik

College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University/Xinjiang Key Laboratoy of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

Received:2021-07-02 Online:2022-03-20 Published:2022-03-28
Correspondence author: Omar Abliz
Supported by:
Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Study on Classification and Ecology of Soil Mite Region in Turpan Basin, Xinjiang"(31560588);National Natural Science Foundation of China "Study on Diversity of Soil Mite Communities in Oasis-Desert Ecotone Of Southeast Margin of Junggar Basin, Xinjiang"(40961018);National Natural Science Foundation of China "Study on Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Mechanism of Soil Mite Fauna in Mountain-Oasis-Desert Ecosystem of Southwest Margin of Junggar Basin"(41361052)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究火焰山南麓农业生态系统不同土地利用类型生境对土壤螨类群落多样性的影响,为农业生态系统土壤生物多样性保护提供科学依据。【方法】采用野外采样和改良的Tullgren法对吐鲁番火焰山南麓农业生态系统10种土地利用类型生境土壤螨类群落多样性特征进行比较分析。【结果】共采集土壤螨类 21 195头标本,隶属于4亚目68科100属,其中长单翼甲螨属Protoribates为优势类群,Berniniella Balogh,1983和Monogalumnella Mahunka,1986为中国新纪录属。不同土地利用类型生境土壤螨类个体数、类群数及多样性指标之间均有显著差异( P<0.05),其中葡萄园多样性最高,而荒漠最低;群落多样性存在季节差异,秋季最高,而夏季最低少。捕食性螨类以K选择型为主,甲螨主要为O型和P型。【结论】不同土地利用类型螨类群落多样性指标之间存在显著差异,地表凋落物和人为干扰是影响该区土壤螨类群落多样性的主要因素。

关键词: 农业生态系统; 土地利用类型; 土壤螨类; 群落多样性

Abstract:

【Objective】 Tto find out the effects of different land use type habitats on soil mite community diversity in agroecosystem at the southwest margin of Flaming Mountain in the hope of providing scientific basis for the protection of soil biodiversity, sustainable development and biological evaluation of environmental quality. 【Methods】 The diversity characteristics of soil mite communities in ten land use types of agroecosystem in the southwest margin of Flaming Mountain in Turpan were analyzed by field sampling and improved Tullgren method. The improved Tullgren method and morphological classification method were used to classify the soil mites and analyze the characteristics of community structure. 【Results】 A total of 21,195 soil mites were collected, belonging to 100 genera, 68 families and 4 suborders, among which, Protoribates was the dominant group, and Berniniella Balogh, 1983 and Monogalumnella Mahunka,1986 were newly recorded genera in China. There were significant differences in the number of individuals, groups and diversity indices of soil mites in different habitats of land use types (P< 0.05), in which the diversity of vineyards was the highest, while that of desert was the lowest. There were seasonal differences in community diversity, with the highest in autumn and the lowest in summer. The main predatory mites were K-selection type, and oribatid mites were O-type and P-type. 【Conclusion】 The results show that there are significant differences in the diversity indexes of mite communities among different land use types, and the main factors affecting the diversity of soil mite communities are surface litter and human disturbance.

Key words: agroecosystem; land use type; soil mites; community diversity

中图分类号:

Q969
S154.3

买尔旦·艾斯卡尔, 吾玛尔·阿布力孜, 牙克甫·艾散江, 阿丽亚·司地克. 吐鲁番火焰山南麓农田生态区土壤螨类群落多样性[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(3): 744-758.

Mardan Askar, Omar Abliz, Yakup Hasanjan, Aliya Sidik. Study on the Community Diversity of Soil Mites in the Agroecosystem at the Southern Foothill of Flaming Mountain in Xinjiang, China[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(3): 744-758.

图/表 10

表1 吐鲁番火焰山南麓农业生态系统调查地点

Table 1 Summary of survey sites in agroecosystem at the south of Huoyan Mountains

