棉花种质综合性状鉴定及资源利用分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (1): 30-38.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.004

• 作物遗传育种·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇下一篇

棉花种质综合性状鉴定及资源利用分析

曹阳¹(), 严玉萍¹, 朱波¹, 冯振秀¹, 周小凤², 吕博³, 张燕¹, 方瑞¹

1.新疆生产建设兵团第五师农业科学研究所,新疆双河 833400
2.新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所,新疆石河子 832000
3.湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业部长江中游棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,武汉 430070

收稿日期:2021-01-25 出版日期:2022-01-20 发布日期:2022-02-18
作者简介:曹阳(1971-),男,河南人,研究员,研究方向为棉花遗传育种,(E-mail) 1725235568@qq.com
基金资助:
兵团重点领域创新团队(2020CB004);新疆生产建设兵团第五师科技计划(21NY09);新疆生产建设兵团第五师科技计划(2019NY002);新疆生产建设兵团第五师科技计划(21NY04);新疆生产建设兵团第五师科技计划(20NY02);新疆生产建设兵团第五师科技计划(2019ZG001);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0101600);兵团育种专项(2016AC027)

Comprehensive Traits Identification and Resource Utilization Analysis of Cotton Germplasm

CAO Yang¹(), YAN Yuping¹, ZHU Bo¹, FENG Zhenxiu¹, ZHOU Xiaofeng², LÜ Bo³, ZHANG Yan¹, FANG Rui¹

1. Agricultural Science Institute of the Fifth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shuanghe Xinjiang 833400, China
2. Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Land Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
3. Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Breeding in the Middle Reaches of the Changjiang River/ Industrial Crops Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China

Received:2021-01-25 Published:2022-01-20 Online:2022-02-18
Supported by:
Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Innovation Team in Key Areas(2020CB004);The Science and Technology Plan of Fifth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(21NY09);The Science and Technology Plan of Fifth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2019NY002);The Science and Technology Plan of Fifth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(21NY04);The Science and Technology Plan of Fifth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(20NY02);The Science and Technology Plan of Fifth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2019ZG001);National Key Research and Development Program(2017YFD0101600);Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Breeding Project(2016AC027)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究种质性状分布及变异特点,筛选出核心资源,选育出符合新疆棉花产业需求的品种。【方法】以保存396份陆地棉品种资源为材料,采用田间鉴定方法,分析6个表型生育性状、6个经济学性状、5个纤维品质性状及田间黄萎病变异及分布。【结果】供试陆地棉种质具有丰富的遗传多样性,生育期在116~125 d适宜范围的占51.8%; 60.0 cm以上较高株型的材料较少,占比17.9%;始果节高度在20.0 cm以上占比39.9%,可满足新疆机采棉采收需求;铃重以5.0~5.4 g居多,占总数39.4%;衣分整体较高,超过40%的占68.7%;产量差异大,籽棉以4 501~5 250 kg/hm²较多,占总数28.0%,皮棉2 400 kg/hm²以上高产种质占20.0%。发病高峰平均校正病指22.9,病指10.0以下的有73份,10.0~20.0的有125份;纤维长度30.0 mm以上占36.7%,马克隆值 3.7~4.2(A级)占比33.6%,比强度30.0 cN/tex以上占比69.2%,其中超过32.0 cN/tex有104个,占总数26.3%。生育性状变异程度,空果枝数>始果节高>株高>果枝数>始果节位>生育期;经济性状变异程度,皮棉产量>籽棉产量>单株铃数>铃重>籽指>衣分;纤维品质变异程度,比强度>马克隆值>纤维长度,整齐度和伸长率变异很小,变异系数分别为1.21%、1.87%;各种质间黄萎病变异系数高,可选抗病种质利用。【结论】鉴定出红叶材料1份、鸡脚叶材料3份、无酚材料2份及高比强等特异资源。筛选出新陆早82号、新陆早61号、鲁K638等16份品质与产量等性状匹配的、不同地域来源的优异种质。

关键词: 棉花; 种质; 性状; 变异; 鉴定

Abstract:

