Comparative analysis of milk components and plasma metabolomes between colostrum and regular milk periods in Ili horses

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.025

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (4): 1002-1013.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.025

• Animal Husbandry Veterination · Agricultural Eeconomy • Previous Articles Next Articles

Comparative analysis of milk components and plasma metabolomes between colostrum and regular milk periods in Ili horses

GAO Feng(), MENG Jun(), ZENG Yaqi, ZENG Mingmin, XUE Yuheng, SHANG Tingting, YUAN Xinxin, REN Wanlu, YAO Xinkui

College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Horse Industry Research Institute, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Sports Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2024-08-17 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-06-20
Supported by:
Major Scientific R & D Program Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Construction of the Efficient Breeding Technology System of the Domestic Horse Specialized Strain"(2022A02013-1);Innovation Environment Construction Special Project (Talent, Base) of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Key Laboratory Platform Construction for Horse Germplasm Innovation Cultivation and Efficient and Healthy Breeding"(PT2311);Special Project for the Development of Local Science and Technology Guided by the Central Government "Specialized Sports Horse Cultivation Technical Service Support"(ZYYD2023C02)

伊犁马初乳与常乳时期乳成分与血浆代谢组比较分析

高凤(), 孟军(), 曾亚琦, 曾明敏, 薛宇恒, 尚婷婷, 袁鑫鑫, 任万路, 姚新奎

新疆农业大学动物科学学院/新疆农业大学马产业研究院/新疆马繁育与运动生理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐市 830052

通讯作者: 孟军(1986-),男,教授,博士,研究方向为动物生产学,(E-mail)junm86@qq.com
作者简介:高凤(1998-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物生产学,(E-mail)yxq61@126.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“国产马专门化品系高效繁育技术体系构建”(2022A02013-1);新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境（人才、基地）建设专项“马种质创新培育与高效健康养殖重点实验室平台建设”(PT2311);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目“专门化运动马培育技术服务支撑”(ZYYD2023C02)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This project aims to investigate the differences in milk composition between the two periods and the potential regulatory mechanisms by analysing the milk composition and plasma metabolome of Ili horses during colostrum and regular milk. 【Methods】 Milk and blood samples were collected from eight Yilihorses on day 0 and day 30 of parturition, respectively, and milk routine analyses of milk from the two periods were carried out by a milk composition analyser, and comparative analyses of plasma metabolites were performed by non-targeted metabolomics. 【Results】 The results revealed that milk fat, milk protein, solids and non-solids were significantly higherin colostrum than in regular milk (P<0.05), and lactose was significantly lower in colostrum than in regular milk (P<0.05). Plasma metabolites were analyzed and a total of 363 differential metabolites were screened according to conditions. 【Conclusion】 Pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites significantly enriched a total of 5 functional pathways. The presence of many metabolites in plasma during colostrum period was associated with the promotion of fatty acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in the mammary gland, such as palmitic acid, D-threitol, biotin, and pantothenic acid.

Key words: Ili horse; colostrum; regular milk; milk components; plasma metabolome

摘要：

【目的】分析伊犁马初乳与常乳时期乳成分及血浆代谢组,在探究2个时期乳成分差异及潜在调控机制。为揭示乳畜产奶性状和乳成分差异调控机制和改良乳畜泌乳性状提供参考。【方法】分别在分娩第0 d和第30 d采集8匹伊犁马的奶样与血液样本,采用乳成分仪分析2个时期的乳常规,并通过非靶向代谢组学对血浆代谢物进行比较分析。【结果】初乳中的乳脂、乳蛋白、固形物和非固形物均显著高于常乳(P <0.05),初乳中的乳糖显著低于常乳(P <0.05)。【结论】共筛选出363种差异代谢物,共显著富集到5条功能通路。在初乳时期血浆中存在很多代谢物与促进乳腺进行脂肪酸代谢、糖代谢、氨基酸代谢有关,例如棕榈酸、D-苏糖醇、生物素、泛酸等。

关键词: 伊犁马, 初乳, 常乳, 乳成分, 血浆代谢组

CLC Number:

S821

GAO Feng, MENG Jun, ZENG Yaqi, ZENG Mingmin, XUE Yuheng, SHANG Tingting, YUAN Xinxin, REN Wanlu, YAO Xinkui. Comparative analysis of milk components and plasma metabolomes between colostrum and regular milk periods in Ili horses[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(4): 1002-1013.