土地利用类型 Land-use type	经度 Longitude (N)	纬度 Latitude (E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	土壤类型 Soil type	主要植被类型 Dominate vegetation
防护林-Ⅰ Shelter forest	42° 56'28″~42°56'30″	89° 8'15″~89° 8'17″	38±12	风沙土	杨树、旱柳、桑树、白榆、沙枣等
葡萄园-Ⅱ Vineyard	42° 57'26″~42° 57'29″	89° 8'11″~89° 8'14″	40±3	灌溉土	葡萄树、早熟禾、马齿苋、杂草等
杏园-Ⅲ Apricot garden	42° 53'49″~42° 53'51″	89° 8'56″~89° 8'60″	-48±8	灰褐土	杏树、苜蓿、早熟禾、杂草等
菜地-Ⅳ Vegetable field	42° 55'33″~42° 55'34″	89° 8'36″~89° 8'37″	-5±4	灌溉土	韭菜、豇豆、辣椒、西红柿等
耕地-Ⅴ Farm land	42° 55'44″~42° 55'47″	89° 8'59″~89° 8'62″	2±8	灌耕土	棉花、玉米、小麦、高粱、孜然等
苜蓿地-Ⅵ Alfalfa field	42° 43'21"~42° 43'23"	89° 40'55″~89°40'58″	28±6	灰漠土	苜蓿、芦苇、甘草等
草地-Ⅶ Grassland	42° 53'49″~42° 53'51″	89° 8'56″~89° 8'59″	-88±8	棕漠土	芦苇、甘草、早熟禾、骆驼刺等。
灌木林-Ⅷ Shrub land	42° 53'48″~42° 53'51″	89°8'32″~89° 8'36″	-67±3	荒漠灰钙土	柽柳、白刺、琵琶柴、骆驼刺等
荒漠戈壁-Ⅸ Desert gobi	42° 25'31″~42° 25'35″	89°11'39″~89°11'44″	15±3	风沙土	老鼠瓜、假木贼、独尾草等
温室大鹏-Ⅹ Greenhouse	42° 55'37″~42° 55'39″	89° 8'34″~89° 8'37″	-3±3	栗钙土	韭菜、香菜、黄瓜、辣椒、西红柿等

表2 火焰山南麓农业生态系统土壤螨类分布

Table 2 Distribution of soil mites in agroecosystem at the south of Huoyan Mountain

