Seed heteromorphism and germination characteristics of Salsola rosacea in the Junggar Desert

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.029

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Reproductive output and germination characteristicsof Salsola rosacea in the hope of providing relevant data support for future research on seed heteromorphism and providing theoretical basis for the study on the ecological adaptation mechanism and evolution of seed heteromorphism in desert conditions.【Methods】 To study the seed polymorphism,Seeds were classified according to their shape, size, color and growth mode, and germination characteristics of different types of seeds were investigated. The plants are graded according to the dry weight of the plant, and then the reproduction distribution and seed output of plant are calculated.【Results】 Three types of seeds were produced in S.rosacea. Type A was green and winged with high germination rate, and type B and C were yellow short-winged/wingless and could be dormant. The proportion of reproductive allocation of type A and B increased with increasing of plant class, which showed dependence on plant size, while type C showed no dependence. The output proportion of type A decreased with increasing of plant rank, while that of type B seeds increased with the increase of equal size which was dependent on the size of plant. No significant change was found in the output of type C seeds.【Conclusion】 Three kinds of seeds with different dispersal patterns and germination behaviors can be produced in S.rosacea, and their reproduction allocation and seed output depend on plant size.

Key words: Salsola rosacea; heteromorphism; reproduction allocation; seed germination

摘要：

【目的】 研究准噶尔荒漠蔷薇猪毛菜的种子异型性与萌发特性,为种子异型性在荒漠条件下的生态适应机制及进化提供理论依据。【方法】 蔷薇猪毛菜(Salsola rosacea)为研究对象,依据种子的形状、大小、颜色和着生方式对种子分类并研究不同类型种子的萌发特性,根据植株干重对植株进行等级划分后计算其繁殖分配与种子输出。【结果】 蔷薇猪毛菜可产生3种类型种子,A型为绿色具翅种子且萌发率高,B、C型为黄色短翅/无翅种子且存在休眠;A、B型繁殖体繁殖分配比例随植株等级增加而增加,表现出对植株个体大小的依赖,C型则不表现依赖;A型种子输出比例随植株等级的增加而减少,B型种子随等级增加而增加,对植株个体大小表现依赖性,C型种子输出无明显波动。【结论】 蔷薇猪毛菜能够产生3种具有不同散布方式和萌发行为的种子,其繁殖分配与种子输出对植株大小产生依赖。

关键词: 蔷薇猪毛菜, 种子异型性, 繁殖分配, 种子萌发

CLC Number:

S545

YAN Ziyan, WEI Yan, AN Xinlei, LU Qian, SUN Huifang, YAN Cheng. Seed heteromorphism and germination characteristics of Salsola rosacea in the Junggar Desert[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(11): 2853-2860.

闫紫烟, 魏岩, 安忻蕾, 陆倩, 孙慧芳, 严成. 准噶尔荒漠蔷薇猪毛菜的种子异型性与萌发特性[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(11): 2853-2860.

