氮肥增效剂与氮肥减量配施对冬小麦叶片生理及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (6): 1319-1325.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.003

• 新疆主要粮食作物绿色丰产提质增效专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

氮肥增效剂与氮肥减量配施对冬小麦叶片生理及产量的影响

张永强¹(), 陈传信¹, 徐其江¹, 聂石辉¹, 雷钧杰¹(), 刘昌文²

1.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.喀什地区农业技术推广中心,新疆喀什,844000

收稿日期:2022-06-21 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-06-20
通信作者: 雷钧杰(1972-),男,甘肃古浪人,研究员,博士,研究方向为小麦高产栽培生理,(E-mail)leijunjie@sohu.com
作者简介:张永强(1988-),男,河南平舆人,副研究员,研究方向为作物高产优质栽培生理,(E-mail)zyq988@yeah.net
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2021B02002);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2021B02002-1);国家自然科学基金项目(31960379);国家自然科学基金项目(51879267);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”人才培养项目;现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-03-88)

Effects of combined application of nitrogen enhancer and nitrogen reduction on leaf physiology and yield of winter wheat

ZHANG Yongqiang¹(), CHEN Chuanxin¹, XU Qijiang¹, NIE Shihui¹, LEI Junjie¹(), LIU Changwen²

1. Research Insititute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science / Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,MOARA,Urumqi 830091, China
2. Kashgar Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Kashgar Xinjiang 844000, China

Received:2022-06-21 Published:2023-06-20 Online:2023-06-20
Supported by:
The Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021B02002);The Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021B02002-1);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960379);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51879267);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Tianshan Talents" talent training project;The earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-03-88)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究氮肥增效剂在小麦氮肥减施上的应用效果,为氮肥增效剂与氮肥减量配施在冬小麦生产中提供指导。【方法】2020~2021年度在大田条件下,以氮肥增效剂(CP)为材料,设置5个氮肥减量配施处理(减氮5%+CP、减氮15%+CP、减氮25%+CP、减氮35%+CP、减氮45%+CP)、1个常规模式和1个不施氮(对照),共计7个处理,研究不同处理对冬小麦叶片SPAD值、光合生理、产量及氮肥利用效率的影响。【结果】在使用氮肥增效剂(CP)条件下,减氮5%~25%时冬小麦的旗叶SPAD值仍有提高,减氮35%~45%时降低了冬小麦旗叶SPAD值;冬小麦旗叶Pn、Tr、Gs,在减氮5%时均有明显提高,减氮15%时略有提高,减氮25%时略有降低,减氮35%~45%时明显降低;冬小麦旗叶Ci与Pn、Tr、Gs基本呈现出相反的变化趋势。减氮模式下,CP提高冬小麦有效穗数、穗粒数,但减轻了千粒重。与常规模式相比,减氮5%~25%时小麦增产幅度在1.60%~5.88%,减氮35%~45%时小麦产量降低了6.22%~19.32%。与常规模式相比,CP提高了氮肥农学利用效率和氮肥偏生产力。【结论】氮肥减量15%~25%配施氮肥增效剂时冬小麦仍有增产,可实现冬小麦减氮不减产。

关键词: 氮肥增效剂; 冬小麦; 氮肥减施; 生理特性; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the application effect of nitrogenous fertilizer synergizer in wheat nitrogen fertilizer reduction, so as to provide guidance for combined application of nitrogenous fertilizer synergizer and nitrogenous fertilizer reduction in winter wheat production and application.【Methods】 From 2020 to 2021, a total of 7 treatments including 5 N fertilizer reduction combined with application (5% N reduction +CP, 15% N reduction +CP, 25% N reduction +CP, 35% N reduction +CP, 45% N reduction +CP), 1 farm household model and 1 no N application control were set up under field conditions with nitrogen fertilizer synergant (CP) as experimental material. The effects of different treatments on leaf SPAD value, photosynthetic physiology, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat were studied.【Results】 Under the condition of nitrogen fertilizer synergist (CP), the SPAD value of flag leaf of winter wheat still increased when nitrogen was reduced by 5%-25%, and decreased when nitrogen was reduced by 35%-45%. Pn, Tr and Gs of winter wheat flag leaves were significantly increased at 5% nitrogen reduction, slightly increased at 15% nitrogen reduction, slightly decreased at 25% nitrogen reduction, and significantly decreased at 35%-45% nitrogen reduction. Ci of winter wheat flag leaf showed the opposite trend to Pn, Tr and Gs. Under N reduction mode, CP increased the number of effective ears and grains per ear, but reduced the 1000-grain weight of winter wheat. Compared with the farmer model, the wheat yield increased by 1.60%-5.88% when nitrogen was reduced by 5%-25%, and the wheat yield decreased by 6.22%-19.32% when nitrogen was reduced by 35%-45%. Compared with the farm household model, CP improved the agronomic use efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer on the whole.【Conclusion】 The winter wheat could still increase yield when the nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 15%-25% and the nitrogen fertilizer synergist was applied, and the winter wheat could reduce nitrogen without reducing yield.

Key words: N fertilizer synergist; winter wheat; reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application; physiological characteristics; production

中图分类号:

S512

张永强, 陈传信, 徐其江, 聂石辉, 雷钧杰, 刘昌文. 氮肥增效剂与氮肥减量配施对冬小麦叶片生理及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1319-1325.

ZHANG Yongqiang, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, LEI Junjie, LIU Changwen. Effects of combined application of nitrogen enhancer and nitrogen reduction on leaf physiology and yield of winter wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(6): 1319-1325.