属名 Genera	土地利用类型 Land use type
属名 Genera	Ⅰ	Ⅱ				Ⅲ				Ⅳ			Ⅴ		Ⅵ	Ⅶ				Ⅷ			Ⅸ			Ⅹ				合计 Total				平均密度 Average density				占比 Percentage (%)		优势度 Abundance
古甲螨属Palaeacarus	45	31				45				77			32		4	1				24			4			0				263				1 184±263				1.24		++
直卷甲螨属Archoplophora	0	45				18				0			0		0	31				0			0			0				94				423±94				0.44		++
小缝甲螨属Hypochthonius	0	0				0				17			14		0	18				0			0			0				49				220.5±49				0.23		+
广缝甲螨属Cosmochthonius	61	26				4				11			5		9	7				7			0			1				131				589.5±131				0.62		++
滑缝甲螨属Liochthonius	46	29				0				12			0		0	0				51			0			0				138				621±138				0.65		++
小瓣卷甲螨属Hoplophorella	0	0				2				0			0		0	31				0			0			0				33				148.5±33				0.16		+
三皱甲螨属Rhysotritia	290	156				41				1			64		0	41				84			0			0				677				3 046±677				3.19		+
混居甲螨属Mixacarus	0	22				22				21			0		0	0				0			0			0				65				292.5±65				0.31		++
罗甲螨属Lohmannia	12	80				36				60			29		0	13				0			0			51				281				1 265±281				1.33		+
毛罗甲螨属Vepracarus	3	31				22				0			0		0	0				0			0			0				56				252±56				0.26		+
全罗甲螨属Perlohmannia	2	17				5				3			1		0	0				0			0			0				28				126±28				0.13		+
懒甲螨属Nothrus	21	90				51				22			12		0	33				0			0			15				244				1 098±244				1.15		+
上罗甲螨属Epilohmannia	86	123				85				5			2		12	65				74			28			13				493				2 219±493				2.33		+
洼甲螨属Camisia	5	48				2				23			18		0	4				65			0			2				167				752±167				0.79		+
礼服甲螨属Trhypochthonius	162	87				129				54			51		45	99				23			21			72				743				3 344±743				3.51		++
叶赫甲螨属Phyllhermannia	13	8				0				0			0		0	0				0			0			1				22				99±22				0.10		+
珠足甲螨属Belba	0	15				27				0			0		0	0				0			0			11				53				238.5±53				0.25		+
表珠甲螨属Epidamaeus	13	59				7				3			0		0	1				16			0			1				100				450±100				0.47		++
珠甲螨属Damaeus	0	71				0				0			0		0	32				61			0			0				164				738±164				0.77		++
藓甲螨属Cepheus	34	0				0				0			0		0	0				42			0			0				76				342±76				0.36		+
沙甲螨属Eremulus	45	4				19				0			0		0	22				18			0			0				108				486±108				0.51		+
裂板鳃甲螨属Plasmobates	33	39				0				0			0		0	0				0			0			0				72				324±72				0.34		+
窝甲螨属Fosseremus	0	52				29				0			0		0	0				0			0			22				103				464±103				0.49		+
沙足甲螨属Eremobelba	13	0				0				0			0		0	0				0			0			0				13				58.5±13				0.06		++
龙足甲螨属 Eremaeus	39	46				10				12			3		1	12				9			2			31				165				742.5±165				0.78		++
跳甲螨属Zetorchestes	0	1				3				30			33		0	0				35			0			0				102				459±102				0.48		+
丽甲螨属Liacarus	94	99				42				0			0		13	0				31			0			0				279				1 256±279				1.32		++
属名 Genera	土地利用类型 Land use type
属名 Genera	Ⅰ		Ⅱ			Ⅲ				Ⅳ			Ⅴ		Ⅵ						Ⅶ	Ⅷ			Ⅸ				Ⅹ				合计 Total				平均密度 Average density		占比 Percentage (%)		优势度 Abundance
步甲螨属Carabides	48		1			19				13			0		0						0	0			0				0				81				364.5±81		0.38		++
盖头甲螨属Tectocepheus	59		41			110				43			79		67						2	64			0				46				511				2 299±511		2.41		++
小奥甲螨属Oppiella	73		135			30				63			20		0						5	0			0				11				337				1 516±337		1.59		+
奥甲螨属Oppia	1		34			110				24			41		0						10	0			0				19				239				1 076±239		1.13		+
多奥甲螨属Multioppia	0		0			0				4			0		0						33	25			14				0				76				342±76		0.36		++
拉奥甲螨属Lauroppia	0		0			0				0			16		0						0	0			0				0				16				72±16		0.08		+
四奥甲螨属Quadroppia	34		84			51				0			0		0						0	65			0				0				234				1 053±234		1.10		+
下盾甲螨属Hypovertex	0		31			32				0			0		0						22	0			0				0				85				382.5±85		0.40		++
副大翼甲螨属Parakalumma	35		29			0				0			0		0						0	0			0				0				64				288±64		0.30		+
原大翼甲螨属Protokalumma	55		98			33				0			26		0						25	72			0				0				309				1 391±309		1.46		+
长单翼甲螨属Protoribates	1334		275			142				64			240		212						221	86			19				31				2 624				11 808±2 624		12.38		+
若甲螨属Oribatula	226		231			199				132			94		54						97	261			125				162				1 581				7 115±1 581		7.46		+
合若甲螨属Zygoribatula	156		148			115				94			20		25						75	76			0				31				740				3 330±740		3.49		+
角单翼甲螨属Rostrozetes	0		0			0				0			1		0						0	0			0				0				1				4.5±1		0.00		++
圆单翼甲螨属Peloribates	39		25			0				0			0		0						0	0			0				15				79				355.5±79		0.37		+++
菌甲螨属Scheloribates	94		261			135				71			46		31						109	84			24				69				924				4 158±924		4.36		++
尖棱甲螨属Ceratozetes	230		341			174				81			119		56						512	38			18				78				1 647				7 412±1 647		7.77		++
小甲螨属Oribatella	0		89			74				25			0		0						0	95			0				0				283				1 274±283		1.34		+
大翼甲螨属Galumna	11		56			25				24			15		0						17	4			0				17				169				761±169		0.80		+
全大翼甲螨属Pergalumna	28		32			19				0			0		0						0	0			0				25				104				468±104		0.49		+
MonogalumnellaMahunka,1986	139		32			45				0			0		0						0	0			0				0				216				972±216		1.02		+
Berniniella Balogh,1983	37		0			25				0			35		0						0	26			0				0				123				554±123		0.58		+
厉螨属Laelaps	54		17			3				0			0		0						6	33			1				0				114				513±114		0.54		+
下盾螨属Hypoaspis	0		0			0				0			0		60						21	0			1				0				82				369±82		0.39		+
