Effects of Different Levels of Bamboo Leaf Extract on Milk Yield and Milk Composition of Yili Horse during Lactation

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.11.024

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this project is to study the effects of different levels of bamboo leaf extract on milk yield, milk composition, minerals and hormones in milk of Yili horse during lactation, so as to provide theoretical basis for scientific addition and rational application of bamboo leaf extract in diet in lactation period. 【Methods】 Twenty four mares with similar body condition in the same pasture of Zhaosu Stud Farm in Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into four groups, with 6 horses in each group. The control group was not added with bamboo leaf extract, and the experimental groups I, II and III were added with 10 g/d, 20g/d and 30g/d respectively. The feeding cycle was 56 days. During the experiment, the milk yield, milk composition, minerals and hormones of Yili horses were determined every 14 days. 【Results】 The milk yield of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01), and the milk yield of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ (P<0.01). The milk protein rate of group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01), and the milk protein rate of group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅲ (P<0.05). The milk fat rate of group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01), the milk fat rate of group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the milk fat rate of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.01). The lactose rate of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of the control group, group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P<0.01), and the lactose rate of group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The ash content of control group was significantly higher than that of group Ⅲ (P<0.01), the ash content of group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅲ (P<0.05), and the dry matter of group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01). The dry matter of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.01), and the dry matter of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05). The content of Ca in horse milk of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of control group, group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ. The content of estradiol in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of control group and group Ⅰ. The content of estradiol in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of control group and group Ⅰ. The of progesterone in horse milk in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ, control group and group Ⅱ (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 On the basis of feeding concentrate in this experiment, supplementation of bamboo leaf extract can increase milk yield, improve milk quality, and increase the content of calcium, estradiol and progesterone in milk.

Key words: Yili horse; milk yield; milk composition; extract of bamboo leaves

摘要：

【目的】研究补喂不同水平竹叶提取物对泌乳期伊犁马产奶量、乳成分、乳中矿物质及激素的影响,为竹叶提取物在泌乳期伊犁马饲粮中的科学添加及应用提供理论依据。【方法】选取伊犁哈萨克自治州昭苏马场同一草场放牧条件下体况相近的24匹母马作为研究对象,将其随机分为4组,每组6匹马,对照组不添加竹叶提取物,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 组分别添加10、20、30 g/d,饲喂周期为56 d。试验期间每14 d测定泌乳期伊犁马8 h的产奶量、乳成分、乳中矿物质及激素。【结果】试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组产奶量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组产奶量极显著高于试验Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组乳蛋白率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验Ⅰ组乳蛋白率显著高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组乳脂率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验Ⅰ组乳脂率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组乳脂率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01);试验Ⅲ组乳糖率极显著高于对照组、试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.01),试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组乳糖率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);对照组灰分极显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.01),试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组灰分显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组干物质极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组干物质极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),试验Ⅲ组干物质显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组马乳中Ca含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),显著高于试验Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组马乳中的雌二醇极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组马乳中的雌二醇极显著高于对照组,显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组马乳中的孕酮(P)极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),显著高于对照组和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。【结论】补喂竹叶提取物可提高泌乳期伊犁马产奶量,改善乳品质,提升乳中钙含量和雌二醇、孕酮含量。

关键词: 伊犁马, 产奶量, 乳成分, 竹叶提取物

CLC Number:

S821.4

MA Bingqiang, YAO Xinkui, MENG Jun, ZENG Yaqi, WANG Jiangwen, WANG Chuankun, Appidum Tursun. Effects of Different Levels of Bamboo Leaf Extract on Milk Yield and Milk Composition of Yili Horse during Lactation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(11): 2786-2792.

马兵强, 姚新奎, 孟军, 曾亚琦, 王建文, 王川坤, 阿皮代姆·图尔荪. 补喂不同水平竹叶提取物对泌乳期伊犁马产奶量及乳成分的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2786-2792.

Figures/Tables 3

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产奶量及乳成分 Milk yield and Milk composition	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Trial groupⅠ	试验Ⅱ组 Trial groupⅡ	试验Ⅲ组 Trial groupⅢ	标准误 SE	P值 P-value
产奶量及乳成分 Milk yield and Milk composition	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Trial groupⅠ	试验Ⅱ组 Trial groupⅡ	试验Ⅲ组 Trial groupⅢ	标准误 SE	试验处理 Trt	采样时间点 Date	Trt×Date
产奶量(kg)	8.96^C	10.13^B	11.23^A	10.08^B	0.244	<0.001	<0.001	0.892
乳蛋白率(％)	2.49^Bc	2.58^Aa	2.56^Aab	2.52^ABbc	0.019	0.004	0.033	0.065
乳脂率(％)	0.71^Cc	0.84^BCb	1.01^Aa	0.88^ABb	0.038	<0.001	<0.001	0.004
乳糖率(％)	6.25^Cc	6.31^BCb	6.34^Bb	6.49^Aa	0.019	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
灰分(％)	0.31^Aa	0.31^ABa	0.31^ABa	0.30^Bb	0.003	0.011	<0.001	0.031
干物质(％)	9.75^Cc	10.05^Bb	10.22^Aa	10.18^ABa	0.041	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