Figures/Tables 8

References 34

[1]	Venable D L. The evolutionary ecology of seed heteromorphism[J]. American Naturalist, 1985, 126(5):577-595. DOI URL
[2]	王雷, 董鸣, 黄振英. 种子异型性及其生态意义的研究进展[J]. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(5):578-590. DOI
	WANG Lei, DONG Ming, HUANG Zhenying. Review of research on seed heteromorphism and its ecological significance[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(5):578-590. DOI
[3]	Mandák B, Pysek P. How does seed heteromorphism influence the life history stages of Atriplex sagittata (Chenopodiaceae)[J]. Flora, 2005, 200(6):516-526. DOI URL
[4]	Baskin C C, Baskin J M. Seeds: Ecology,Biogeography and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination[M]. San Diego: Academic Press,1998.
[5]	李伟强, 刘小京, 毛任钊, 等. 植物种子二形性(多形性)研究进展[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(4):1234-1242.
	LI Weiqiang, LIU Xiaojing, MAO Renzhao, et al. Advances in plant seed dimorphism (or polymorphism) research[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(4):1234-1242.
[6]	Wei Y, Dong M, Huang ZY. Seed polymorphism, dormancy and germination of Salsola affinis (Chenopodiaceae), a dominant desert annual inhabiting Junggar Basin of Xinjiang, China[J]. Austalian Journal of Botany, 2007, 55(4): 464-470.
[7]	Gul B, Ansari R, Flowers T J, et al. Germination strategies of halophyte seeds under salinity[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2013, (92): 4-18.
[8]	周平, 黄俊华. 果翅、盐分及干旱胁迫对白梭梭种子萌发的影响[J]. 防护林科技, 2012,(3): 9-13.
	ZHOU Ping, HUANG Junhua. Effect of winged perianth, salt & drought stress on germination of Halaxylonpersicum[J]. Protection Forest Science and Technology, 2012,(3): 9-13.
[9]	毛祖美. 新疆植物志[M]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆科学技术出版社. 1994.
	MAO Zumei. Flora of Xinjiang[M]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Science&Technology Press. 1994.
[10]	Imbert E. Ecological consequences and ontogeny of seed heteromorphism[J]. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 2002, 5(1): 13-36. DOI URL
[11]	Harper J L, Lovell P H, Moore K G. The shapes and sizes of seeds[J]. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 1970, (1): 327-356.
[12]	UngarI A. Population ecology of halophyte seeds[J]. Boeanical Review, 1987, 53(3): 301-334.
[13]	耿宇鹏, 张文驹, 李博, 等. 表型可塑性与外来植物的入侵能力[J]. 生物多样性, 2004, (4):447-455. DOI
	GENG Yupeng, ZHANG Wenju, LI Bo, et al. Phenotypic plasticity and invasiveness of alien plants[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2004, 12(4): 447-455. DOI
[14]	Harper J L. Population Biology of Plants[M]. London: Academic Press, 1977.
[15]	王宏飞, 魏岩. 紫翅猪毛菜的种子多型性及其结实格局[J]. 生物多样性, 2007, 15(4):419-424. DOI
	WANG Hongfei, WEI Yan. Seed polymorphism and fruit-set patterns of Salsola affinis[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2007, 15(4):419-424. DOI
[16]	魏岩, 王宏飞, 安沙舟. 散枝猪毛菜的果实多型性及个体大小依赖的繁殖输出[J]. 干旱区研究, 2008, 25(3):357-362.
	WEI Yan, WANG Hongfei, AN Shazhou. Studyon fruit polymorphismand size-dependent reproductive output of Salsola bracchita[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2008, 25(3):357-362.
[17]	Pickering C M. Size dependent reproduction in Australian alpine ranunculus[J]. Australian Journal of Botany, 1994, 19(3): 336-344.
[18]	Dorken M E, Sch B. Phenotypic plasticity of vegetative and reproductive traits in monoecious and dioecious populations of Sagittaria latifolia (Alismataceae): a clonal aquatic plant[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2004, 92(1): 32-44. DOI URL
[19]	张大勇. 理论生态学研究[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000:10-14,32-38.
	ZHANG Dayong. Research on Theoretical Ecology[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2000:10-14,32-38.
[20]	Thompson P A. Variations in seed size within populations of Silene dioica (L.) Clairv in relation to habitat[J]. Annals of Botany, 1981, 47(5): 623-634. DOI URL
[21]	Sultan S E. Phenotypic plasticity for fitness components in species of contrasting ecological breadth[J]. Ecology, 2001, 82(2): 328-343. DOI URL
[22]	Sultan S E, Bazzaz F A. Phenotypic plasticity in Polygonumpersicaria II. Norms of reaction to soil moisture ecological breadth and the maintenance of genetic diversity[J]. Evolution, 1993, 47(4): 1032-1049. DOI PMID
[23]	Ellison A M. Effect of Seed dimorphism on the density-dependent dynamics of experimental populations of Atriplex triangularis (Chenopodiaceae)[J]. American Journal of Botany, 1987, 74(8): 1280-1288. DOI URL
[24]	LloydD G. Selection of offspring size at independence and other size-versus-number strategies[J]. American Naturalist, 1987, 129(6): 800-817. DOI URL
[25]	Venable D L. The evolutionary ecology of seed heteromorphism[J]. American Naturalist, 1985, 12(6): 577-595.
[26]	Cao D C, Baskin C C, Baskin J M, et al. Comparison of germination and seed bank dynamics of dimorphic seeds of the cold desert halophyte Suaedacorniculata subsp. Mongolica[J]. Annals of Botany, 2012, 110(8): 1545-1558. DOI URL
[27]	Lu JJ, Tan D Y, Baskin J M, et al. Phenotypic plasticity and bet-hedging in a heterocarpic winter annual/spring ephemeral cold desert species of Brassicaceae[J]. Oikos, 2012, 121(3): 357-366. DOI URL
[28]	Baskin J M, Lu J J, Baskin C C, et al. Diaspore dispersal ability and degree of dormancy in heteromorphic species of cold deserts of northwest China: a review[J]. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 2014, (16): 93-99.
[29]	Jansen P A, Bongers F, Van Der Meer P J. Is farther seed dispersal better Spatial patterns of offspring mortality in three rainforest tree species with different dispersal abilities[J]. Ecography (Cop.), 2008, 31(1): 43-52. DOI URL
[30]	Tielb rger K, Petru M F X, Lampei C. Bet-hedging germination in annual plants: a sound empirical test of the theoretical foundations[J]. Oikos, 2012, 121(11): 1860-1868. DOI URL
[31]	Gremer J R, Kimball S, Venable D L. Within-and among-year germination in Sonoran Desert winter annuals: bet hedging and predictive germination in a variable environment[J]. Ecology letters, 2016, 19(10):1209-1218. DOI PMID
[32]	Hutchings M J, Booth K D. Studies on the feasibility of re-creating chalk grassland vegetation on ex-arable land. I. The potential roles of the seed bank and the seed rain[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 1996, 33(5):1171-1181. DOI URL
[33]	Anderson T M, Schutz M, Risch A C. Seed germination cues and the importance of the soil seed bank across an environmental gradient in the Serengeti[J]. Oikos, 2012,(121): 306-312.
[34]	刘华峰. 紫翅猪毛菜种子异时萌发的生态适应性研究[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2013.
	LIU Huafeng. The ecological adaptability research of Salsola affinis seeds on different germinating time[D]. Shihezi: Shihezi University, 2013.