土厉螨属Ololaelaps	24		26			10				0			0		0						12	0			0				0				72				324±72		0.34		+
上厉螨属Hyperlaelaps	18		31			14				31			46		6						17	51			0				31				245				1 103±245		1.16		++
维螨属Veigaia	20		56			119				25			19		22						19	29			17				9				335				1 508±335		1.58		++
属名 Genera	土地利用类型 Land use type
属名 Genera	Ⅰ				Ⅱ	Ⅲ			Ⅳ			Ⅴ			Ⅵ			Ⅶ			Ⅷ			Ⅸ				Ⅹ			合计 Total				平均密度 Average density			占比 Percentage (%)		优势度 Abundance
革厉螨属Gamasolaelaps	31				92	186			6			13			5			16			12			0				6			367				1 652±367			1.73		++
派盾螨属Parholaspis	18				64	9			18			0			0			0			0			0				0			109				491±109			0.51		+
派伦螨属Parholaspulus	11				12	13			0			21			0			0			0			0				0			57				257±57			0.27		+
尾足螨属Uroplitella	47				66	18			7			0			0			54			39			0				0			231				1 039±231			1.09		++
尾绥螨属Uroseius	16				17	12			0			0			0			13			0			0				0			58				261±58			0.27		+
植绥螨属Phytoseius	49				50	19			4			37			19			36			66			1				9			290				1 305±290			1.37		++
足角螨属Podocinum	32				36	17			54			0			0			10			0			0				0			149				670.5±149			0.70		+
虫穴螨属Zercon	0				41	74			16			24			0			0			0			0				16			171				769.5±171			0.81		+
双革螨属Digamasellus	0				22	25			0			29			0			0			22			26				29			153				689±153			0.72		+
新曲厉螨属Neocypholaelaps	66				0	0			0			0			43			0			0			0				0			109				491±109			0.51		+
美绥螨属Ameroseius	15				0	15			14			12			0			3			0			0				0			59				266±59			0.28		+
拟表刻螨属Epicriopsis	16				0	0			0			0			0			0			0			0				0			16				72±16			0.08		+
寄螨属Parasitus	0				20	24			0			54			0			0			0			0				12			110				495±110			0.52		+
手绥螨属Cheiroseius	15				0	0			1			2			0			2			0			1				0			21				94.5±21			0.10		+
毛绥螨属Lasioseius	46				44	0			0			55			19			0			95			1				0			260				1 170±260			1.23		++
肛厉螨属Proctolaelaps	41				53	13			0			0			0			34			0			1				0			142				639±142			0.67		+
角绥螨属Antennoseius	24				22	0			0			0			0			0			0			0				0			46				207±46			0.22		+
滑绥螨属Leioseius	29				0	0			0			0			0			0			0			0				0			29				131±29			0.14		+
囊螨属Asca	23				0	0			0			0			0			0			0			0				0			23				103.5±23			0.11		+
巨刺螨属Macronyssus	14				16	12			0			0			0			25			0			0				0			67				302±67			0.32		+
巨螯螨属Macrocheles	12				11	12			0			0			0			14			0			0				0			49				221±49			0.23		+
表刻螨属Epicrius	110				0	0			0			0			0			19			0			0				0			129				581±129			0.61		+
禽刺螨属Ornithonyssus	37				2	0			13			47			0			0			0			0				0			99				446±99			0.47		+
异伊螨属Alliphis	0				0	0			0			0			0			43			0			0				0			43				194±43			0.20		+
胭螨属Rhodacarus	0				11	11			0			0			0			0			0			0				0			22				99±22			0.10		+
厚厉螨属Pachylaelaps	149				270	319			46			164			7			126			111			14				46			1 252				5 634±1 252			5.91		++
异绒螨属Allothrombium	3				0	1			0			0			0			1			0			0				0			5				22.5±5			0.02		+
属名 Genera	土地利用类型 Land use type
属名 Genera	Ⅰ			Ⅱ			Ⅲ	Ⅳ			Ⅴ			Ⅵ			Ⅶ		Ⅷ			Ⅸ					Ⅹ					合计 Total				平均密度 Average density		占比 Percentage (%)		优势度 Abundance
拉绒螨属Lassenia	0			0			0	0			6			0			0		0			0					0					6				27±6		0.03		+
叶爪螨属Penthaleus	27			20			0	0			8			0			0		0			24					7					86				387±86		0.41		+
副帮佐螨属Parabonzia	0			13			0	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					13				58.5±13		0.06		+
巨须螨属Cunaxa	3			5			0	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					8				36±8		0.04		+
拟巨须螨Cunaxoides	0			19			0	0			0			0			0		0			0					7					26				117±26		0.12		+
新拟巨须螨属Neocunaxoides	18			18			0	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					36				162±36		0.17		+
半扇毛螨属Hemicheyletia	0			0			0	0			0			0			8		0			0					0					8				36±8		0.04		+
肉食螨属Cheyletus	0			0			0	0			0			0			0		33			0					0					33				148.5±33		0.16		+
长须螨属Stigmaeus	0			18			11	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					29				130.5±29		0.14		+
始叶螨属Eotetranychus	24			0			0	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					24				108±24		0.11		+
拟叶螨属Tetranycopsis	0			0			15	0			0			21			0		0			0					0					36				162±36		0.17		+
叶螨属Tetranychus	24			0			60	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					84				378±84		0.40		+
镰螯螨属Tydeus	0			0			8	0			0			11			0		0			0					0					19				85.5±19		0.09		+
盾螨属Scutaracus	2			58			31	3			0			0			15		0			0					98					207				932±207		0.98		+
根螨属Rhizoglyphus	0			1			11	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					12				54±12		0.06		+
食粉螨属Aleuroglyphus	32			66			52	17			13			0			29		12			0					11					232				1 044±232		1.09		++
脂螨属Lardoglyphus	0			11			11	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					22				99±22		0.10		+
食酪螨属Tyrophagus	29			26			20	81			0			0			28		0			3					0					187				841.5±187		0.88		+
嗜渣螨属Chortoglyphus	32			0			0	12			0			0			0		7			0					0					51				229.5±51		0.24		+
个体数	4 727			4 356			3 082	1 337			1 566			742			2 089		1 946			345					1 005					21 195				95 801±21 195		100
类群数	72			75			68	44			42			23			51		39			21					35					100						1.24

