藏新黄芪种子生物学特性及破除休眠研究

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.08.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析藏新黄芪种子生物学特性及破除休眠研究。【方法】以新疆赛里木湖北部温性荒漠草原类草地（ZX01）和东部温性荒漠草原类草地（ZX02）区域的藏新黄芪（Astragalus tibetanus Benth.）为研究对象，观察其种子生物学特性、确定最适萌发温度阈值以及寻找最佳破除休眠的方法。【结果】新采收的藏新黄芪种子硬实率高达90%，仅有8%可吸水，摩擦种皮后的种子在48 h内迅速萌发，萌发率高达95%，表明该种质的胚是完全发育的，种皮不易透水是种子无法正常萌发的抑制因子；ZX01种子萌发的最适温度为20 ～25 ℃，ZX02种子为30 ℃；在破除休眠方法中，硫酸处理（20～30 min）>摩擦处理>液氮处理>高温处理，综合耗时和成本考虑，硫酸处理（20 min）效果最佳；摩擦处理次之，萌发率在95%以上，液氮和高温（50、70 °C）处理对破除藏新黄芪种子休眠无明显效果。【结论】藏新黄芪种子存在严重休眠，破除休眠后的种子均能够迅速萌发，表现出对温度和地域环境较强的适应能力。

关键词: 藏新黄芪; 种子; 生物学特性; 种皮硬实; 破除休眠

Abstract: 【Objective】Analyze the biological characteristics of Astragalus tibetanus Benth. seeds and explore methods for breaking their dormancy.【Methods】Taking the Tibetan Astragalus（Astragalus tibetanus Benth.）in the northern temperate grassland（ZX01）and eastern temperate desert grassland（ZX02）regions of Sayram Lake in Xinjiang as research objects，the seed biological characteristics were observed，the optimal germination temperature threshold was determined，and the best method to break dormancy was explored.【Results】The newly harvested Tibetan Astragalus seeds had a high hard seed rate of up to 90%，with only 8% able to absorb water. Seeds that were scarified germinated rapidly within 48 hours after scarification，with a germination rate of up to 95%，indicating that the embryos of this germplasm were fully developed，and the impermeability of the seed coat was the inhibitory factor for normal germination. The optimal germination temperature for ZX01 seeds was 20 °C to 25 °C，while for ZX02 seeds，it was 30 °C. In the dormancy-breaking methods，sulfuric acid treatment（20-30 min） > carification treatment > liquid nitrogen treatment > high-temperature treatment. Considering time and cost，sulfuric acid treatment（20 min）was the most effective，followed by scarification treatment，with a germination rate of over 95%，while liquid nitrogen and high-temperature（50 ° C and 70 °C）treatments had no significant effect on breaking dormancy of Tibetan Astragalus seeds.【Conclusion】In conclusion，Tibetan Astragalus seeds exhibit severe dormancy，but once the dormancy is broken，they can germinate rapidly，showing strong adaptability to temperature and regional environments.

Key words: Astragalus tibetanus Benth.; seed; biological characteristics; hard seed coat; dormancy release

中图分类号:

王静, 赵晓林, 许莹月, 马小龙, 李培英, 张云玲. 藏新黄芪种子生物学特性及破除休眠研究[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(8): 1842-1854.

WANG Jing, ZHAO Xiaolin, XU Yingyue, MA xiaolong, LI Peiying, ZHANG Yunling. Study on the biological characteristics and dormancy release of Astragalus tibetanus Benth. Seeds[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(8): 1842-1854.

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