植株等级 Class of plant	植株干重 Plant biomass (g)	株高 Plant height (cm)	节数 No. of nodes	分枝数 No. of branches
Ⅰ	1.110±0.100^c	28.617±1.430^c	24.460±1.499^c	2.960±0.643^c
Ⅱ	3.708±0.235^b	43.556±1.005^b	45.400±1.993^b	9.630±0.856^b
Ⅲ	8.941±1.680^a	49.533±3.979^a	55.000±2.031^a	18.500±2.377^a

植株等级 Class of plant	植株干重 Plant biomass (g)	株高 Plant height (cm)	节数 No. of nodes	分枝数 No. of branches
Ⅰ	1.110±0.100^c	28.617±1.430^c	24.460±1.499^c	2.960±0.643^c
Ⅱ	3.708±0.235^b	43.556±1.005^b	45.400±1.993^b	9.630±0.856^b
Ⅲ	8.941±1.680^a	49.533±3.979^a	55.000±2.031^a	18.500±2.377^a

种子类型 Seed types	颜色 Color	形状 Shape	翅 Wings	长 Length (mm)	种子单粒重 Seed single weight (mg)	着生方式 Orientation of seed
A	绿色	圆形	长	2.451±0.036^a	3.124±0.057^a	横生
B	黄色	圆形	短	1.700±0.022^b	1.725±0.032^b	横生
C	黄色	圆形	无	1.348±0.063^c	1.522±0.026^c	横生

种子类型 Seed types	颜色 Color	形状 Shape	翅 Wings	长 Length (mm)	种子单粒重 Seed single weight (mg)	着生方式 Orientation of seed
A	绿色	圆形	长	2.451±0.036^a	3.124±0.057^a	横生
B	黄色	圆形	短	1.700±0.022^b	1.725±0.032^b	横生
C	黄色	圆形	无	1.348±0.063^c	1.522±0.026^c	横生

植株等级 Class	繁殖体总生物量 Total (g)						总繁殖分配 Total (%)
植株等级 Class	A	B	C	A	B	C	总繁殖分配 Total (%)
Ⅰ	0.113±0.010^Ac	0.012±0.003^Bc	0.013±0.002^Bc	10.214±0.422^Aa	0.876±0.190^Ba	1.166±0.167^Ba	12.256±0.453^b
Ⅱ	0.397±0.034^Ab	0.042±0.007^Bb	0.035±0.006^Bb	11.069±0.343^Aa	1.121±0.163^Ba	0.943±0.148^Ba	13.132±0.283^ab
Ⅲ	0.968±0.099^Aa	0.118±0.019^Ba	0.121±0.009^Ba	11.561±0.340^Aa	1.397±0.166^Ba	1.474±0.096^Ba	14.432±0.252^a