【Objective】 The comprehensive traits of bred varieties depend on the quality of germplasm. Through the method of field identification and analysis, we can grasp the distribution and variation characteristics of germplasm resources, and screen out the core resources that are of great value for scientific research, and can be used to breed breakthrough varieties that meet the needs of cotton industry in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Based on 396 upland cotton varieties, the variation and distribution of 6 phenotypic growth characters, 6 economic characters, 5 fiber quality characters and variation and distribution of Verticillium wilt in field were studied from 2018 to 2019. 【Results】 There was rich genetic diversity in the tested cotton germplasm resources. The proportion of growth period between 116 and 125 was 51.8%; the proportion of plant height over 60.0 cm was 17.9%; the proportion of the first fruit node height over 20.0 cm was 39.9%, which could meet the demand of cotton harvesting by machine in Xinjiang; the proportion of boll weight between 5.0 g and 5.4 g was 39.4%; the proportion of lint percentage over 40% was 68.7%; the proportion of seed cotton yield between 4,501 and 5,250 kg/hm² was 28.0%; the proportion of lint yield over 2,400 kg/hm² was 20.0%. The average corrected disease index at the peak of the disease was 22.9, while the number of disease index below 10.0 was 73 and the number of disease index between 10.0 and 20.0 was 125; the proportion of fiber length over 30.0 mm was 36.7%, micronaire values between 3.7 and 4.2 g (grade A) was 33.6%, and fiber strength over 30.0 cN/tex was 69.2%, of which 104 exceeded 32.0 cN/tex accounting for 26.3% of the total. The degree of variation of growth characters was empty fruit branch number > first fruit node height > plant height > fruit branch number > first fruit node position > growth period; the degree of variation of economic characters was lint yield > seed cotton yield > boll number per plant > boll weight > seed index > lint percentage; the degree of variation of fiber quality was fiber strength > micronaire value > fiber length, and the variation range of uniformity and elongation was very small which were 1.21% and 1.87%, respectively. The coefficient of variation of disease of Verticillium wilt in all kinds of the tested germplasm was high, which could be used to breed disease resistant germplasm. 【Conclusion】 One line with red leaf, 3 lines with chicken foot leaf, 2 lines with phenol-free and several lines with high fiber strength are identified in this research and sixteen excellent germplasm resources with high quality and yield from different regional sources, such as Xinluzao 82, Xinluzao 61 and LuK 638, are selected, which might be used in breeding, and expanding the genetic diversity of new cotton varieties in Xinjiang.

Key words: cotton; germplasm; trait; variation; identification

中图分类号:

S562

曹阳, 严玉萍, 朱波, 冯振秀, 周小凤, 吕博, 张燕, 方瑞. 棉花种质综合性状鉴定及资源利用分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(1): 30-38.

CAO Yang, YAN Yuping, ZHU Bo, FENG Zhenxiu, ZHOU Xiaofeng, LÜ Bo, ZHANG Yan, FANG Rui. Comprehensive Traits Identification and Resource Utilization Analysis of Cotton Germplasm[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(1): 30-38.

图/表 12

参考文献 21

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株高Plant height(cm)	30.0~39.9	40.0~49.9	50.0~59.9	60.0~69.9	70.0~79.9
品种数Number of varieties	4	114	207	69	2
占总数Percentage(%)	1.0	28.8	52.3	17.4	0.5
果枝数(个)Fruit branch number	5.0~5.9	6.0~6.9	7.0~7.9	8.0~8.9	9.0~9.9
品种数Number of varieties	23	109	169	89	6
占总数Percentage(%)	5.8	27.5	42.7	22.5	1.5
始果节位First fruit node position	3.0~3.9	4.0~4.9	5.0~5.9	6.0~6.9	7.0~7.9
品种数Number of varieties	3	43	237	107	6
占总数Percentage(%)	0.8	10.9	59.8	27.0	1.5
始果节高度First fruit node height(cm)	≤10	10.1~15.0	15.1~20.0	20.1~25.0	25.1~30.0
品种数Number of varieties	1	40	197	146	12
占总数Percentage(%)	0.3	10.1	49.7	36.9	3.0
空果枝数(个)Empty fruit branch number	0~0.9	1.0~1.9	2.0~2.9	3.0~3.9	4.0~4.9
品种数Number of varieties	15	137	178	57	9
占总数Percentage(%)	3.8	34.6	44.9	14.4	2.3
单株铃数(个)Boll number per plant	3.0~3.9	4.0~4.9	5.0~5.9	6.0~6.9	≥7.0
品种数Number of varieties	24	83	154	90	45
占总数Percentage(%)	6.1	21.0	38.9	22.7	11.4