表2 火焰山南麓农业生态系统土壤螨类分布

Table 2 Distribution of soil mites in agroecosystem at the south of Huoyan Mountain

属名 Genera	土地利用类型 Land use type
属名 Genera	Ⅰ	Ⅱ				Ⅲ				Ⅳ			Ⅴ		Ⅵ	Ⅶ				Ⅷ			Ⅸ			Ⅹ				合计 Total				平均密度 Average density				占比 Percentage (%)		优势度 Abundance
古甲螨属Palaeacarus	45	31				45				77			32		4	1				24			4			0				263				1 184±263				1.24		++
直卷甲螨属Archoplophora	0	45				18				0			0		0	31				0			0			0				94				423±94				0.44		++
小缝甲螨属Hypochthonius	0	0				0				17			14		0	18				0			0			0				49				220.5±49				0.23		+
广缝甲螨属Cosmochthonius	61	26				4				11			5		9	7				7			0			1				131				589.5±131				0.62		++
滑缝甲螨属Liochthonius	46	29				0				12			0		0	0				51			0			0				138				621±138				0.65		++
小瓣卷甲螨属Hoplophorella	0	0				2				0			0		0	31				0			0			0				33				148.5±33				0.16		+
三皱甲螨属Rhysotritia	290	156				41				1			64		0	41				84			0			0				677				3 046±677				3.19		+
混居甲螨属Mixacarus	0	22				22				21			0		0	0				0			0			0				65				292.5±65				0.31		++
罗甲螨属Lohmannia	12	80				36				60			29		0	13				0			0			51				281				1 265±281				1.33		+
毛罗甲螨属Vepracarus	3	31				22				0			0		0	0				0			0			0				56				252±56				0.26		+
全罗甲螨属Perlohmannia	2	17				5				3			1		0	0				0			0			0				28				126±28				0.13		+
懒甲螨属Nothrus	21	90				51				22			12		0	33				0			0			15				244				1 098±244				1.15		+
上罗甲螨属Epilohmannia	86	123				85				5			2		12	65				74			28			13				493				2 219±493				2.33		+
洼甲螨属Camisia	5	48				2				23			18		0	4				65			0			2				167				752±167				0.79		+
礼服甲螨属Trhypochthonius	162	87				129				54			51		45	99				23			21			72				743				3 344±743				3.51		++
叶赫甲螨属Phyllhermannia	13	8				0				0			0		0	0				0			0			1				22				99±22				0.10		+
珠足甲螨属Belba	0	15				27				0			0		0	0				0			0			11				53				238.5±53				0.25		+
表珠甲螨属Epidamaeus	13	59				7				3			0		0	1				16			0			1				100				450±100				0.47		++
珠甲螨属Damaeus	0	71				0				0			0		0	32				61			0			0				164				738±164				0.77		++
藓甲螨属Cepheus	34	0				0				0			0		0	0				42			0			0				76				342±76				0.36		+
沙甲螨属Eremulus	45	4				19				0			0		0	22				18			0			0				108				486±108				0.51		+
裂板鳃甲螨属Plasmobates	33	39				0				0			0		0	0				0			0			0				72				324±72				0.34		+
窝甲螨属Fosseremus	0	52				29				0			0		0	0				0			0			22				103				464±103				0.49		+
沙足甲螨属Eremobelba	13	0				0				0			0		0	0				0			0			0				13				58.5±13				0.06		++
龙足甲螨属 Eremaeus	39	46				10				12			3		1	12				9			2			31				165				742.5±165				0.78		++
跳甲螨属Zetorchestes	0	1				3				30			33		0	0				35			0			0				102				459±102				0.48		+
丽甲螨属Liacarus	94	99				42				0			0		13	0				31			0			0				279				1 256±279				1.32		++
属名 Genera	土地利用类型 Land use type
属名 Genera	Ⅰ		Ⅱ			Ⅲ				Ⅳ			Ⅴ		Ⅵ						Ⅶ	Ⅷ			Ⅸ				Ⅹ				合计 Total				平均密度 Average density		占比 Percentage (%)		优势度 Abundance
步甲螨属Carabides	48		1			19				13			0		0						0	0			0				0				81				364.5±81		0.38		++
盖头甲螨属Tectocepheus	59		41			110				43			79		67						2	64			0				46				511				2 299±511		2.41		++
小奥甲螨属Oppiella	73		135			30				63			20		0						5	0			0				11				337				1 516±337		1.59		+
奥甲螨属Oppia	1		34			110				24			41		0						10	0			0				19				239				1 076±239		1.13		+
多奥甲螨属Multioppia	0		0			0				4			0		0						33	25			14				0				76				342±76		0.36		++
拉奥甲螨属Lauroppia	0		0			0				0			16		0						0	0			0				0				16				72±16		0.08		+
