不同类型叶面肥喷施对冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.012

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (9): 2182-2188.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.012

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

不同类型叶面肥喷施对冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

杨红梅¹(), 张跃强², 史应武¹, 吾买尔江·库尔班³, 林青¹, 王宁¹, 楚敏¹, 曾军¹()

1.新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所/新疆特殊环境微生物实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆农业科学院库车陆地棉试验站,新疆库车 842000

收稿日期:2022-12-10 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-09-19
通信作者: 曾军(1982-),男,新疆玛纳斯人,副研究员,研究方向为特殊环境光合细菌功能及生态学,(E-mail) leo924.student@sina.com
作者简介:杨红梅(1979-),女,湖北随州人,副研究员,研究方向为作物有益微生物,(E-mail) yhmzhyq@126.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室项目(2019D04019);新疆维吾尔自治区科技成果转化示范专项-科技特派员扶贫行动项目(2020C031);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项(xjkcpy-2020005)

Effects of different types of foliar fertilizers on grain yield and 1uality of winter wheat

YANG Hongmei¹(), ZHANG Yueqiang², SHI Yingwu¹, Omarjan Kurban³, LIN Qing¹, WANG Ning¹, CHU Min¹, ZENG Jun¹()

1. Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology/Institute of Applied Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. Key Laboratory of Oasis-Desert Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affair/Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Upland Cotton Experiment Station of Kuqa County, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kuqa Xinjiang 842000, China

Received:2022-12-10 Published:2023-09-20 Online:2023-09-19
Supported by:
Project of Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2019D04019);Demonstration Project of Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "the Poverty Alleviation Project of Science and Technology Commissioner"(2020C031);Key S & T Innovation Incubation Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjkcpy-2020005)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究灌浆期喷施不同类型叶面肥对冬小麦籽粒产量及品质的影响,为冬小麦叶面配方施肥及高效生产提供参考依据。【方法】以冬小麦品种新冬20号为供试材料,大田试验条件下,设吨田宝、磷酸二氢钾+尿素、光合菌肥、清水对照(CK,不施叶面肥)共4个处理,测定各处理冬小麦的籽粒产量及其构成因素、籽粒品质等指标。【结果】与CK相比,3种不同类型叶面肥均可显著提高小麦籽粒产量,增产效应大小依次为吨田宝>光合菌肥>磷酸二氢钾+尿素,增幅分别达到7.46%、6.08%、5.15%;叶面肥处理通过增加小麦穗粒重和千粒重提高小麦籽粒产量。3种类型叶面肥中,光合菌肥改善小麦籽粒品质的性能略优于磷酸二氢钾+尿素、吨田宝;与CK比较,3种类型叶面肥均显著提高了小麦粗蛋白质含量和面团稳定时间,光合菌肥还显著提高了小麦湿面筋含量。【结论】灌浆期适当施用叶面肥是冬小麦优质高产的一种有效技术措施,其中,光合菌肥对小麦籽粒产量和品质改善明显,可以应用于小麦生产。

关键词: 冬小麦; 叶面肥; 籽粒产量; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of spraying different types of foliar fertilizers on grain yield and quality of winter wheat in the hope of providing references for leaf formula fertilization and high-efficiency production of winter wheat.【Methods】 The wheat cultivars Xindong No.20 was used as testing material.Under field conditions, four treatments including Duntianbao, KH₂PO₄+ CO(NH₂)₂, Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) fertilizer, CK (spraying water) were set during grain filling stage.The grain yield, component factors and grain quality of winter wheat were determined.【Results】 Compared with CK, all the three kinds of foliar fertilizers could significantly increase the grain yield of wheat, and the yield-increasing effects of foliar fertilizer on the wheat was Duntianbao > KH₂PO₄+ CO(NH₂)₂ > PSB fertilizer, and their growth rates reached by 7.46%, 6.08% and 5.15%, respectively.Through the analysis of yield components, it was found that the three foliar fertilizer treatments could increase the grain yield of wheat mainly by increasing the 1,000-grain weight and kernels weight per spike.Among the three foliar fertilizers, the performance of PSB fertilizer in improving the grain quality of wheat was slightly better than those of KH₂PO₄+CO(NH₂)₂and Duntianbao.Compared with CK, three kinds of foliar fertilizer significantly increased wheat grain protein content and stabilization time, in addition, PSB fertilizer significantly increased wheat grain wet gluten content.【Conclusion】 Therefore, proper application of foliar fertilizer in grain filling stage is an effective technical measure for high quality and yield of winter wheat, among which, PSB fertilizer can significantly improve the grain yield and quality of wheat, so it can be used as an environment-friendly fertilizer for wheat production.

Key words: winter wheat; foliage fertilizers; grain yield; quality

中图分类号:

S512

杨红梅, 张跃强, 史应武, 吾买尔江·库尔班, 林青, 王宁, 楚敏, 曾军. 不同类型叶面肥喷施对冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2182-2188.