株高Plant height(cm)	30.0~39.9	40.0~49.9	50.0~59.9	60.0~69.9	70.0~79.9
品种数Number of varieties	4	114	207	69	2
占总数Percentage(%)	1.0	28.8	52.3	17.4	0.5
果枝数(个)Fruit branch number	5.0~5.9	6.0~6.9	7.0~7.9	8.0~8.9	9.0~9.9
品种数Number of varieties	23	109	169	89	6
占总数Percentage(%)	5.8	27.5	42.7	22.5	1.5
始果节位First fruit node position	3.0~3.9	4.0~4.9	5.0~5.9	6.0~6.9	7.0~7.9
品种数Number of varieties	3	43	237	107	6
占总数Percentage(%)	0.8	10.9	59.8	27.0	1.5
始果节高度First fruit node height(cm)	≤10	10.1~15.0	15.1~20.0	20.1~25.0	25.1~30.0
品种数Number of varieties	1	40	197	146	12
占总数Percentage(%)	0.3	10.1	49.7	36.9	3.0
空果枝数(个)Empty fruit branch number	0~0.9	1.0~1.9	2.0~2.9	3.0~3.9	4.0~4.9
品种数Number of varieties	15	137	178	57	9
占总数Percentage(%)	3.8	34.6	44.9	14.4	2.3
单株铃数(个)Boll number per plant	3.0~3.9	4.0~4.9	5.0~5.9	6.0~6.9	≥7.0
品种数Number of varieties	24	83	154	90	45
占总数Percentage(%)	6.1	21.0	38.9	22.7	11.4

铃重Boll weight			衣分Lint percentage			籽指Seed index
平均 Average (g)	品种数目 Number of varieties	占总数 Percentage (%)	平均 Average (%)	品种数目 Number of varieties	占总数 Percentage (%)	平均 Average (g)	品种数目 Number of varieties	占总数 Percentage (%)
<4.0	8	2.0	<35.0	22	5.6	8.0~8.9.0	13	3.3
4.0~4.4	41	10.4	35.1~37.9	43	10.9	9.0~9.9	90	22.7
4.5~4.9	112	28.3	38.0~39.9	59	14.9	10.0~10.9	183	46.2
5.0~5.4	156	39.4	40.0~41.9	95	24.0	11.0~11.9	88	22.2
5.5~5.9	68	17.2	42.0~43.9	121	30.6	12.0~12.9	15	3.8
6.0~6.4	10	2.5	44.0~45.9	46	11.6	13.0~13.9	4	1.0
≥6.5	1	0.3	≥46.0	10	2.5	≥14	3	0.8

铃重Boll weight			衣分Lint percentage			籽指Seed index
平均 Average (g)	品种数目 Number of varieties	占总数 Percentage (%)	平均 Average (%)	品种数目 Number of varieties	占总数 Percentage (%)	平均 Average (g)	品种数目 Number of varieties	占总数 Percentage (%)
<4.0	8	2.0	<35.0	22	5.6	8.0~8.9.0	13	3.3
4.0~4.4	41	10.4	35.1~37.9	43	10.9	9.0~9.9	90	22.7
4.5~4.9	112	28.3	38.0~39.9	59	14.9	10.0~10.9	183	46.2
5.0~5.4	156	39.4	40.0~41.9	95	24.0	11.0~11.9	88	22.2
5.5~5.9	68	17.2	42.0~43.9	121	30.6	12.0~12.9	15	3.8
6.0~6.4	10	2.5	44.0~45.9	46	11.6	13.0~13.9	4	1.0
≥6.5	1	0.3	≥46.0	10	2.5	≥14	3	0.8