高凤, 孟军, 曾亚琦, 曾明敏, 薛宇恒, 尚婷婷, 袁鑫鑫, 任万路, 姚新奎. 伊犁马初乳与常乳时期乳成分与血浆代谢组比较分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(4): 1002-1013.

Figures/Tables 9

References 33

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时间 Time(min)	A(%)	B(%)
0~0.5	5	95
0.5~7	5~35	95~65
7~8	35~60	65~40
8~9	60	40
9~9.1	60~5	40~95
9.1~12	5	95

时间 Time(min)	A(%)	B(%)
0~0.5	5	95
0.5~7	5~35	95~65
7~8	35~60	65~40
8~9	60	40
9~9.1	60~5	40~95
9.1~12	5	95

成分 Milk components	初乳 Colostrum	常乳 Regular milk
乳脂Fat	3.21±1.80^a	2.15±0.59^b
乳蛋白Protein	7.22±6.57^a	2.66±0.89^b
乳糖Lactose	4.90±0.85^a	5.95±1.11^b
总固形物TS	16.29±6.92^a	11.26±1.15^b
非脂固体SNF	13.66±6.03^a	9.13±0.82^b

成分 Milk components	初乳 Colostrum	常乳 Regular milk
乳脂Fat	3.21±1.80^a	2.15±0.59^b
乳蛋白Protein	7.22±6.57^a	2.66±0.89^b
乳糖Lactose	4.90±0.85^a	5.95±1.11^b
总固形物TS	16.29±6.92^a	11.26±1.15^b
非脂固体SNF	13.66±6.03^a	9.13±0.82^b

名称 MS2_name	初乳平均丰度值 Average abundance value of cocostrum	常乳平均丰度值 Average abundance value of regular milk	差异倍数 Fold Change	P值 P value	一般变量权重值VIP Experiment number
棕榈油酸Cis-9-palmitoleic acid	4 820 003.52	320 016.68	15.06	3.16E-04	13.79
利帕汀Bonactin	3 482 352.61	39 909.85	87.26	8.79E-03	10.79
7-羟基黄烷酮7-hydroxyflavanone	1 086 396.96	23 123.14	46.98	4.94E-02	5.39
纳曲吲哚Naltrindole	550 802.09	19 960.49	27.59	1.17E-04	4.59
生物胞素Biocytin	324 041.94	11 773.99	27.52	1.34E-04	3.64
沙蟾蜍精Arenobufagin	332 498.81	6 942.14	47.90	2.49E-04	3.53
端羟基12酸12-hydroxydodecanoic acid	282 512.22	2 597.37	108.77	7.63E-06	3.52
环氧玉米黄素Antheraxanthin	306 271.69	20 362.75	15.04	2.81E-08	3.50
帽柱木碱Mitragynine	412 918.84	30 450.26	13.56	1.97E-02	3.49
N6,N6,N6-三甲基-L-赖氨酸 N6,N6,N6-Trimethyl-L-lysine	256 948.06	12 256.35	20.96	2.58E-05	3.19
6-氨基青霉烷酸 (+)-6-aminopenicillanic acid	187 062.91	9 816.16	19.06	6.81E-10	2.90
甘露二糖 4.alpha.-mannobiose	322 008.14	4 134.81	77.88	1.98E-02	2.83
4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone	181 323.15	8 229.20	22.03	1.84E-10	2.68
Cys-Met-Lys	152 380.79	8 130.44	18.74	5.21E-05	2.29
肉豆蔻油酸Myristoleic acid	141 067.85	8 379.47	16.83	4.44E-03	2.18
Fahfa 36:3	94 718.26	1 920.83	49.31	1.14E-06	2.11
Fahfa 34:0	99 515.44	5 750.39	17.31	3.45E-06	2.10
18-hydroxy-5z,8z,11z,14z, 16e-eicosapentaenoic acid	91 877.59	8 342.31	11.01	1.97E-05	1.94
Fahfa 36:1	89 997.47	5 615.63	16.03	4.46E-05	1.91
月桂左旋肉碱Lauroyl-l-carnitine	88 939.06	1 397.85	63.63	1.73E-04	1.73
癸酰-L-肉碱Decanoyl-l-carnitine	89 585.72	8 254.09	10.85	1.72E-03	1.58
车叶草苷Asperuloside	71 101.60	5 249.49	13.54	3.36E-03	1.53
黄连素Berberine	56 551.64	5 480.73	10.32	1.19E-07	1.52
亚麻油酸Stearidonic acid	55 770.54	3 961.16	14.08	1.16E-04	1.49
Fahfa 34:2	49 004.80	3 517.27	13.93	6.33E-06	1.46
野鸢尾黄素Irigenin	66 642.65	4 872.25	13.68	3.27E-04	1.45
Asp-Asn	63 327.26	1 902.04	33.29	3.56E-03	1.40
棕榈酰-L-左旋肉碱 L-palmitoylcarnitine	54 203.50	4 596.47	11.79	2.56E-05	1.36
Fahfa 34:1Fahfa 34:1	41 827.17	2 403.59	17.40	5.48E-06	1.35
乙腈中除草定Bromacil	45 182.76	1 272.61	35.50	5.28E-08	1.33
6-羟基黄酮6-hydroxyflavone	32 433.07	1 505.64	21.54	2.19E-10	1.21
9-顺式视黄醛9-cis-retinal	40 339.62	3 044.83	13.25	1.31E-03	1.19
Fahfa 36:0	37 416.45	3 215.16	11.64	2.35E-04	1.18
洛伐他汀钠Lovastatin hydroxy acid	37 267.83	1 349.18	27.62	6.39E-04	1.15
乳糖D-lactose	376 261.30	39 240.86	9.59	4.84E-03	3.13
2,4-二羟基喹啉Quinoline-2,4-diol	66 399.36	7 094.72	9.36	1.67E-03	1.40
谷胱甘肽Glutathione	264 357.00	29 530.54	8.95	4.02E-03	2.63
血根碱Sanguinarine	67 301.69	8 239.52	8.17	9.07E-05	1.49
生物素Biotin	81 499.25	27 469.76	2.97	2.68E-06	1.42
泛酸Pantothenate	107 624.86	52 616.11	2.05	2.36E-02	1.21

