Preliminary Screening of Control Agents and Exploration of Optimum Fire Blight Control Period in Korla

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.03.018

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 In this experiment, the aim is to screen out chemical agents and suitable period for controlling fire blight in the hope of providing a basis for the prevention and control of the disease.【Method】 The field efficacy trials of 14 kinds of commercial fungicides were carried out, the chemical control agents were screened by conventional spray, and the best prevention and treatment period was given in different periods, and the targeted smear method was used to treat the severely diseased parts.【Result】 The control effects of copper preparations were better than agricultural antibiotics. The control effects of copper hydroxide, thiamethoxam copper and copper abietate were 96.2%, 68.5% and 66.7%, respectively. The efficiency at the early flowering stage was significantly better than that at the full flowering stage and fruit enlargement stage, the control effect of copper preparation was higher than that of other agents, and the efficiency of copper hydroxide at the early flowering stage was 96.2%.For the onset pear branches, the expansion of lesions were effectively inhibited by applying the plant heterogenous polyphenols, and inhibition ratio reached 92.1%.【Conclusion】 Copper preparations could be sprayed at the early flowering stage to resist pathogen invasion. Non-copper preparations can be used to prevent and cure this disease in flowering period, avoiding drug damage, during the fruit enlargement period, plant miscellaneous polyphenols or thiamphenone can be used for directional application.

Key words: fire blight; Korla fragrant pear; fungicide; optimum control period; copper hydroxide; agricultural antibiotics

摘要：

【目的】筛选出防治梨火疫病化学药剂和防治适期,为该病害的防控提供依据。【方法】选择14种市售药剂进行田间药效试验,采用常量喷雾方法进行化学防治药剂筛选,分析不同时期施药最佳防治时期,运用定向涂抹法防治发病严重部位。【结果】铜制剂对梨火疫病的防效相对较优于农用抗生素,其中氢氧化铜、噻菌铜和松脂酸铜的防效分别为96.2%、68.5%和66.7%;香梨初花期施药的防治效果显著优于盛花期和果实膨大期,且铜制剂的防效高于其它药剂,其中初花期施用氢氧化铜对梨火疫病的防效可达96.2%;针对已发病的梨树枝干,可使用植物杂源多酚进行涂抹防治,病斑抑制率达到了92.1%。【结论】初花期可喷施铜制剂进行保护,有效阻止病原菌入侵;盛花期可使用非铜制剂进行防治,避免产生药害;果实膨大期可使用植物杂源多酚或噻霉酮涂抹剂定向涂抹。

关键词: 梨火疫病, 库尔勒香梨, 杀菌剂, 防治适期, 铜制剂, 农用抗生素

CLC Number:

S436.612

BAI Jiang, ZHU Haihan, ZHANG Guoqiang. Preliminary Screening of Control Agents and Exploration of Optimum Fire Blight Control Period in Korla[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(3): 675-682.

白江, 朱海涵, 张国强. 库尔勒地区梨火疫病防治药剂筛选及防治适期分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(3): 675-682.

Figures/Tables 5

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地区 Area	农户自防药剂 Types of farmers’ fungicide used	该地区发病率 Incidence in the region (%)	杀菌剂平均使用频率(次) Frequency of fungicide used (times)
库尔勒市 Korla	噻霉酮、农用链霉素、嘧菌酯、苯醚·甲环唑、氯溴异氰尿酸、氢氧化铜、中生菌素、哈茨木霉	20	4.5
阿瓦提乡 Awati village	植物杂源多酚、噻菌铜、枯草芽孢杆菌、氢氧化铜、波尔多液、宁南霉素	37	5.2
哈拉玉宫 Halayugong	氢氧化铜、噻霉酮、春雷霉素、寡雄腐霉、噻菌酮、松脂酸铜、乙蒜素	54	5.5
28、29团 28、29 corps	中生菌素、氢氧化铜、石硫合剂、波尔多液、噻菌铜、植物杂源多酚	61	6.4

