灌水频率和灌水量对温室黄瓜产量、品质及灌溉水利用效率的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究灌水频率和灌水量对黄瓜根系土壤水分分布及生长的影响，构建合理的日光温室滴灌技术体系。【方法】 以黄瓜品种黄乳4号为材料，在滴灌条件下设置1d（D₁）、3d（D₂）、5d（D₃）3个灌水频率和W₁（150 m³/667 m²）、W₂（200 m³/667 m²）、W₃（250 m³/667 m²）3个灌水量的田间试验，在生育期内测定黄瓜各项生长指标。【结果】 全生育期中，黄瓜耗水呈现初瓜期少，盛瓜期大，末瓜期少的规律；黄瓜株高、叶面积、果实干物质和产量随着灌水量的增大，均呈现增加趋势，随着灌水频率的增大，均呈现下降趋势，黄瓜产量在D₃W₃处理下达到最大，为11 380.1 kg/667 m²；灌溉水利用效率则随灌水量的增大呈现先增大后减小趋势且随灌水频率的增加逐渐降低，在D₃W₁处达最高，为67.21 kg/m³。黄瓜品质除可溶性固形物、果长、果径外，其他均随灌水量的增大呈现先增加后减小的趋势，在中水灌溉时达最大。【结论】 D₃W₂（5d，200 m³/667 m²）处理得分最高，表现为高产优质，且水分利用效率较高，为最佳滴灌频率和灌水量。

关键词: 黄瓜; 灌溉频率; 灌水量; 产量; 品质; 灌溉水利用效率

Abstract:

【Objective】 in order to construct a reasonable drip irrigation system in solar greenhouse，the effects of irrigation frequency and irrigation amount on root soil water distribution and growth of cucumber were studied. 【Method】 the field experiment was conducted on Cucumber Variety Huangru No.4 under drip irrigation with three irrigation frequencies of 1 d （D₁），3 d （D₂） and 5 d （D₃） and three irrigation amounts of W₁（150 m³/667 m²），W₂ （200 m³/667 m²） and W₃ （250 m³/667 m²） under drip irrigation conditions. The growth indexes of cucumber were observed during the growth period. 【Result】 during the whole growth period，the water consumption of cucumber showed the law of less in the initial stage，larger in the full stage and less in the last stage；the plant height，leaf area，fruitdry matter and yield of cucumber increased with the increase of irrigation amount，and decreased with the increase of irrigation frequency. The yield of cucumber reached the maximum under D₃W₃ treatment，which was 11 380.1 kg/667 m² The increase of irrigation amount first increased and then decreased，and gradually decreased with the increase of irrigation frequency，reaching the highest at D₃W₁，which was 67.21 kg/m^-3. Except soluble solids，Fruit length，Fruitdiameter ，the quality of cucumber increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount，and reached the maximum under reclaimed water irrigation. 【Conclusion】 Based on principal component analysis，D₃W₂ （5 d，200 m³/667 m²） had the highest score，which showed high yield and quality，and high water use efficiency，which was the best drip irrigation frequency and irrigation amount.

Key words: cucumber; irrigation frequency; irrigation amount; yield; quality; irrigation water use efficiency

中图分类号:

S682.1

摆虹霞, 张亚红, 马小连, 黄嘉俊. 灌水频率和灌水量对温室黄瓜产量、品质及灌溉水利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(9): 2136-2146.

BAI Hongxia, ZHANG Yahong, MA Xiaolian, HUANG Jiajun. Effects of Irrigation Frequency and Irrigation Amount on Yield，Quality and Irrigation Water use Efficiency of Greenhouse Cucumber[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(9): 2136-2146.

图/表 11

参考文献 28

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灌溉频率 Irrigation frequency	灌水量 Irrigation amount	单株结果数 Number of fruiting per plant	单果重 Single fruit weight （g）	小区产量 Plot yield （kg）	折合单产 Yield per mu （kg/667 m²）	IWUE （kg/m³）
D₁	W₁	33.2^e	114.8^b	167.6^e	7 642.2^e	50.95^d
	W₂	35.6^d	108.7^d	170.6^e	7 779.3^e	38.90^f
	W₃	40^c	111.4^c	192.7^d	8 786.1^d	35.77^g
D₂	W₁	40^c	109.5^d	196.1^cd	8 942.3^cd	62.47^b
	W₂	39.7^c	117.2^a	205.5^c	9 370.2^c	46.65^d
	W₃	41.3^c	117.8^a	214.4^b	9 774.5^b	39.10^f
D₃	W₁	43.5^b	115.5^b	221.1^b	10 082.0^b	67.21^a
	W₂	50.5^a	108.3^d	240.8^a	10 977.7^a	54.89^c
	W₃	49.7^a	114.2^b	249.6^a	11 380.1^a	45.52^e
显著性检验（F值）Significant level（F value）
灌溉频率Irrigation frequency		359.5**	28.8**	292.5**	292.5**	268.3**
灌水量Irrigation amount		40.2**	25.7**	41.9**	41.9**	57.0**
灌溉频率×灌水量 Irrigation frequency×Irrigation amount		30.8**	69.0**	6.2**	6.2**	10.1**

