镁肥施用策略对加工番茄产量和品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.04.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究镁肥施用次数及分配比例对石灰性土壤条件下加工番茄生长发育、产量及品质的影响,筛选出适宜加工番茄的镁肥施用方案。【方法】选择加工番茄品种金番3166为研究对象,设置4个处理:(1)DS3O:滴施3次+“前重”(苗期施用50%的硫酸镁);(2)DS3E:滴施3次+“后重”(膨大期施用50%的硫酸镁);(3)DS6O:滴施6次+“前重”;(4)DS6E:滴施6次+“后重”。【结果】施用次数镁肥(6次)和镁肥后期施用比例高(“后重”)能显著增加加工番茄的茎粗、叶片叶绿素含量和干物质积累量;同一时期镁肥用量越大(镁肥分配比例大)则增加加工番茄果实中氮和镁含量;提高镁肥滴施次数及镁肥后期施用比例高(“后重”)时显著增加加工番茄的产量和品质。【结论】硫酸镁总用量为450 kg/hm²(滴施6次)及分配比例为“后重”时(DS6E)加工番茄产量最高并且品质最优。

关键词: 镁肥; 加工番茄; 产量; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of magnesium fertilizer application times and distribution ratio on the yield and quality of processed tomatoes under calcareous soil conditions and screen the suitable magnesium fertilizer application scheme.【Methods】 The field experiment was carried out with Jinfan 3166 and magnesium sulfate as experimental materials, and four treatments were set up: (1) 3 times of fertilization + front weight (50% magnesium sulfate was applied at seedling stage, DS3O); (2) 3 times of fertilization + post weight (50% magnesium sulfate was applied at the swelling stage, DS3E); (3) 6 times of fertilization + front weight (DS6O); (4) 6 times of fertilization + post weight (DS6E).【Results】 The stem diameter, chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation of processed tomatoes were significantly increased by increasing the number of times of magnesium fertilizer drip application (6 times) and the high proportion of magnesium fertilizer application in the later stage ("post weight "). At the same time, the greater the dosage of magnesium fertilizer (the larger the distribution ratio of magnesium fertilizer), the higher the nitrogen and magnesium content in the processed tomato fruit and the lower the calcium content. The yield and quality of processed tomatoes were significantly increased when the times of magnesium fertilizer drip application and the proportion of magnesium fertilizer late application were high ("post weight ")【Conclusion】 The highest yield and the best quality of processed tomatoes are obtained when the amount of magnesium sulfate is 450 kg/hm², 6 times of drip application and the distribution ratio is post-weight(DS6E).

Key words: processed tomatoes; magnesium fertilizer; yield; quality

中图分类号:

S641.2

阮向阳, 蒲敏, 肖乐乐, 罗林毅, 陈瑞杰, 李然, 陈国永, 冶军. 镁肥施用策略对加工番茄产量和品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(4): 916-925.

RUAN Xiangyang, PU Min, XIAO Lele, LUO Linyi, CHEN Ruijie, LI Ran, CHEN Guoyong, YE Jun. Effect of magnesium sulfate fertilizer application strategy on the yield and quality of processed tomato[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(4): 916-925.

图/表 10

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生育时期 Growth stages	处理 Treatments	茎 Stem (g/株)	叶 Leaf (g/株)	果 Fruit (g/株)	合计 Total (g/株)
开花期	DS3O	8.11±0.78^a	51.03±1.78^a	/	59.14±1.63^a
Flowering period	DS3E	6.96±0.48^b	42.27±3.46^a	/	49.22±3.55^b
	DS6O	7.38±0.32^ab	47.78±6.04^a	/	55.16±5.79^ab
	DS6E	6.75±0.62^b	45.62±5.55^a	/	52.37±5.54^b
坐果期	DS3O	35.47±0.54^a	47.27±1.48^a	36.03±1.93^a	118.77±2.94^b
Fruiting period	DS3E	38.44±3.15^a	51.51±3.51^a	39.04±1.47^a	128.99±5.40^ab
	DS6O	38.11±3.41^a	48.91±3.33^a	40.65±4.29^a	127.67±6.89^ab
	DS6E	39.80±1.81^a	52.74±6.23^a	41.50±3.12^a	134.04±10.75^a
膨大期	DS3O	64.91±2.09^a	77.73±6.34^a	215.23±1.54^c	357.87±9.49^b
Expansion period	DS3E	67.95±6.35^a	76.58±4.68^a	224.00±3.99^b	368.53±10.82^b
	DS6O	66.28±7.33^a	78.96±2.44^a	227.33±3.22^b	372.56±6.96^ab
	DS6E	70.69±3.80^a	76.84±8.28^a	239.39±2.16^a	386.93±8.25^a

生育时期 Growth stages	处理 Treatments	茎 Stem (g/株)	叶 Leaf (g/株)	果 Fruit (g/株)	合计 Total (g/株)
开花期	DS3O	8.11±0.78^a	51.03±1.78^a	/	59.14±1.63^a
Flowering period	DS3E	6.96±0.48^b	42.27±3.46^a	/	49.22±3.55^b
	DS6O	7.38±0.32^ab	47.78±6.04^a	/	55.16±5.79^ab
	DS6E	6.75±0.62^b	45.62±5.55^a	/	52.37±5.54^b
坐果期	DS3O	35.47±0.54^a	47.27±1.48^a	36.03±1.93^a	118.77±2.94^b
Fruiting period	DS3E	38.44±3.15^a	51.51±3.51^a	39.04±1.47^a	128.99±5.40^ab
	DS6O	38.11±3.41^a	48.91±3.33^a	40.65±4.29^a	127.67±6.89^ab
	DS6E	39.80±1.81^a	52.74±6.23^a	41.50±3.12^a	134.04±10.75^a
膨大期	DS3O	64.91±2.09^a	77.73±6.34^a	215.23±1.54^c	357.87±9.49^b
Expansion period	DS3E	67.95±6.35^a	76.58±4.68^a	224.00±3.99^b	368.53±10.82^b
	DS6O	66.28±7.33^a	78.96±2.44^a	227.33±3.22^b	372.56±6.96^ab
	DS6E	70.69±3.80^a	76.84±8.28^a	239.39±2.16^a	386.93±8.25^a