地区 Area	农户自防药剂 Types of farmers’ fungicide used	该地区发病率 Incidence in the region (%)	杀菌剂平均使用频率(次) Frequency of fungicide used (times)
库尔勒市 Korla	噻霉酮、农用链霉素、嘧菌酯、苯醚·甲环唑、氯溴异氰尿酸、氢氧化铜、中生菌素、哈茨木霉	20	4.5
阿瓦提乡 Awati village	植物杂源多酚、噻菌铜、枯草芽孢杆菌、氢氧化铜、波尔多液、宁南霉素	37	5.2
哈拉玉宫 Halayugong	氢氧化铜、噻霉酮、春雷霉素、寡雄腐霉、噻菌酮、松脂酸铜、乙蒜素	54	5.5
28、29团 28、29 corps	中生菌素、氢氧化铜、石硫合剂、波尔多液、噻菌铜、植物杂源多酚	61	6.4

杀菌剂 Fungicide	有效成分用量 Effective content	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control effect(%)
20%噻菌铜悬浮剂20%thiodiazole copper SC	400 mg/kg	0.83	68.5^abc
80%波尔多液可湿性粉剂80%bordeaux mixture WP	1 600 mg/kg	1.1	58^abcd
46%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂46%opper hydroxide WG	332.2 mg/kg	0.093	96.2^a
12%松脂酸铜乳油12%copper abietate EC	300 mg/kg	0.88	66.7^abc
2%春雷霉素水剂2%kasugamycin AS	33.3 mg/kg	0.6	77.3^ab
8%宁南霉素水剂8%ningnanmycin AS	40 mg/kg	1	54.5^abcd
3% 中生菌素可溶液剂3% zhongshengmycin SL	40.3 mg/kg	1.48	44^bcd
80%乙蒜素乳油80%ethylicin EC	1 000 mg/kg	2.31	12.5^de
1%香菇多糖水剂1%lentinan AS	14.7 mg/kg	1.71	35.2^bcd
5%氨基寡糖素水剂5% oligosaccharins AS	1.25 mg/kg	2.31	12.5^de
10×10⁸/g哈茨木霉可湿性粉剂 1 billion/g trichoderma harzianum WP	16.7×10⁸/kg	1.39	47.3^abcd
1000×10⁸/g枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂 100 billion /g bacillus subtilis WP	1 200×10⁸/kg	2.13	19.3^cde
21%过氧乙酸水剂21%peroxyacetic acid AS	0.504 mL/kg	3.1	-17.4^e
50%氯溴异氰尿酸可溶粉剂 50% chlorobromoisocy anuric acid SP	275 mg/kg	1.71	35.2^bcd
清水对照 CK	-	2.64	-

杀菌剂 Fungicide	有效成分用量 Effective content	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control effect(%)
20%噻菌铜悬浮剂20%thiodiazole copper SC	400 mg/kg	0.83	68.5^abc
80%波尔多液可湿性粉剂80%bordeaux mixture WP	1 600 mg/kg	1.1	58^abcd
46%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂46%opper hydroxide WG	332.2 mg/kg	0.093	96.2^a
12%松脂酸铜乳油12%copper abietate EC	300 mg/kg	0.88	66.7^abc
2%春雷霉素水剂2%kasugamycin AS	33.3 mg/kg	0.6	77.3^ab
8%宁南霉素水剂8%ningnanmycin AS	40 mg/kg	1	54.5^abcd
3% 中生菌素可溶液剂3% zhongshengmycin SL	40.3 mg/kg	1.48	44^bcd
80%乙蒜素乳油80%ethylicin EC	1 000 mg/kg	2.31	12.5^de
1%香菇多糖水剂1%lentinan AS	14.7 mg/kg	1.71	35.2^bcd
5%氨基寡糖素水剂5% oligosaccharins AS	1.25 mg/kg	2.31	12.5^de
10×10⁸/g哈茨木霉可湿性粉剂 1 billion/g trichoderma harzianum WP	16.7×10⁸/kg	1.39	47.3^abcd
1000×10⁸/g枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂 100 billion /g bacillus subtilis WP	1 200×10⁸/kg	2.13	19.3^cde
21%过氧乙酸水剂21%peroxyacetic acid AS	0.504 mL/kg	3.1	-17.4^e
50%氯溴异氰尿酸可溶粉剂 50% chlorobromoisocy anuric acid SP	275 mg/kg	1.71	35.2^bcd
清水对照 CK	-	2.64	-