播期对超晚冬麦茎秆性状及群体动态的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.001

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (6): 1301-1307.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.001

• 新疆主要粮食作物绿色丰产提质增效专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

播期对超晚冬麦茎秆性状及群体动态的影响

田文强¹(), 董艳雪¹, 史永清², 雷钧杰³, 孙刚刚¹, 王泓懿¹, 聂凌帆¹, 郭飞⁴, 艾洪玉², 石书兵¹, 张金汕¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆塔城地区农业科学研究所,新疆塔城 834799
3.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
4.新疆塔城地区农业技术推广中心,新疆塔城 834700

收稿日期:2022-10-21 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-06-20
通信作者: 张金汕(1987-),男,甘肃天水人,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)zhangjinshan0530@sina.com
作者简介:田文强(1997-),男,山东章丘人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物栽培,(E-mail)362959397@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目“新疆小麦绿色丰产提质增效技术优化集成及应用”(2021B02002-1)

Effects of sowing date on stem traits and population dynamics of ultra late winter wheat

TIAN Wenqiang¹(), DONG Yanxue¹, SHI Yongqing², LEI Junjie³, SUN Ganggang¹, WANG Hongyi¹, NIE Lingfan¹, GOU Fei⁴, AI Hongyu², SHI Shubing¹, ZHANG Jinshan¹()

1. College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Tacheng Prefecture, Tacheng Xinjiang 834799, China
3. Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
4. Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Tacheng Prefecture, Tacheng Xinjiang 834700, China

Received:2022-10-21 Published:2023-06-20 Online:2023-06-20
Supported by:
Key R&D Program Project of Xinjiang Uyigur Autonomous Region"Optimization, Integration and Application of High Yield,Fine Quality and Synergism Technology of Green Winter Wheat in Xinjiang"(2021B02002-1)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究播期对新疆北疆超晚播冬小麦茎秆性状及群体动态变化的规律,分析超晚播小麦与适期播种小麦生长差异,为超晚播小麦高产提供理论依据。【方法】采用随机区组设计,设5个超晚播期处理(T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄、T₅),以当地适期播种为对照(CK),比较不同播期对小麦主茎分蘖茎秆性状及群体总茎数、叶面积指数、干物质重动态变化的差异。【结果】与CK相比,超晚播小麦主茎、分蘖平均整齐度减少11.19%、25.99%,平均株高降低5.35%、6.70%,节间总长度降低9.27%、14.83%,第三节间长度减少18.05%、22.18%,第四节间减少25.73%、11.89%,超晚播小麦各处理间整齐度、株高及节间长度均以T₃处理最小;主茎平均节间直径几乎无差异,分蘖平均节间直径减少7.05%,T₃处理各直径指标较其它超晚播小麦处理均较大;总茎数峰值较CK峰值减少20.26%,叶面积指数峰值减少28.79%,成熟期干物质重减少17.01%,随超晚播小麦生长,总茎数均以T₁最高、T₃最低,叶面积指数和干物质重均为T₁>T₄>T₂>T₅>T₃。【结论】与适期播种冬小麦相比,新疆北疆超晚播小麦株高和整齐度降低,节间直径差异较小,总茎数、叶面积指数及群体干物质重大幅降低,群体质量差。超晚播小麦应选择在10月下旬至11月上旬田间无积雪无冻土时播种,出苗率较高,获得较合理的群体。

关键词: 超晚播; 冬小麦; 茎秆性状; 群体动态

Abstract:

【Objective】 To further explore the rules of stem traits and population dynamic changes of ultra-late sowing winter wheat in northern Xinjiang and study the growth difference between ultra-late sowing wheat and suitable sowing wheat in the hope of providing some theoretical basis for the winter wheat's high yield.【Methods】 Using a randomized block design, five ultra late sowing dates (T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄, T₅) were set up, and local suitable sowing dates were used as control (CK). The differences in dynamic changes in stem traits, population total stem number, leaf area index (LAI), and dry matter weight of wheat main stem tillers were compared among wheat of different sowing dates.【Results】 Compared with CK, the average evenness of main stem and tiller of ultra late sowing wheat decreased by 11.19% and 25.99%, the average plant height decreased by 5.35% and 6.70%, the total internode length decreased by 9.27% and 14.83%, the third internode length decreased by 18.05% and 22.18%, the fourth internode length decreased by 25.73% and 11.89%, and the evenness of each treatment, plant height, and internode length of ultra late sowing wheat were the smallest in T₃ treatment; The average internode diameter of the main stem had almost no difference, and the average internode diameter of the tiller decreased by 7.05%. The diameter indexes of T₃ treatment were larger than those of other ultra late sowing wheat treatments; The peak value of total stem number decreased by 20.26% compared to the peak value of CK, the peak value of leaf area index decreased by 28.79%, and the dry matter weight at maturity decreased by 17.01%. With the growth of ultra late sowing wheat, the total stem number was the highest in T₁ and the lowest in T₃, both of the leaf area index and the dry matter weight were T₁>T₄>T₂>T₅>T₃.【Conclusion】 Compared with winter wheat sown at suitable time, the plant height and uniformity of ultra late sown wheat in northern Xinjiang decrease, the difference in internode diameter is small, the total stem number, leaf area index, and dry matter of the population significantly decrease, and the population quality is poor. Through comprehensive consideration, ultra-late sowing wheat should be sown from late October to early November when there is no snow or frozen soil in the field, the emergence rate is high, thus obtaining a more reasonable population.

Key words: ultra late sowing; winter wheat; stem traits; population dynamics

中图分类号:

S512

田文强, 董艳雪, 史永清, 雷钧杰, 孙刚刚, 王泓懿, 聂凌帆, 郭飞, 艾洪玉, 石书兵, 张金汕. 播期对超晚冬麦茎秆性状及群体动态的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1301-1307.

