Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the analysis of differences in morphological characteristics of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii of different geographical populations. 【Methods】 From 2020 to 2021,Gymnodiptychus dybowskii were collected from Manas River and Turks River, fish ecology was used to identify its morphological characteristics and analyze their different population biological traits. 【Result】 The differences in appearance characteristics between Manas River group and Turks River group of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii were more obvious, and the differences in body weight and body length between the two groups were significant (P<0.05), body width and head length, range and mean values in Manas River and Turks River were significantly different (P<0.01. Regression equation of body length and body weight: W_M=0.049L^{1.992 8}(R²=0.932,0),W_T=1.39×10-6L^{3.127 5}(R²=0.964,8).The growth trends of biological traits in different populations of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii were different: the head length of Manas River population was obvious, while that of Turks River population was body width. Combined with the Manas River population of 35 and the Turks River population of 65, the principal component 1 was 54.6%, and the principal component 2 was 11.6%. There was no overlap between either population; The main traits affecting principal component 1 were: body height, dorsal fin starting point to ventral fin starting point; The main traits affecting principal component 2 are: dorsal fin starting point to dorsal fin posterior base, dorsal fin starting point to hip fin starting point, dorsal fin starting point to caudal fin. The Manas River group and the Turks River group could be distinguished according to their shapes, and their functions are as follows: Y_M = -1,985.90-1,934.51X₁-2,020.77X₂ + 5,137.86X₃ + 2,858.24X₄ + 3,111.14X₅-2,376.61X₆ + 2,494.94X₇ + 4,382.91X₈; Y_T = -1,826.92-2,036.21X₁-1,770.91X₂ + 4,898.46X₃ + 3,679.48X₄ + 1,882.97X₅-919.60X₆ + 3,189.76X₇ + 4,632.12X₈. The growth traits body height, tongue length and eye cross were directly influential growth factors in the life history of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii and played a key role in guiding their selection and breeding. 【Conclusion】 Gymnodiptychus dybowskii,a common species in the north-south water system of the Tianshan Mountains, highly specialized fish, is extremely important for the diversity of water ecological environment, with widely varying morphological characters, typical heterogeneous plateau fishes, heterogeneous growth rates and instability, and obvious differences in growth traits among different groups, resource depletion has intensified, and there is an urgent need to carry out germplasm restoration and conservation to consolidate the ecological balance of Xinjiang's endemic fishery resources.

Key words: Gymnodiptychus dybowskii; morphological characteristics; growth trait; variance analysis

摘要：

【目的】 研究不同地理种群新疆裸重唇鱼的形态特征差异。【方法】 2020~2021年通过采集玛纳斯河和特克斯河新疆裸重唇鱼样本,运用鱼类生态学方法鉴定其形态特征,分析其不同种群生物学性状。【结果】 新疆裸重唇鱼,玛纳斯河群体和特克斯河群体外形特征差异较为明显,体重和体长两河群体差异显著(P<0.05),体宽和头长,玛纳斯河与特克斯河的范围值和均值差异极显著(P<0.01)。体长与体重回归方程:W_M=0.049L^{1.992 8}(R²=0.932 0),W_M=1.39×10^-6L^{3.127 5}(R²=0.964 8)。不同群体生物学性状生长趋势不同,玛纳斯河群体以头长明显,特克斯河群体则以体宽明显。玛纳斯河群体35尾和特克斯河群体65尾,主成分1是54.6%,主成分2是11.6%,两群体均无重叠;影响主成分1的主要性状是:体高、背鳍起点到腹鳍起点;影响主成分2是背鳍起点到背鳍后基、背鳍起点到臀鳍起点、背鳍起点到尾鳍下。玛纳斯河群体和特克斯河群体判别函数:Y_M=-1 985.90-1 934.51X₁-2 020.77X₂+5 137.86X₃+2 858.24X₄+3 111.14X₅-2 376.61X₆+2 494.94X₇+4 382.91X₈;Y_T=-1 826.92-2 036.21X₁-1 770.91X₂+4 898.46X₃+3 679.48X₄+1 882.97X₅-919.60X₆+3 189.76X₇+4 632.12X₈。【结论】 新疆裸重唇鱼生活史中,生长性状体高、吻长及眼间距是生长中直接影响生长因子。新疆裸重唇鱼,天山南北水系共同种,高度特化鱼类,对于水域生态环境的多样性丰富极为重要,形态特征差异较大,典型异质性的高原鱼类,生长异速,不稳定,不同群体生长性状差异明显。

关键词: 新疆裸重唇鱼, 形态特征, 生长性状, 差异