四奥甲螨属Quadroppia	34		84			51				0			0		0						0	65			0				0				234				1 053±234		1.10		+
下盾甲螨属Hypovertex	0		31			32				0			0		0						22	0			0				0				85				382.5±85		0.40		++
副大翼甲螨属Parakalumma	35		29			0				0			0		0						0	0			0				0				64				288±64		0.30		+
原大翼甲螨属Protokalumma	55		98			33				0			26		0						25	72			0				0				309				1 391±309		1.46		+
长单翼甲螨属Protoribates	1334		275			142				64			240		212						221	86			19				31				2 624				11 808±2 624		12.38		+
若甲螨属Oribatula	226		231			199				132			94		54						97	261			125				162				1 581				7 115±1 581		7.46		+
合若甲螨属Zygoribatula	156		148			115				94			20		25						75	76			0				31				740				3 330±740		3.49		+
角单翼甲螨属Rostrozetes	0		0			0				0			1		0						0	0			0				0				1				4.5±1		0.00		++
圆单翼甲螨属Peloribates	39		25			0				0			0		0						0	0			0				15				79				355.5±79		0.37		+++
菌甲螨属Scheloribates	94		261			135				71			46		31						109	84			24				69				924				4 158±924		4.36		++
尖棱甲螨属Ceratozetes	230		341			174				81			119		56						512	38			18				78				1 647				7 412±1 647		7.77		++
小甲螨属Oribatella	0		89			74				25			0		0						0	95			0				0				283				1 274±283		1.34		+
大翼甲螨属Galumna	11		56			25				24			15		0						17	4			0				17				169				761±169		0.80		+
全大翼甲螨属Pergalumna	28		32			19				0			0		0						0	0			0				25				104				468±104		0.49		+
MonogalumnellaMahunka,1986	139		32			45				0			0		0						0	0			0				0				216				972±216		1.02		+
Berniniella Balogh,1983	37		0			25				0			35		0						0	26			0				0				123				554±123		0.58		+
厉螨属Laelaps	54		17			3				0			0		0						6	33			1				0				114				513±114		0.54		+
下盾螨属Hypoaspis	0		0			0				0			0		60						21	0			1				0				82				369±82		0.39		+
土厉螨属Ololaelaps	24		26			10				0			0		0						12	0			0				0				72				324±72		0.34		+
上厉螨属Hyperlaelaps	18		31			14				31			46		6						17	51			0				31				245				1 103±245		1.16		++
维螨属Veigaia	20		56			119				25			19		22						19	29			17				9				335				1 508±335		1.58		++
属名 Genera	土地利用类型 Land use type
属名 Genera	Ⅰ				Ⅱ	Ⅲ			Ⅳ			Ⅴ			Ⅵ			Ⅶ			Ⅷ			Ⅸ				Ⅹ			合计 Total				平均密度 Average density			占比 Percentage (%)		优势度 Abundance
革厉螨属Gamasolaelaps	31				92	186			6			13			5			16			12			0				6			367				1 652±367			1.73		++
派盾螨属Parholaspis	18				64	9			18			0			0			0			0			0				0			109				491±109			0.51		+
派伦螨属Parholaspulus	11				12	13			0			21			0			0			0			0				0			57				257±57			0.27		+
尾足螨属Uroplitella	47				66	18			7			0			0			54			39			0				0			231				1 039±231			1.09		++
尾绥螨属Uroseius	16				17	12			0			0			0			13			0			0				0			58				261±58			0.27		+
植绥螨属Phytoseius	49				50	19			4			37			19			36			66			1				9			290				1 305±290			1.37		++
足角螨属Podocinum	32				36	17			54			0			0			10			0			0				0			149				670.5±149			0.70		+
虫穴螨属Zercon	0				41	74			16			24			0			0			0			0				16			171				769.5±171			0.81		+
双革螨属Digamasellus	0				22	25			0			29			0			0			22			26				29			153				689±153			0.72		+
新曲厉螨属Neocypholaelaps	66				0	0			0			0			43			0			0			0				0			109				491±109			0.51		+
美绥螨属Ameroseius	15				0	15			14			12			0			3			0			0				0			59				266±59			0.28		+
拟表刻螨属Epicriopsis	16				0	0			0			0			0			0			0			0				0			16				72±16			0.08		+
寄螨属Parasitus	0				20	24			0			54			0			0			0			0				12			110				495±110			0.52		+
