Abstract:

【Objective】 To analyze the current situation, existing problems and propose corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the development of the potato industry in Xinjiang, providing a basis for decision-making for the healthy and sustainable development of the industry. 【Methods】 By using the methods of literature review and field investigation, and with the data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the area, output, yield per unit area, main distribution areas, germplasm resources, etc.of potatoes in the world, China and Xinjiang were analyzed respectively.The development situation of the potato industry in Xinjiang, including planting, processing and consumption, was investigated and analyzed in detail.The problems existing in the development of the industry were summarized and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward. 【Results】 In 2022, the sown area of potatoes in Xinjiang was 189.5 thousand hectares and the output was 165,200 tons, accounting for 4.18% and 9.24% of the national total respectively.The yield per unit area was 8.72 tons per hectare, which was 2.21 times the national average of 3.94 tons per hectare.The main distribution areas were the cold mountainous regions along the Altai Mountains, Kunlun Mountains and the north and south slopes of the Tianshan Mountains.The processed products were mainly starch and whole powder, followed by some potato chips, potato noodles and biscuits.The breeding of varieties started late, and the talent and technical strength are weak; The production of virus-free seed potatoes is small, far from meeting the production demand; The incidence of soil-borne diseases is high, which restricts the sustainable development of the industry; The awareness of brand building is weak, and the added value of products needs to be improved. 【Conclusion】 In response to these challenges, it is suggested to strengthen the improvement and innovation of potato varieties in line with the regional development characteristics; promote the construction of the seed potato breeding system and increase the coverage of virus-free seed potatoes; establish a pest and disease control technology system and promote the pest and disease monitoring and early warning system; strengthen brand building and improve public awareness; develop new productive forces and promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

Key words: potato; development status; existing problems

摘要：

【目的】 分析新疆马铃薯产业发展现状、存在问题并提出相应的对策,为产业健康持续发展提供决策依据。【方法】 采用文献综述法和实地调查法,收集联合国粮食与农业组织数据库和中国国家统计局数据,分别分析世界、中国、中国新疆马铃薯面积、产量、单产、主要分布区域、种质资源等,并重点调查与分析中国新疆马铃薯种植、加工、消费等产业发展现况,总结产业发展中存在的问题,并提出相应的对策。【结果】 2022年新疆马铃薯播种面积18.95×10³ hm²、产量16.52×10⁴ t,分别占全国的4.18%、9.24%,单产8.72 t/hm²,是全国平均水平3.94 t/hm²的2.21倍,新疆马铃薯主要分布在沿阿勒泰山、昆仑山及天山南北坡等冷凉山区,加工制品以淀粉、全粉为主,其次有部分薯条、薯片、马铃薯面条和饼干等产品;品种选育起步晚,人才及技术力量薄弱;脱毒种薯繁育量小,远不能满足生产需求;土传病害发生率高,制约产业可持续发展;品牌建设意识薄弱,产品附加值有待提升。【结论】 针对新疆区域发展特色需求,加强马铃薯品种改良创新;推进种薯繁育体系建设,提高脱毒种薯覆盖率;建立病虫害防控技术体系,推广病虫害监测预警系统;加强品牌建设,提高公众认知度;开发新质生产力,促进一二三产融合发展。

关键词: 马铃薯, 发展现状, 存在问题