Comparative analysis of milk components and plasma metabolomes between colostrum and regular milk periods in Ili horses

伊犁马初乳与常乳时期乳成分与血浆代谢组比较分析

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名称 MS2_name	初乳平均丰度值 Average abundance value of cocostrum	常乳平均丰度值 Average abundance value of regular milk	差异倍数 Fold Change	P值 P value	一般变量权重值VIP Experiment number
Tyr-Cys	437 307.25	3 826 315.79	8.75	2.87E-04	11.54
甲羟戊酸-5-焦磷酸 Mevalonic acid 5-pyrophosphate	57 849.28	3 377 378.97	58.38	1.30E-03	10.95
羧磷酰胺 Carboxyphosphamide	245 848.96	1 992 849.03	8.11	3.53E-02	6.49
赖氨酸 Lysine	128 371.77	1 129 458.03	8.80	4.23E-04	5.73
大豆苷 Daidzin	70 214.98	583 631.47	8.31	1.97E-07	4.86
D-甘露醇1-磷酸锂盐 D-mannitol 1-phosphate	56 429.79	515 986.37	9.14	4.95E-04	4.22
聚二戊烯 D-limonene	12 545.11	550 273.96	43.86	2.47E-05	4.17
6-脱氧-D-葡萄糖 D-quinovose	50 720.71	446 898.60	8.81	2.84E-04	3.89
3-羟基- DL -犬尿氨酸 3-hydroxykynurenine	46 846.99	389 066.22	8.31	2.66E-04	3.62
利卡灵A Licarin a	24 569.96	369 306.02	15.03	7.74E-04	3.58
组氨酰-丝氨酸 His-ser	38 396.58	414 546.30	10.80	4.35E-03	3.54
3-(2-羟苯基)丙酸 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid	14 685.82	304 355.41	20.72	4.87E-04	3.37
轴突素1/2 Axistatin1/2	3 319.24	283 718.75	85.48	4.23E-08	3.33
苏拉明 Suramin	10 857.48	202 955.54	18.69	6.72E-04	2.70
D-苏糖醇 D-Threitol	6 717.11	162 116.89	24.13	1.14E-03	2.43
(-)-epigallocatechin	7 237.91	136 734.43	18.89	1.78E-06	2.39
1,5二磷酸核酮糖 Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate	13 440.43	163 251.66	12.15	2.15E-03	2.28
N-烟酰甘氨酸 Nicotinuric acid	10 752.45	144 972.30	13.48	1.81E-03	2.19
7,8-dihydroparasiloxanthin 7,8-dihydroparasiloxanthin	6 269.60	102 205.28	16.30	1.66E-07	2.00
乙酯杀螨醇 Chlorobenzilate	3 298.40	114 965.94	34.86	1.34E-03	1.91
5'-脱氧-5'-(甲硫基)腺苷 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine	4 250.25	71 327.34	16.78	8.04E-09	1.79
2,4-二甲基肉桂酸 2,4-dimethylcinnamic acid	8 254.02	72 653.21	8.80	6.26E-06	1.59
2-羟基-5-甲基苯乙酮 2'-hydroxy-5'-methylchalcone	5 060.85	57 434.88	11.35	1.98E-08	1.57
替尼泊苷 Teniposide	8 828.18	77 550.42	8.78	4.92E-03	1.44
(-)-(3s)-3-hydroxyquinine	1 938.14	62 064.85	32.02	9.38E-04	1.42
二十二碳三烯酸 Docosatrienoic acid	6 550.28	71 306.88	10.89	6.10E-04	1.41
Cys-Asn	2 978.47	42 788.97	14.37	1.17E-09	1.39