手绥螨属Cheiroseius	15				0	0			1			2			0			2			0			1				0			21				94.5±21			0.10		+
毛绥螨属Lasioseius	46				44	0			0			55			19			0			95			1				0			260				1 170±260			1.23		++
肛厉螨属Proctolaelaps	41				53	13			0			0			0			34			0			1				0			142				639±142			0.67		+
角绥螨属Antennoseius	24				22	0			0			0			0			0			0			0				0			46				207±46			0.22		+
滑绥螨属Leioseius	29				0	0			0			0			0			0			0			0				0			29				131±29			0.14		+
囊螨属Asca	23				0	0			0			0			0			0			0			0				0			23				103.5±23			0.11		+
巨刺螨属Macronyssus	14				16	12			0			0			0			25			0			0				0			67				302±67			0.32		+
巨螯螨属Macrocheles	12				11	12			0			0			0			14			0			0				0			49				221±49			0.23		+
表刻螨属Epicrius	110				0	0			0			0			0			19			0			0				0			129				581±129			0.61		+
禽刺螨属Ornithonyssus	37				2	0			13			47			0			0			0			0				0			99				446±99			0.47		+
异伊螨属Alliphis	0				0	0			0			0			0			43			0			0				0			43				194±43			0.20		+
胭螨属Rhodacarus	0				11	11			0			0			0			0			0			0				0			22				99±22			0.10		+
厚厉螨属Pachylaelaps	149				270	319			46			164			7			126			111			14				46			1 252				5 634±1 252			5.91		++
异绒螨属Allothrombium	3				0	1			0			0			0			1			0			0				0			5				22.5±5			0.02		+
属名 Genera	土地利用类型 Land use type
属名 Genera	Ⅰ			Ⅱ			Ⅲ	Ⅳ			Ⅴ			Ⅵ			Ⅶ		Ⅷ			Ⅸ					Ⅹ					合计 Total				平均密度 Average density		占比 Percentage (%)		优势度 Abundance
拉绒螨属Lassenia	0			0			0	0			6			0			0		0			0					0					6				27±6		0.03		+
叶爪螨属Penthaleus	27			20			0	0			8			0			0		0			24					7					86				387±86		0.41		+
副帮佐螨属Parabonzia	0			13			0	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					13				58.5±13		0.06		+
巨须螨属Cunaxa	3			5			0	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					8				36±8		0.04		+
拟巨须螨Cunaxoides	0			19			0	0			0			0			0		0			0					7					26				117±26		0.12		+
新拟巨须螨属Neocunaxoides	18			18			0	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					36				162±36		0.17		+
半扇毛螨属Hemicheyletia	0			0			0	0			0			0			8		0			0					0					8				36±8		0.04		+
肉食螨属Cheyletus	0			0			0	0			0			0			0		33			0					0					33				148.5±33		0.16		+
长须螨属Stigmaeus	0			18			11	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					29				130.5±29		0.14		+
始叶螨属Eotetranychus	24			0			0	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					24				108±24		0.11		+
拟叶螨属Tetranycopsis	0			0			15	0			0			21			0		0			0					0					36				162±36		0.17		+
叶螨属Tetranychus	24			0			60	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					84				378±84		0.40		+
镰螯螨属Tydeus	0			0			8	0			0			11			0		0			0					0					19				85.5±19		0.09		+
盾螨属Scutaracus	2			58			31	3			0			0			15		0			0					98					207				932±207		0.98		+
根螨属Rhizoglyphus	0			1			11	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					12				54±12		0.06		+
食粉螨属Aleuroglyphus	32			66			52	17			13			0			29		12			0					11					232				1 044±232		1.09		++
脂螨属Lardoglyphus	0			11			11	0			0			0			0		0			0					0					22				99±22		0.10		+
食酪螨属Tyrophagus	29			26			20	81			0			0			28		0			3					0					187				841.5±187		0.88		+
嗜渣螨属Chortoglyphus	32			0			0	12			0			0			0		7			0					0					51				229.5±51		0.24		+
个体数	4 727			4 356			3 082	1 337			1 566			742			2 089		1 946			345					1 005					21 195				95 801±21 195		100
类群数	72			75			68	44			42			23			51		39			21					35					100						1.24