图/表 5

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处理 Treatments	追施氮肥量 (纯氮) Topdressing N fertilizer amount pure nitrogen (kg/hm²)	追肥时期、比例及追氮量 Topdressing period、proportion and N topdressing amount (kg/hm²)				氮肥增效剂 N fertilizer synergist (mL/hm²)	氮肥增效剂施用时期、比例及用量 N fertilizer synergist period、 proportion and dosage (mL/hm²)
处理 Treatments		返青期25% Regreening stage 25%	拔节期35% Jointing stage 35%	孕穗期25% Boot stage 25%	灌浆期15% Grouting period 15%	氮肥增效剂 N fertilizer synergist (mL/hm²)	返青期40% Regreening stage 40%	拔节期60% Jointing stage 60%
常规模式 Normal mode	300	75	105	75	45	0	0	0
减氮5%+CP N reduction 5%+CP	285	71.25	99.75	71.25	42.75	4 500	1 800	2 700
减氮15%+CP N reduction 15%+CP	255	63.75	89.25	63.75	38.25	4 500	1 800	2 700
减氮25%+CP N reduction 25%+CP	225	56.25	78.75	56.25	33.75	4 500	1 800	2 700
减氮35%+CP N reduction 35%+CP	195	48.75	68.25	48.75	29.25	4 500	1 800	2 700
减氮45%+CP N reduction 45%+CP	165	41.25	57.75	41.25	24.75	4 500	1 800	2 700
不施氮 No nitrogen application	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

处理 Treatments	追施氮肥量 (纯氮) Topdressing N fertilizer amount pure nitrogen (kg/hm²)	追肥时期、比例及追氮量 Topdressing period、proportion and N topdressing amount (kg/hm²)				氮肥增效剂 N fertilizer synergist (mL/hm²)	氮肥增效剂施用时期、比例及用量 N fertilizer synergist period、 proportion and dosage (mL/hm²)
处理 Treatments		返青期25% Regreening stage 25%	拔节期35% Jointing stage 35%	孕穗期25% Boot stage 25%	灌浆期15% Grouting period 15%	氮肥增效剂 N fertilizer synergist (mL/hm²)	返青期40% Regreening stage 40%	拔节期60% Jointing stage 60%
常规模式 Normal mode	300	75	105	75	45	0	0	0
减氮5%+CP N reduction 5%+CP	285	71.25	99.75	71.25	42.75	4 500	1 800	2 700
减氮15%+CP N reduction 15%+CP	255	63.75	89.25	63.75	38.25	4 500	1 800	2 700
减氮25%+CP N reduction 25%+CP	225	56.25	78.75	56.25	33.75	4 500	1 800	2 700
减氮35%+CP N reduction 35%+CP	195	48.75	68.25	48.75	29.25	4 500	1 800	2 700
减氮45%+CP N reduction 45%+CP	165	41.25	57.75	41.25	24.75	4 500	1 800	2 700
不施氮 No nitrogen application	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

处理 Treatments	有效穗数 Number of productive ear (10⁴穗/hm²)	穗粒数 Number of kernels per spike (粒/穗)	千粒重 1000-grain Weigh (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	氮肥农学利用效率 Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (kg/kg)	氮肥偏生产力 Partial factor productivity of nitrogen (kg/kg)
常规模式Normal mode	643.43^a	44.26^a	45.71^a	9 507.06^b	9.368^d	24.95^d
减氮5%+CP N reduction 5%+CP	656.45^a	45.57^a	45.58^a	10 066.52^a	11.281^b	27.50^c
减氮15%+CP N reduction 15%+CP	649.37^a	45.63^a	45.21^a	9 851.60^ab	11.648^b	29.32^b
减氮25%+CP N reduction 25%+CP	648.67^a	45.38^a	45.17^a	9 659.55^ab	12.163^a	31.57^a
减氮35%+CP N reduction 35%+CP	646.52^a	42.32^b	43.31^b	8 915.53^c	10.789^c	32.30^a
减氮45%+CP N reduction 45%+CP	612.65^b	40.54^c	41.72^c	7 670.40^d	7.043^e	31.18^a
不施氮 No nitrogen application	554.35^c	35.36^d	40.24^d	5 937.75^e	-	-

处理 Treatments	有效穗数 Number of productive ear (10⁴穗/hm²)	穗粒数 Number of kernels per spike (粒/穗)	千粒重 1000-grain Weigh (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	氮肥农学利用效率 Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (kg/kg)	氮肥偏生产力 Partial factor productivity of nitrogen (kg/kg)
常规模式Normal mode	643.43^a	44.26^a	45.71^a	9 507.06^b	9.368^d	24.95^d
减氮5%+CP N reduction 5%+CP	656.45^a	45.57^a	45.58^a	10 066.52^a	11.281^b	27.50^c
减氮15%+CP N reduction 15%+CP	649.37^a	45.63^a	45.21^a	9 851.60^ab	11.648^b	29.32^b
减氮25%+CP N reduction 25%+CP	648.67^a	45.38^a	45.17^a	9 659.55^ab	12.163^a	31.57^a
减氮35%+CP N reduction 35%+CP	646.52^a	42.32^b	43.31^b	8 915.53^c	10.789^c	32.30^a
减氮45%+CP N reduction 45%+CP	612.65^b	40.54^c	41.72^c	7 670.40^d	7.043^e	31.18^a
不施氮 No nitrogen application	554.35^c	35.36^d	40.24^d	5 937.75^e	-	-

氮肥增效剂与氮肥减量配施对冬小麦叶片生理及产量的影响

Effects of combined application of nitrogen enhancer and nitrogen reduction on leaf physiology and yield of winter wheat

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