生育时期 Growth stages	处理 Treatments	叶绿素a含量 Chlorophyll a (mg/g)	叶绿素b含量 Chlorophyll b (mg/g)	叶绿素总含量 Total chlorophyll content(mg/g)
开花期Flowering period	DS3O	1.63±0.02^a	0.75±0.02^b	2.37±0.02^ab
	DS3E	1.56±0.05^a	0.72±0.05^b	2.28±0.09^b
	DS6O	1.67±0.02^a	0.81±0.02^a	2.48±0.02^a
	DS6E	1.57±0.10^a	0.73±0.04^b	2.30±0.14^b
坐果期Fruiting period	DS3O	2.16±0.03^b	0.85±0.01^b	3.01±0.03^b
	DS3E	2.10±0.01^bc	0.79±0.01^c	2.89±0.01^c
	DS6O	2.25±0.06^a	0.89±0.03^a	3.14±0.04^a
	DS6E	2.07±0.02^c	0.81±0.02^c	2.88±0.03^c
膨大期Expansion period	DS3O	2.26±0.02^b	0.93±0.07^b	3.19±0.05^c
	DS3E	2.35±0.03^a	1.05±0.09^ab	3.40±0.12^ab
	DS6O	2.28±0.03^b	1.04±0.06^ab	3.32±0.07^bc
	DS6E	2.38±0.03^a	1.11±0.02^a	3.50±0.02^a

生育时期 Growth stages	处理 Treatments	叶绿素a含量 Chlorophyll a (mg/g)	叶绿素b含量 Chlorophyll b (mg/g)	叶绿素总含量 Total chlorophyll content(mg/g)
开花期Flowering period	DS3O	1.63±0.02^a	0.75±0.02^b	2.37±0.02^ab
	DS3E	1.56±0.05^a	0.72±0.05^b	2.28±0.09^b
	DS6O	1.67±0.02^a	0.81±0.02^a	2.48±0.02^a
	DS6E	1.57±0.10^a	0.73±0.04^b	2.30±0.14^b
坐果期Fruiting period	DS3O	2.16±0.03^b	0.85±0.01^b	3.01±0.03^b
	DS3E	2.10±0.01^bc	0.79±0.01^c	2.89±0.01^c
	DS6O	2.25±0.06^a	0.89±0.03^a	3.14±0.04^a
	DS6E	2.07±0.02^c	0.81±0.02^c	2.88±0.03^c
膨大期Expansion period	DS3O	2.26±0.02^b	0.93±0.07^b	3.19±0.05^c
	DS3E	2.35±0.03^a	1.05±0.09^ab	3.40±0.12^ab
	DS6O	2.28±0.03^b	1.04±0.06^ab	3.32±0.07^bc
	DS6E	2.38±0.03^a	1.11±0.02^a	3.50±0.02^a

生育时期 Growth stages	处理 Treat- ments	氮 Nitrogen (%)	磷 Phosphorus (%)	钾 Potassium (%)	钙 Calcium (g/kg)	镁 Magnesium (g/kg)
开花期	DS3O	1.74±0.06^a	0.48±0.04^b	1.42±0.02^a	21.60±0.50^a	4.79±0.04^a
Flowering period	DS3E	1.74±0.02^a	0.54±0.02^ab	1.44±0.05^a	20.98±0.50^a	4.78±0.03^a
	DS6O	1.76±0.03^a	0.49±0.05^ab	1.45±0.05^a	21.15±0.35^a	4.78±0.03^a
	DS6E	1.82±0.04^a	0.55±0.01^a	1.44±0.02^a	20.94±0.56^a	4.78±0.09^a
坐果期	DS3O	2.15±0.01^ab	0.49±0.03^b	1.56±0.03^a	22.51±0.81^ab	5.34±0.02^a
Fruiting period	DS3E	2.10±0.04^b	0.50±0.03^a	1.54±0.02^a	23.23±0.59^a	5.32±0.08^a
	DS6O	2.18±0.02^a	0.48±0.03^a	1.60±0.01^a	22.13±0.30^b	5.43±0.02^a
	DS6E	2.12±0.06^ab	0.52±0.02^b	1.58±0.05^a	22.79±0.29^ab	5.32±0.09^a
膨大期	DS3O	2.25±0.07^b	0.49±0.04^a	1.61±0.07^a	25.26±0.34^a	6.39±0.31^c
Expansion period	DS3E	2.33±0.06^ab	0.48±0.05^a	1.66±0.04^a	24.47±0.83^ab	6.99±0.14^ab
	DS6O	2.26±0.05^ab	0.47±0.02^a	1.62±0.09^a	24.38±1.81^ab	6.72±0.13^bc
	DS6E	2.36±0.03^a	0.50±0.05^a	1.64±0.02^a	23.18±0.32^b	7.18±0.07^a