15-酮拉坦前列素(游离酸) 15-ketolatanoprost (free acid)	4 941.07	44 554.98	9.02	1.16E-08	1.38
7,8-dihydro-l-biopterin	3 085.36	46 936.13	15.21	1.19E-03	1.25
2-酮-d-葡萄糖酸 2-keto-d-gluconic acid	3 614.27	54 769.55	15.15	1.28E-02	1.22
螺螨酯 Spirodiclofen	6 412.56	54 774.31	8.54	6.10E-03	1.17
赤藓糖醇 Erythritol	748.12	44 913.29	60.04	1.13E-02	1.17
2-丙基苯酚 2-propylphenol	2 954.33	48 988.54	16.58	1.58E-02	1.17
补骨脂定 Psoralidin	1 586.06	38 113.48	24.03	8.06E-04	1.16
大观霉素 Spectinomycin	3 403.69	29 244.42	8.59	4.84E-04	1.01
头孢氨苄 Cephalexin	2 782.41	26 269.42	9.44	1.86E-05	1.00
D-1,5二磷酸核酮糖 D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate	22 953.71	175 119.46	7.63	5.72E-04	2.41
D-葡萄糖醛酸内酯 D-Glucuronolactone	43 368.52	230 934.53	5.32	4.57E-04	2.71
D-核糖-5-磷酸 D-ribose 5-phosphate	179 897.07	651 235.54	3.62	4.71E-04	4.25
磷酸吡哆醛 Pyridoxal phosphate	49 437.82	143 190.13	2.90	1.14E-02	1.57

Pathway	Pathway ID	KEGG_B_class	P value	代谢物 Metabolite
戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸的相互转化 Pentose and glucuronate interconversions	ko00040	碳水化合物代谢 Carbohydrate metabolism	0.006	D-葡萄糖醛酸 D-Glucuronate D-木糖 D-xylose 二半乳糖醛酸 Digalacturonic acid 甘油 Glycerol 木糖醇 Xylitol
不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成 Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids	ko01040	脂质代谢 Lipid metabolism	0.021	11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid, (z,z,z)- 花生四烯酸(不含过氧化物) Arachidonic acid (peroxide free) Cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid 顺式-11-二十碳烯酸 Eicosenoic acid 亚麻酸 Linolenic acid 神经氨酸 Nervonic acid 棕榈酸 Palmitic acid 硬脂酸 Stearic acid
ABC 转运体 ABC transporters	ko02010	膜运输 Membrane transport	0.030	生物素 Biotin 肉碱 Carnitine D-乳糖 D-lactose 蜜二糖 Melibiose N-乙酰葡糖胺 N-acetyl-d-glucosamine D-纤维二糖 Cellobiose D-木糖 D-xylose 二半乳糖醛酸 Digalacturonic acid 赤藓糖醇 Erythritol 甘油 Glycerol 亚硝酸 Nitrous acid 牛磺酸 Taurine 木糖醇 Xylitol
脂肪酸的生物合成 Fatty acid biosynthesis	ko00061	脂质代谢 Lipid metabolism	0.048	丙二酸 Malonic acid 顺式-9-棕榈油酸 Cis-9-palmitoleic acid 肉豆蔻酸 Myristic acid 棕榈酸 Palmitic acid 硬脂酸 Stearic acid
逆行内源性大麻素信号传导 Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling	ko04723	神经系统 Nervous system	0.048	花生四烯酸(不含过氧化物) Arachidonic acid (peroxide free) 甘油 Glycerol

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