图1 土壤螨类群落的垂直分布

Fig.1 Vertical distribution of soil mite community

图2 土壤螨类群落的季节变化

Fig.2 Seasonal variation of soil mite community

表3 土壤螨类群落多样性

Table 3 Community diversity of soil mites

多样性指标 Diversity indices	土地利用类型 Land use types
多样性指标 Diversity indices	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ	Ⅶ	Ⅷ	Ⅸ	Ⅹ
多样性指数 ( $H ¯$ ) Diversity index ( $H ¯$ )	3.302 4	3.812 5	3.633 3	3.343 5	3.203 8	2.546 2	3.096 1	3.335 1	2.152 7	3.043 0
丰富度指数 (M) Richness index (M)	8.391 4	8.831 3	8.340 2	5.973 7	5.573 5	3.328 6	6.540 7	5.017 5	3.422 6	4.918 5
均匀度指数 (E) Eveness index (E)	0.772 2	0.883 0	0.861 1	0.883 5	0.857 2	0.812 1	0.787 4	0.910 3	0.707 1	0.855 9
优势度指数 (C) Dominant index (C)	0.096 7	0.031 7	0.038 5	0.044 7	0.059 3	0.121 4	0.089 2	0.046 5	0.168 7	0.066 2

表3 土壤螨类群落多样性

Table 3 Community diversity of soil mites

多样性指标 Diversity indices	土地利用类型 Land use types
多样性指标 Diversity indices	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ	Ⅶ	Ⅷ	Ⅸ	Ⅹ
多样性指数 ( $H ¯$ ) Diversity index ( $H ¯$ )	3.302 4	3.812 5	3.633 3	3.343 5	3.203 8	2.546 2	3.096 1	3.335 1	2.152 7	3.043 0
丰富度指数 (M) Richness index (M)	8.391 4	8.831 3	8.340 2	5.973 7	5.573 5	3.328 6	6.540 7	5.017 5	3.422 6	4.918 5
均匀度指数 (E) Eveness index (E)	0.772 2	0.883 0	0.861 1	0.883 5	0.857 2	0.812 1	0.787 4	0.910 3	0.707 1	0.855 9
优势度指数 (C) Dominant index (C)	0.096 7	0.031 7	0.038 5	0.044 7	0.059 3	0.121 4	0.089 2	0.046 5	0.168 7	0.066 2

图3 土壤螨类群落多样性

Fig.3 Community diversity of soil mites

表4 土壤螨类群落相似性

Table 4 Jaccard similarity index of soil mite community

土地利用类型 Land use types	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ	Ⅶ	Ⅷ	Ⅸ	Ⅹ
Ⅰ	1.000	0.648	0.568	0.481	0.418	0.257	0.513	0.416	0.230	0.364
Ⅱ		1.000	0.741	0.481	0.420	0.231	0.476	0.418	0.221	0.459
Ⅲ			1.000	0.507	0.440	0.745	0.560	0.419	0.208	0.423
Ⅳ				1.000	0.585	0.327	0.550	0.500	0.286	0.481
Ⅴ					1.000	0.370	0.444	0.463	0.326	0.531
Ⅵ						1.000	0.309	0.429	0.448	0.366
Ⅶ							1.000	0.443	0.321	0.400
Ⅷ								1.000	0.349	0.385
Ⅸ									1.000	0.286
Ⅹ										1.000

表5 捕食性土壤螨类r-值和K-值的确定

Table 5 Determination of K- or r- values assigned to predatory soil mites

捕食性土壤螨类(科) Predatory soil mites (family )	K-值 K-value	r-值 r-value	捕食性土壤螨类(科) Predatory soil mites (family )	K-值 K-value	r-值 r-value
厉螨科 Laelapidae		1	双革螨科 Digamasellidae	2
厚厉螨科Pachylaelapidae	1		虫穴螨科Zerconidae	3
维螨科 Veigaiidae	2		美绥螨科Ameroseiidae	3
派盾螨科 Parholaspididae	2		寄螨科Parasitidae		4
派伦螨科Parholaspidae	2		囊螨科Ascidae		1
尾足螨科Uropodidae	3		表刻螨科Epicriidae	3
土革螨科Ologamasidae		1	巨螯螨科 Macrochelidae	2
植绥螨科 Phytoseiidae		2	犹伊螨科Eviphididae	1
足角螨科 Podocinidae		1	胭螨科 Rhodacaridae	2

表6 捕食性土壤螨类群落结构特征

Table 6 Community structure characteristics of predatory soil mites

指数 Index	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ	Ⅶ	Ⅷ	Ⅸ	Ⅹ
MI指数 MI index	0.72	0.65	0.71	0.62	0.64	0.66	0.69	0.67	0.42	0.59

表7 土壤甲螨群落MGP

Table 7 MGP analysis of soil oribatid community

土地利用类型 Land use types	类群数百分比 Group percentage (%)				个体数百分比 Individual percentage (%)
土地利用类型 Land use types	M群 Macropylina (%)	G群 Gymnonota (%)	P群 Poronota (%)	群落类型 Community type	M群 Macropylina (%)	G群 Gymnonota (%)	P群 Poronota (%)	群落类型 Community type
Ⅰ	36.11	33.33	30.56	O	21.54	13.55	64.91	P
Ⅱ	36.59	34.15	29.27	O	26.65	24.38	48.98	O
Ⅲ	35.14	37.84	27.03	O	23.85	30.20	45.95	O
Ⅳ	44.44	29.63	25.93	O	30.94	18.91	50.15	P
Ⅴ	40.00	24.00	36.00	O	22.44	19.09	58.46	P
Ⅵ	33.33	25.00	41.67	O	13.23	15.31	71.46	P
Ⅶ	40.74	33.33	25.93	O	22.30	9.04	68.66	P
Ⅷ	26.92	42.31	30.77	O	22.84	31.48	45.68	O
Ⅸ	33.33	22.22	44.44	O	20.78	6.27	72.94	P
Ⅹ	31.82	31.82	36.36	O	21.41	19.48	59.12	P

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吐鲁番火焰山南麓农田生态区土壤螨类群落多样性

Study on the Community Diversity of Soil Mites in the Agroecosystem at the Southern Foothill of Flaming Mountain in Xinjiang, China

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