TIAN Wenqiang, DONG Yanxue, SHI Yongqing, LEI Junjie, SUN Ganggang, WANG Hongyi, NIE Lingfan, GOU Fei, AI Hongyu, SHI Shubing, ZHANG Jinshan. Effects of sowing date on stem traits and population dynamics of ultra late winter wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(6): 1301-1307.

图/表 7

参考文献 22

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播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	株高 Plant height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes (cm)	节间长度(自下而上) Length of internode(cm)
播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	株高 Plant height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes (cm)	1	2	3	4
CK	22.45	92.08^a	49.08^a	3.02^b	9.65^ab	16.95^a	24.33^a
T₁	28.9	87.38^b	45.86^bc	3.99^ab	9.34^ab	15.00^b	18.84^b
T₂	15.67	88.26^b	45.57^bc	4.80^a	9.51^ab	14.00^bc	17.89^bc
T₃	14.75	83.17^c	41.21^d	3.79^ab	9.34^ab	13.43^c	17.42^c
T₄	21.78	87.45^b	43.20^cd	3.77^ab	9.29^b	13.47^c	17.92^bc
T₅	18.7	89.47^b	46.79^ab	4.42^a	10.50^a	13.57^c	18.30^bc

播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	株高 Plant height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes (cm)	节间长度(自下而上) Length of internode(cm)
播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	株高 Plant height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes (cm)	1	2	3	4
CK	22.45	92.08^a	49.08^a	3.02^b	9.65^ab	16.95^a	24.33^a
T₁	28.9	87.38^b	45.86^bc	3.99^ab	9.34^ab	15.00^b	18.84^b
T₂	15.67	88.26^b	45.57^bc	4.80^a	9.51^ab	14.00^bc	17.89^bc
T₃	14.75	83.17^c	41.21^d	3.79^ab	9.34^ab	13.43^c	17.42^c
T₄	21.78	87.45^b	43.20^cd	3.77^ab	9.29^b	13.47^c	17.92^bc
T₅	18.7	89.47^b	46.79^ab	4.42^a	10.50^a	13.57^c	18.30^bc

播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	分蘖高 Tiller height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes(cm)	节间长度(自下而上) Length of internode(cm)
播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	分蘖高 Tiller height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes(cm)	1	2	3	4
CK	19.70	89.76^a	51.65^a	3.87^cd	11.15^a	17.27^a	20.77^a
T₁	14.71	83.95^b	44.74^bc	3.21^d	9.65^bc	13.70^bc	18.18^b
T₂	17.09	84.59^b	45.87^b	4.81^abc	10.31^ab	13.14^bc	18.27^b
T₃	9.77	80.41^c	42.04^c	3.93^bcd	8.93^c	12.57^c	17.78^b
T₄	16.43	83.67^b	42.59^c	4.97^ab	9.67^bc	13.94^b	18.28^b
T₅	14.92	86.12^b	44.71^bc	5.32^a	10.32^ab	13.87^b	18.99^b

播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	分蘖高 Tiller height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes(cm)	节间长度(自下而上) Length of internode(cm)
播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	分蘖高 Tiller height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes(cm)	1	2	3	4
CK	19.70	89.76^a	51.65^a	3.87^cd	11.15^a	17.27^a	20.77^a
T₁	14.71	83.95^b	44.74^bc	3.21^d	9.65^bc	13.70^bc	18.18^b
T₂	17.09	84.59^b	45.87^b	4.81^abc	10.31^ab	13.14^bc	18.27^b
T₃	9.77	80.41^c	42.04^c	3.93^bcd	8.93^c	12.57^c	17.78^b
T₄	16.43	83.67^b	42.59^c	4.97^ab	9.67^bc	13.94^b	18.28^b
T₅	14.92	86.12^b	44.71^bc	5.32^a	10.32^ab	13.87^b	18.99^b

播种时间 Sowing time	主茎节间直径(自下而上) Internode diameter of main stem (mm)				主茎平均节间直径 Average internode diameter of main stem (mm)
播种时间 Sowing time	1	2	3	4	主茎平均节间直径 Average internode diameter of main stem (mm)
CK	3.18^a	3.47^ab	3.83^a	4.32^a	3.48^a
T₁	2.92^b	3.53^ab	3.96^a	3.86^b	3.50^a
T₂	2.93^b	3.41^b	3.76^a	3.85^b	3.45^a
T₃	3.05^ab	3.65^a	3.92^a	3.93^b	3.47^a
T₄	3.04^ab	3.58^ab	3.82^a	4.00^b	3.54^a
T₅	3.09^ab	3.64^a	3.77^a	3.89^b	3.60^a

播期对超晚冬麦茎秆性状及群体动态的影响

Effects of sowing date on stem traits and population dynamics of ultra late winter wheat

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播种时间 Sowing time	分蘖节间直径(自下而上) Tiller internode diameter (mm)				分蘖平均节间直径 Average internode diameter of tiller (mm)
播种时间 Sowing time	1	2	3	4	分蘖平均节间直径 Average internode diameter of tiller (mm)
CK	2.60^ab	2.85^a	3.31^a	3.38^ab	2.98^a
T₁	2.21^b	3.40^a	2.86^bc	2.86^c	2.83^ab
T₂	2.21^b	2.67^a	2.77^c	3.03^bc	2.64^ab
T₃	2.47^ab	2.81^a	3.03^b	3.66^a	2.92^ab
T₄	2.34^b	2.73^a	2.88^bc	3.18^abc	2.60^b
T₅	3.14^a	2.83^a	2.85^bc	3.16^abc	2.84^ab

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