YANG Hongmei, ZHANG Yueqiang, SHI Yingwu, Omarjan Kurban, LIN Qing, WANG Ning, CHU Min, ZENG Jun. Effects of different types of foliar fertilizers on grain yield and 1uality of winter wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(9): 2182-2188.

图/表 5

参考文献 28

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处理 Treatment	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗数 Spike number (m²)	不孕小穗数 Infertile spikelet	可孕小穗数 Fertile spikelet	穗粒数 Kernels per spike	穗粒重 Kernels weight per spike (g)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
吨田宝 Duntianbao	7.17±0.03^a	706.56±9.25^a	2.33±0.33^a	14.33±0.33^a	41.73±1.79^a	1.71±0.06^a	38.37±0.03^a
磷酸二氢钾+尿素 KH₂PO₄+ CO(NH₂)₂	7.20±0.06^a	709.43±15.74^a	2.33±0.67^a	14.33±0.33^a	41.77±1.41^a	1.67±0.03^a	38.17±0.03^a
光合菌肥 PSB fertilizer	7.20±0.06^a	706.67±8.82^a	2.00±0.58^a	14.67±0.33^a	42.17±1.86^a	1.69±0.06^a	38.27±0.07^a
清水对照CK	7.10±0.01^a	694.33±3.48^a	2.67±0.33^a	14.00±0.58^a	41.57±1.22^a	1.46±0.05^b	36.27±0.15^b

处理 Treatment	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗数 Spike number (m²)	不孕小穗数 Infertile spikelet	可孕小穗数 Fertile spikelet	穗粒数 Kernels per spike	穗粒重 Kernels weight per spike (g)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
吨田宝 Duntianbao	7.17±0.03^a	706.56±9.25^a	2.33±0.33^a	14.33±0.33^a	41.73±1.79^a	1.71±0.06^a	38.37±0.03^a
磷酸二氢钾+尿素 KH₂PO₄+ CO(NH₂)₂	7.20±0.06^a	709.43±15.74^a	2.33±0.67^a	14.33±0.33^a	41.77±1.41^a	1.67±0.03^a	38.17±0.03^a
光合菌肥 PSB fertilizer	7.20±0.06^a	706.67±8.82^a	2.00±0.58^a	14.67±0.33^a	42.17±1.86^a	1.69±0.06^a	38.27±0.07^a
清水对照CK	7.10±0.01^a	694.33±3.48^a	2.67±0.33^a	14.00±0.58^a	41.57±1.22^a	1.46±0.05^b	36.27±0.15^b

处理 Treatment	容重 Bulk density (g/L)	硬度指数 Hardness index (%)	出粉率 Flour yield (%)
吨田宝 Duntianbao	795±3.38^a	69.00±1.53^a	63.32±0.22^a
磷酸二氢钾 +尿素 KH₂PO₄+ CO(NH₂)₂	792±2.08^a	69.67±0.88^a	63.40±0.58^a
光合菌肥 PSB fertilizer	792±1.20^a	70.00±1.15^a	64.12±0.58^a
清水对照CK	785±2.06^a	67.67±1.45^a	63.00±0.56^a

处理 Treatment	容重 Bulk density (g/L)	硬度指数 Hardness index (%)	出粉率 Flour yield (%)
吨田宝 Duntianbao	795±3.38^a	69.00±1.53^a	63.32±0.22^a
磷酸二氢钾 +尿素 KH₂PO₄+ CO(NH₂)₂	792±2.08^a	69.67±0.88^a	63.40±0.58^a
光合菌肥 PSB fertilizer	792±1.20^a	70.00±1.15^a	64.12±0.58^a
清水对照CK	785±2.06^a	67.67±1.45^a	63.00±0.56^a

处理 Treatment	吸水率 Water absorption (%)	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content (%)	形成时间 Development time (min)	稳定时间 Stabilization time (min)	沉降值 Sedimentation value (mL)
吨田宝 Duntianbao	61.57±0.78^a	29.73±0.09^ab	3.72±0.03^a	3.40±0.23^a	15.08±0.46^a
磷酸二氢钾+尿素 KH₂PO₄+ CO(NH₂)₂	60.93±0.22^a	30.28±0.05^a	3.70±0.02^a	3.29±0.15^a	15.23±0.14^a
光合菌肥 PSB fertilizer	61.30±0.52^a	30.30±0.04^a	3.73±0.16^a	3.50±0.06^a	15.57±0.12^a
清水对照CK	60.77±0.26^a	29.28±0.02^b	3.68±0.03^a	2.76±0.16^b	15.23±0.30^a

不同类型叶面肥喷施对冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

Effects of different types of foliar fertilizers on grain yield and 1uality of winter wheat

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