灌溉频率 Irrigation frequency	灌水量 Irrigation amount	单株结果数 Number of fruiting per plant	单果重 Single fruit weight （g）	小区产量 Plot yield （kg）	折合单产 Yield per mu （kg/667 m²）	IWUE （kg/m³）
D₁	W₁	33.2^e	114.8^b	167.6^e	7 642.2^e	50.95^d
	W₂	35.6^d	108.7^d	170.6^e	7 779.3^e	38.90^f
	W₃	40^c	111.4^c	192.7^d	8 786.1^d	35.77^g
D₂	W₁	40^c	109.5^d	196.1^cd	8 942.3^cd	62.47^b
	W₂	39.7^c	117.2^a	205.5^c	9 370.2^c	46.65^d
	W₃	41.3^c	117.8^a	214.4^b	9 774.5^b	39.10^f
D₃	W₁	43.5^b	115.5^b	221.1^b	10 082.0^b	67.21^a
	W₂	50.5^a	108.3^d	240.8^a	10 977.7^a	54.89^c
	W₃	49.7^a	114.2^b	249.6^a	11 380.1^a	45.52^e
显著性检验（F值）Significant level（F value）
灌溉频率Irrigation frequency		359.5**	28.8**	292.5**	292.5**	268.3**
灌水量Irrigation amount		40.2**	25.7**	41.9**	41.9**	57.0**
灌溉频率×灌水量 Irrigation frequency×Irrigation amount		30.8**	69.0**	6.2**	6.2**	10.1**

处理 Handle	单株结果数 Number of fruitingper plant	单果重 Singlefruit weight	小区产量 Plot yield	折合667m²产 Yield per mu	IWUE_Y	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids	VC含量 VC content	有机酸 Organic acids
D₁W₁	-1.501 03	0.480 07	-1.373 72	-1.373 99	0.174 79	0.162 11	1.785 55	-1.601 12	-1.332 88
D₁W₂	-1.081 6	-1.188 02	-1.267 75	-1.267 73	-0.934 39	1.035 07	0.556 96	0.698 11	0.068 11
D₁W₃	-0.312 63	-0.449 68	-0.487 08	-0.487 39	-1.222 49	0.137 69	0.090 1	-0.149 91	-0.632 12
D₂W₁	0.141 75	-0.969 25	-0.366 98	-0.366 32	1.235 18	0.711 52	0.802 68	-0.512 75	1.118 73
D₂W₂	-0.365 06	1.136 37	-0.034 93	-0.034 67	-0.221 02	1.248 73	0.507 82	1.578 51	1.469 11
D₂W₃	-0.085 44	1.300 44	0.279 45	0.278 69	-0.915 98	-1.669 27	-0.966 49	-0.755 38	0.768 35
D₃W₁	0.299 04	0.671 49	0.516 13	0.517 02	1.671 48	-0.594 86	-0.720 77	-0.632 89	-1.332 88
D₃W₂	1.522 39	-1.297 4	1.212 01	1.211 25	0.537 46	0.241 47	-0.917 35	1.044 73	0.068 11
D₃W₃	1.382 58	0.315 99	1.522 87	1.523 14	-0.325 03	-1.272 47	-1.138 49	0.330 7	-0.194 54

处理 Handle	单株结果数 Number of fruitingper plant	单果重 Singlefruit weight	小区产量 Plot yield	折合667m²产 Yield per mu	IWUE_Y	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids	VC含量 VC content	有机酸 Organic acids
D₁W₁	-1.501 03	0.480 07	-1.373 72	-1.373 99	0.174 79	0.162 11	1.785 55	-1.601 12	-1.332 88
D₁W₂	-1.081 6	-1.188 02	-1.267 75	-1.267 73	-0.934 39	1.035 07	0.556 96	0.698 11	0.068 11
D₁W₃	-0.312 63	-0.449 68	-0.487 08	-0.487 39	-1.222 49	0.137 69	0.090 1	-0.149 91	-0.632 12
D₂W₁	0.141 75	-0.969 25	-0.366 98	-0.366 32	1.235 18	0.711 52	0.802 68	-0.512 75	1.118 73
D₂W₂	-0.365 06	1.136 37	-0.034 93	-0.034 67	-0.221 02	1.248 73	0.507 82	1.578 51	1.469 11
D₂W₃	-0.085 44	1.300 44	0.279 45	0.278 69	-0.915 98	-1.669 27	-0.966 49	-0.755 38	0.768 35
D₃W₁	0.299 04	0.671 49	0.516 13	0.517 02	1.671 48	-0.594 86	-0.720 77	-0.632 89	-1.332 88
D₃W₂	1.522 39	-1.297 4	1.212 01	1.211 25	0.537 46	0.241 47	-0.917 35	1.044 73	0.068 11
D₃W₃	1.382 58	0.315 99	1.522 87	1.523 14	-0.325 03	-1.272 47	-1.138 49	0.330 7	-0.194 54

序号 Serial number	特征值 Characteristic value	贡献率 Contribution rate（%）	累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate（%）
1	4.236	47.067	47.067
2	2.039	22.658	69.725
3	1.32	14.664	84.389
4	0.844	9.373	93.761
5	0.427	4.74	98.501
6	0.122	1.351	99.851
7	0.013	0.145	99.996
8	0	0.004	100