籽棉产量Seed cotton yield			皮棉产量Lint yield
平均 Average(kg/hm²)	品种数目(个) Number of varieties	占总数 Percentage(%)	平均 Average(kg/hm²)	品种数目(个) Number of varieties	占总数 Percentage(%)
<2 250	3	0.8	<1 050	9	2.3
2 250~3 000	10	2.5	1 051~1 500	61	15.4
3 001~3 750	47	11.9	1 501~1 800	85	21.5
3 751~4 500	100	25.3	1 801~2 100	97	24.5
4 501~5 250	111	28.0	2 101~2 400	61	15.4
5 251~6 000	80	20.2	2 401~2 700	53	13.4
6 001~6 750	28	7.1	2 701~3 000	15	3.8
6 751~7 500	9	2.3	3 001~3 300	11	2.8
7 501~8 250	5	1.3	3 301~3 750	2	0.5
≥8 251	3	0.8	≥3 751	2	0.5

棉花种质综合性状鉴定及资源利用分析

Comprehensive Traits Identification and Resource Utilization Analysis of Cotton Germplasm

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Metrics

调查时间 Investigation time	项目 Project	0	0.1~5.0	5.1~10.0	10.1~20.0	20.1~35.0	≥35.1
6月底病指 Disease index at the end of June	品种数	218	169	9	0	0	0
6月底病指 Disease index at the end of June	占总数(%)	55.1	42.7	2.3	0	0	0
8月底校正病指 Correction of disease index at the end of August	品种数	5	21	47	125	127	71
8月底校正病指 Correction of disease index at the end of August	占总数(%)	1.3	5.3	11.9	31.6	32.1	17.9

纤维长度Fiber length(mm)	22.0~27.9	28.0~29.9	30.0-30.9	31.0~31.9	32.0~35.0
品种数Number of varieties	52	199	98	35	12
占总数Percentage(%)	13.1	50.3	24.7	8.8	3.0
整齐度Uniformity(%)	<77.0	77.0~79.9	80.0~82.9	83.0~85.9	≥86.0
品种数Number of varieties	0	0	6	220	170
占总数Percentage(%)	0.0	0.0	1.5	55.6	42.9
马克隆值Micronaire value	3.7~4.2	3.5~3.6	4.3~4.9	3.4及以下	5.0及以上
品种数Number of varieties	133	13	219	9	22
占总数Percentage(%)	33.6	3.3	55.3	2.3	5.6
比强度Fiber strength(cN/tex)	20.0~27.9	28.0~29.9	30.0~31.9	32.0~33.9	≥34.0
品种数Number of varieties	45	77	73	97	104
占总数Percentage(%)	11.4	19.4	18.4	24.5	26.3
伸长率Elongation(%)	≤6.6	6.7	6.8	6.9	≥7.0
品种数Number of varieties	21	50	126	109	90
占总数Percentage(%)	5.3	12.6	31.8	27.5	22.7

种质名称 Germplasm name	生育期 Growth period (d)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg/hm²)	纤维长度 Fiber length (mm)	马值隆值 Micronaire value	比强度 Fiber strength (cN/tex)	校正病指 Corrected disease index
新陆早82号(Y17)	119	42.7	3 871.5	28.7	4.3	32.7	19.7
K2725	118	45.5	3 471.0	29.5	4.3	31.8	8.9
石K14	117	40.6	3 387.8	29.6	4.4	32.6	18.7
鲁K638	130	42.8	3 222.0	28.5	5.2	29.3	0.0
JF-2	121	40.4	3 180.0	32.3	3.8	36.9	2.4
新陆早61号	121	43.1	3 153.8	30.4	4.2	35.6	5.2
国欣棉3号	129	41.6	3 134.3	30.8	4.7	32.9	16.2
SW1	123	42.7	3 111.0	29.9	3.8	37.1	12.5
G2-2-5	123	41.4	3 054.8	32.0	4.3	39.2	1.0
晋棉36号	121	44.2	2 861.3	28.8	4.8	31.0	11.9
B4-23	125	44.5	2 840.3	30.2	4.6	33.2	4.6
光叶岱字棉	119	43.6	2 827.5	30.0	4.2	37.0	15.3
新陆中15号	126	42.4	2 739.0	29.5	4.1	35.2	18.5
新陆中42号	120	42.8	2 716.5	29.5	4.0	32.0	11.2
邯棉885	130	43.4	2 675.3	30.9	4.4	34.7	17.0
豫棉20	128	41.4	2 625.0	30.6	4.2	32.0	6.7

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