Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to explore the key characteristics of quality, yield, and disease resistance and other key traits of Xinjiang extra-long staple (ELS) cotton varieties in the hope of providing scientific evidence for improving the approval standards and optimizing breeding directions for ELS cotton. 【Methods】 26 Xinjiang ELS cotton varieties approved by the Xinjiang Crop Variety Approval Committee were selected for a total of 6 times between 2016 and 2024, and their key trait indicators such as maturity, boll weight, lint percentage, lint yield, fiber quality (upper fiber length, strength, micronaire value, length uniformity index), and disease resistance (Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt disease index) were systematically evaluated. 【Results】 The results showed that the average values of the key traits for approved varieties were as follows: growth period of 131.9 days, boll weight of 3.4 g, lint percentage of 33.3%, lint yield of 1,708.1 kg/hm², upper half mean fiber length of 39.0 mm, strength of 45.3 cN/tex, Micronaire value of 4.1, and length uniformity index of 89.0%, Fusarium wilt disease index of 4.1, and Verticillium wilt disease index of 8.6. Machine-picking adaptability, as well as resistance or tolerance to high temperatures and drought, were only sporadically described qualitatively. Compared with those between 2016-2018, the varieties approved during 2021-2024 showed significant or highly significant differences in growth period, fiber upper half mean length, and length uniformity index, all of which developed in a positive and improved direction. But there was no significant difference in other trait indicators. 【Conclusion】 Xinjiang ELS cotton varieties are typical early to mid maturity long staple cotton varieties, with overall excellent quality indicators, high yield trait indicators, and good disease resistance. However, the approval standards still need to be adjusted and optimized. It is recommended to adjust the threshold values for key trait indicators of approved varieties: growth period ≤133 days (preferably ≤130 days), boll weight >3.2 g, lint percentage ≥32.5%, lint yield ≥1700 kg/hm², fiber length >37 mm, breaking strength ≥45 cN/tex, length uniformity ≥88.5%, micronaire value <4.2, Fusarium wilt disease index ≤5.0, and Verticillium wilt disease index ≤10.0. Additionally, new indicators, such as machine-picking adaptability (e.g., initial fruit node height for machine-picked ELS cotton), heat tolerance, and drought resistance, should be included, thus ensuring the total number of approved varieties should be reduced to at least two-thirds or even half of the current number, thereby promoting the breeding and approval of breakthrough ELS cotton varieties and fostering a new framework for the development and approval of new varieties.

Key words: Xinjiang; extra-long staple cotton; approved varieties; yield; fiber quality; disease resistance

摘要：

【目的】分析新疆长绒棉品种品质、产量、抗病性等关键性状特点,为完善长绒棉审定标准和优化育种方向提供科学依据。【方法】选取2016~2024年间新疆农作物品种审定委员会6次审定的共26个新疆长绒棉品种,系统评估其熟性、铃重、衣分、皮棉产量、纤维品质(上半部纤维长度、断裂比强度、马克隆值、长度整齐度指数)、抗病性(枯萎病和黄萎病病情指数)等关键性状指标。【结果】审定长绒棉品种关键性状指标平均值:生育期131.9 d,铃重3.4 g,衣分33.3%、皮棉产量1 708.1 kg/hm²、纤维上半部长度39.0 mm、断裂比强度45.3 cN/tex、马克隆值4.1、长度整齐度指数89.0%,枯萎病病情指数4.1,黄萎病病情指数8.6,机采适应性、抗耐高温和抗旱性仅有零星定性描述。与2016~2018年相比,2021~2024年审定品种在生育期、纤维上半部长度、长度整齐度指数有显著或极显著性差异,且向好向优方向发展,但其他性状指标无显著差异。【结论】新疆长绒棉品种为典型的早中熟长绒棉品种,其品质总体指标优,产量性状指标高,抗病性好,但审定标准仍需要调整优化。调整审定品种关键性状指标阈值:生育期≤133 d(甚至130 d),铃重>3.2 g,衣分≥32.5%,皮棉产量≥1 700 kg/hm²,上半部纤维长度>37 mm,断裂比强度≥45 cN/tex,长度整齐度指数≥88.5%,马克隆值<4.2,枯萎病病情指数≤5.0,黄萎病病情指数≤10.0,同时,还应新增机采适应性(如机采长绒棉始果节高度)、抗耐性高温和抗旱性等指标,确保品种审定数量至少减少至当前的2/3甚至1/2,促进有突破性长绒棉品种的培育和审定,构建新品种培育和审定新局面。

关键词: 长绒棉, 审定品种, 产量, 纤维品质, 抗病性