产奶量及乳成分 Milk yield and Milk composition	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Trial groupⅠ	试验Ⅱ组 Trial groupⅡ	试验Ⅲ组 Trial groupⅢ	标准误 SE	P值 P-value
产奶量及乳成分 Milk yield and Milk composition	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Trial groupⅠ	试验Ⅱ组 Trial groupⅡ	试验Ⅲ组 Trial groupⅢ	标准误 SE	试验处理 Trt	采样时间点 Date	Trt×Date
产奶量(kg)	8.96^C	10.13^B	11.23^A	10.08^B	0.244	<0.001	<0.001	0.892
乳蛋白率(％)	2.49^Bc	2.58^Aa	2.56^Aab	2.52^ABbc	0.019	0.004	0.033	0.065
乳脂率(％)	0.71^Cc	0.84^BCb	1.01^Aa	0.88^ABb	0.038	<0.001	<0.001	0.004
乳糖率(％)	6.25^Cc	6.31^BCb	6.34^Bb	6.49^Aa	0.019	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
灰分(％)	0.31^Aa	0.31^ABa	0.31^ABa	0.30^Bb	0.003	0.011	<0.001	0.031
干物质(％)	9.75^Cc	10.05^Bb	10.22^Aa	10.18^ABa	0.041	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

矿物元素 mineral elements	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Trial groupⅠ	试验Ⅱ组 Trial groupⅡ	试验Ⅲ组 Trial groupⅢ	标准误 SE	P值 P-value
矿物元素 mineral elements	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Trial groupⅠ	试验Ⅱ组 Trial groupⅡ	试验Ⅲ组 Trial groupⅢ	标准误 SE	试验处理 Trt	采样时间点 Date	Trt×Date
Ca(mg/Kg)	742.72^Bc	770.45^ABb	793.91^Aa	765.41^ABbc	7.989	<0.001	0.017	0.279
Fe(mg/Kg)	0.465	0.466	0.475	0.468	0.004	0.295	0.073	0.579
P(mg/Kg)	487.47	457.59	468.82	476.88	28.645	0.900	0.018	0.748
Zn(mg/Kg)	2.01	2.542	2.544	2.51	0.229	0.284	<0.001	0.907
Mn(ug/Kg)	60.74	63.62	62.90	60.64	3.170	0.877	<0.001	0.970

矿物元素 mineral elements	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Trial groupⅠ	试验Ⅱ组 Trial groupⅡ	试验Ⅲ组 Trial groupⅢ	标准误 SE	P值 P-value
矿物元素 mineral elements	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Trial groupⅠ	试验Ⅱ组 Trial groupⅡ	试验Ⅲ组 Trial groupⅢ	标准误 SE	试验处理 Trt	采样时间点 Date	Trt×Date
Ca(mg/Kg)	742.72^Bc	770.45^ABb	793.91^Aa	765.41^ABbc	7.989	<0.001	0.017	0.279
Fe(mg/Kg)	0.465	0.466	0.475	0.468	0.004	0.295	0.073	0.579
P(mg/Kg)	487.47	457.59	468.82	476.88	28.645	0.900	0.018	0.748
Zn(mg/Kg)	2.01	2.542	2.544	2.51	0.229	0.284	<0.001	0.907
Mn(ug/Kg)	60.74	63.62	62.90	60.64	3.170	0.877	<0.001	0.970

马乳激素水平 hormone levels in Milk	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Trial groupⅠ	试验Ⅱ组 Trial groupⅡ	试验Ⅲ组 Trial groupⅢ	标准误 SE	P值 P-value
马乳激素水平 hormone levels in Milk	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Trial groupⅠ	试验Ⅱ组 Trial groupⅡ	试验Ⅲ组 Trial groupⅢ	标准误 SE	试验处理 Trt	采样时间点 Date	Trt×Date
E₂(pg/mL)	4.92^Cc	5.34^BCbc	5.84^ABab	6.15^Aa	0.200	0.001	0.005	0.505
E₃(ng/mL)	2.01	2.03	2.02	1.95	0.122	0.966	0.002	0.523
P(ng/mL)	0.45^ABb	0.35^Bb	0.44^ABb	0.71^Aa	0.077	0.013	0.001	0.518