播种量对旱地春小麦干物质积累、灌浆特性及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究适应新疆极度干旱条件的旱作农区春小麦适宜播种量。【方法】 采用单因素随机区组试验设计,设置150 kg/hm²(D₁)、225 kg/hm²(D₂)、300 kg/hm²(D₃)、375 kg/hm²(D₄)4个播种量,研究不同播种量对旱地春小麦干物质积累、籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响。【结果】 小麦单株干物质积累量基本随播种量的增加而减少,且各处理均在灌浆期达到峰值;随播种量增大,速增期和缓增期的持续时间及灌浆过程持续时间显著缩短,平均灌浆速率减小;播种量过大,速增期和缓增期的的灌浆速率及最大灌浆速率降低,达到最大灌浆速率的时间提前,灌浆持续期缩短;小麦的穗数随播种量的增加而增加,穗粒数、穗粒重、产量均随播种量的增加而减小;D₁处理的产量最高达1 659.28 kg/hm²,较其他3个处理依次极显著增产9.94%、12.84%、35.72%。【结论】 在极度干旱情形下,该区小麦以最小播种量150 kg/hm²为适宜。

关键词: 播种量; 旱地春小麦; 干物质积累; 灌浆特性; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 Find out the suitable sowing rate for dryland agricultural areas under the extreme drought conditions spring wheat in Xinjiang.【Methods】 The single factor randomized block experiment design was adopted in this experiment, the effects of different sowing rates on dry matter accumulation, grain filling characteristics and yield of spring wheat in dryland were studied by setting four sowing rates: 150 kg/hm²(D₁),225 kg/hm²(D₂),300 kg/hm²(D₃),375 kg/hm²(D₄).【Results】 The results showed that the dry matter accumulation per plant of wheat decreased with the increase of sowing rate, and each treatment reached the peak at the filling stage; With the increase of sowing rate, the duration of rapid increase period and slow increase period and grouting duration were significantly shortened, and the average grouting rate decreased; If the sowing rate is too large, the grouting rate and maximum grouting rate in the rapid increase period and slow increase period decrease, the time to reach the maximum grouting rate is advanced, and the grouting duration is shortened; The panicles of wheat increased with the increase of sowing rate, and the number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle and yield decreased with the increase of sowing rate; The highest yield of D₁ treatment was 1,659.28 kg/hm², which was significantly increased by 9.94%, 12.84% and 35.72% compared with the other three treatments.【Conclusion】 The minimum sowing rate of wheat in this area is 150 kg/hm².

Key words: sowing rate; dryland spring wheat; dry matter accumulation; grain filling characteristics; yield

中图分类号:

S512.1
S311

罗晓颖, 房彦飞, 孙婷婷, 唐江华, 王鲁振, 唐甜, 王晨, 徐文修. 播种量对旱地春小麦干物质积累、灌浆特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(11): 2704-2711.

LUO Xiaoying, FANG Yanfei, SUN Tingting, TANG Jianghua, WANG Luzhen, TANG Tian, WANG Chen, XU Wenxiu. The influence of sowing rate on dry matter sccumulation, grain filling characteristics and yield of dryland spring wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(11): 2704-2711.

图/表 5

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处理 Treat- ment	渐增期 Increasing period				速增期 Rapid growth period				缓增期 Slow increase period				T (d)	V_mean (g/d)
处理 Treat- ment	T₁ (d)	K₁ (g)	V₁ (g/d)	贡献率 Contribution rates(%)	T₂ (d)	K₂ (g)	V₂ (g/d)	贡献率 Contribution rates(%)	T₃ (d)	K₃ (g)	V₃ (g/d)	贡献率 Contribution rates(%)	T (d)	V_mean (g/d)
D₁	5.02^b	7.73^a	1.54^a	10.39	11.11^a	21.00^a	1.89^a	62.47	13.83^a	7.33^a	0.53^a	27.14	29.96^a	1.22^a
D₂	5.36^a	7.40^b	1.38^bc	11.56	10.49^b	20.14^b	1.92^a	61.59	13.06^b	7.05^b	0.54^a	26.84	28.91^b	1.21^a
D₃	4.75^c	6.70^c	1.41^b	10.47	10.37^c	18.35^c	1.77^b	62.63	12.91^c	6.33^c	0.49^a	26.90	28.03^c	1.13^b
D₄	4.93^b	6.46^d	1.31^c	11.33	9.98^d	17.56^d	1.76^b	62.35	12.41^d	5.96^d	0.48^a	26.32	27.32^d	1.12^b

处理 Treat- ment	渐增期 Increasing period				速增期 Rapid growth period				缓增期 Slow increase period				T (d)	V_mean (g/d)
处理 Treat- ment	T₁ (d)	K₁ (g)	V₁ (g/d)	贡献率 Contribution rates(%)	T₂ (d)	K₂ (g)	V₂ (g/d)	贡献率 Contribution rates(%)	T₃ (d)	K₃ (g)	V₃ (g/d)	贡献率 Contribution rates(%)	T (d)	V_mean (g/d)
D₁	5.02^b	7.73^a	1.54^a	10.39	11.11^a	21.00^a	1.89^a	62.47	13.83^a	7.33^a	0.53^a	27.14	29.96^a	1.22^a
D₂	5.36^a	7.40^b	1.38^bc	11.56	10.49^b	20.14^b	1.92^a	61.59	13.06^b	7.05^b	0.54^a	26.84	28.91^b	1.21^a
D₃	4.75^c	6.70^c	1.41^b	10.47	10.37^c	18.35^c	1.77^b	62.63	12.91^c	6.33^c	0.49^a	26.90	28.03^c	1.13^b
D₄	4.93^b	6.46^d	1.31^c	11.33	9.98^d	17.56^d	1.76^b	62.35	12.41^d	5.96^d	0.48^a	26.32	27.32^d	1.12^b

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	穗长 Spike length (cm)	无效穗数 Invalid panicle (10⁴/hm²)	不孕小穗数(个) Sterile spikelets (piece)	有效小穗数(个) Effective spikelets (piece)
D₁	51.20^aA	3.40^aA	8.00^aA	9.61^dD	5.47^dD	10.69^aA
D₂	47.79^bB	3.22^bB	7.83^bB	15.22^cC	5.80^cC	10.61^aA
D₃	44.03^cC	3.00^cC	7.61^cC	58.46^bB	7.36^bB	9.00^bB
D₄	41.58^dD	2.74^dD	7.12^dD	81.68^aA	7.68^aA	7.82^cC

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	穗长 Spike length (cm)	无效穗数 Invalid panicle (10⁴/hm²)	不孕小穗数(个) Sterile spikelets (piece)	有效小穗数(个) Effective spikelets (piece)
D₁	51.20^aA	3.40^aA	8.00^aA	9.61^dD	5.47^dD	10.69^aA
D₂	47.79^bB	3.22^bB	7.83^bB	15.22^cC	5.80^cC	10.61^aA
D₃	44.03^cC	3.00^cC	7.61^cC	58.46^bB	7.36^bB	9.00^bB
D₄	41.58^dD	2.74^dD	7.12^dD	81.68^aA	7.68^aA	7.82^cC

处理 Treat- ment	穗数 Panicles (10⁴ /hm²)	穗粒数(个) Grains per spike (piece)	穗粒重 Grain weight per ear (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
D₁	224.62^dD	21.85^aA	0.80^aA	1 659.28^aA
D₂	242.64^cC	20.86^aA	0.69^bA	1 509.27^bB
D₃	289.49^bB	15.12^bB	0.52^cB	1 470.45^cC
D₄	318.32^aA	12.11^cC	0.41^dB	1 222.61^dD