新疆春小麦产业发展现状及趋势

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.S1.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (S1): 7-11.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.S1.002

新疆春小麦产业发展现状及趋势

贾永红(), 魏海鹏, 曾潮武, 李建疆(), 梁晓东()

新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院作物研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2025-06-20 出版日期:2025-10-10 发布日期:2025-10-29
通信作者: 李建疆(1971-),男,新疆人,研究员,硕士,研究方向为春小麦育种与栽培,(E-mail)lijjxj@126.com;
梁晓东(1978-),男,新疆石河子人,研究员,硕士,研究方向为春小麦育种与栽培,(E-mail)lxdxj@126.com
作者简介:贾永红(1982-),女,新疆人,正高级农艺师,硕士,研究方向为春小麦育种与栽培,(E-mail)jiayonghong043@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系巴里坤综合试验站;新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系;庭州英才计划-庭州科技创新团队项目“小麦种质资源表型、功能基因标记鉴定与应用创新”(2023CT01);新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院青年理论学习小组调研项目

Current status and development trends of the spring wheat industry in Xinjiang

JIA Yonghong(), WEI Haipeng, ZENG Chaowu, LI Jianjiang(), LIANG Xiaodong()

Institute of Crop Research, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2025-06-20 Published:2025-10-10 Online:2025-10-29
Correspondence author: LI Jianjiang(1971-), male, from Xinjiang, researcher, master's degree, research direction: spring wheat breeding and cultivation, (E-mail) lijjxj@126.com;
LIANG Xiaodong (1978-), male, from Shihezi, Xinjiang, researcher, master's degree, research direction: spring wheat breeding and cultivation, (E-mail) lxdxj@126.com
Supported by:
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Wheat Industry Technology System (Barkol Experiment Station);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Wheat Industry Technology System;Tingzhou Talent Program: Science and Technology Innovation Team - "Phenotypic Identification and Functional Gene Marker Development in Wheat Germplasm"(2023CT01);Research project of the youth theoretical study group of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究新疆春小麦种植面积缩减的驱动因素及产业发展潜力。【方法】 收集分析2023~2025年新疆春小麦种植面积、高产创建、品种品质等数据。【结果】 新疆春小麦种植面积持续萎缩,2024年降至24.7×10⁴ hm²(370万亩),2025年进一步下滑至20.9×10⁴ hm²(314万亩),该趋势主要受四大因素驱动:政策补贴差异(春麦补贴115元/667m²,仅为冬麦的52%)、经济效益劣势(净收益较棉花低980~1 280元/667m²)、水资源竞争(灌溉保证率<65%,农业用水缺口12.6×10⁸ m²)及气候风险加剧(北疆春寒、南疆干热风致减产15%)。尽管高产潜力显著,如粮春1758创全国单产纪录(848.42 kg/667m²)且品质优异(粗蛋白≥13.27%),但品种更新滞后(主栽品种推广超9年)与自留种率高(64.3%)制约了产业升级。需通过政策优化、品种迭代与资源高效利用,破解“高产潜力”与“面积下滑”的矛盾,推动产业可持续发展。【结论】 统一补贴标准(2025年提至230元/667m²)、推广节水技术及加速新品种应用是稳定春小麦生产的关键路径。

关键词: 春小麦; 产业; 现状; 趋势

Abstract:

【Objective】 To identify drivers of declining spring wheat cultivation area in Xinjiang and evaluate industry development potential. 【Methods】 We analyzed 2023-2025 data on planting area, high-yield programs, varietal traits, and policy impacts. 【Results】 Xinjiang’s spring wheat area declined continuously, reaching 247,000 hm² (3.7 million mu) in 2024 and falling further to 209,000 hm² (3.14 million mu) in 2025.Four key drivers were identified: Subsidy disparities (spring wheat: 115 yuan/mu vs.winter wheat: 52% higher); Lower profitability (net profit 980-1,280 yuan/667m² below cotton); Water competition (irrigation guarantee <65%; Agricultural water deficit: 1.26 billion m²);Heightened climate risks (late spring cold in North Xinjiang and dry-hot winds in South Xinjiang reducing yields by 15%).Despite high-yield potential (e.g., Liangchun 1758 set a national record [848.42 kg/667m²] with high quality [crude protein ≥13.27%]), industry advancement is constrained by obsolete cultivars (>9 years in use) and prevalent on-farm seed retention (64.3%).Resolving the tension between high-yield potential and area decline requires policy adjustments, varietal innovation, and efficient resource use for sustainable development. 【Conclusion】 Equalizing subsidies (to 230 yuan/667m² in 2025), adopting water-saving technologies, and accelerating new variety uptake are essential to stabilize production.

Key words: spring wheat; production systems; sustainability; climate adaptation

中图分类号:

S-3
S512

贾永红, 魏海鹏, 曾潮武, 李建疆, 梁晓东. 新疆春小麦产业发展现状及趋势[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(S1): 7-11.

JIA Yonghong, WEI Haipeng, ZENG Chaowu, LI Jianjiang, LIANG Xiaodong. Current status and development trends of the spring wheat industry in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(S1): 7-11.

图/表 2

参考文献 9

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品种名称 Varieties name location	创建地点	单产 Per unit area yield (kg/667m²)
SD1605	阿勒泰地区青河县	763.9
XM1803	兵团第十三师红山农场三连	818.25
新春48号 Xinchun 48	巴里坤县花园乡	825.64
粮春1758 Liangchun 1758	巴里坤县石人子乡	841.6
粮春1758 Liangchun 1758	兵团第十三师红山农场四连	848.42
粮春1758 Liangchun 1758	巴里坤县奎苏镇	796.1 (百亩方)
粮春1758 Liangchun 1758	新疆兵团第十三师红山农场	768.42 (百亩方)

品种名称 Varieties name location	创建地点	单产 Per unit area yield (kg/667m²)
SD1605	阿勒泰地区青河县	763.9
XM1803	兵团第十三师红山农场三连	818.25
新春48号 Xinchun 48	巴里坤县花园乡	825.64
粮春1758 Liangchun 1758	巴里坤县石人子乡	841.6
粮春1758 Liangchun 1758	兵团第十三师红山农场四连	848.42
粮春1758 Liangchun 1758	巴里坤县奎苏镇	796.1 (百亩方)
粮春1758 Liangchun 1758	新疆兵团第十三师红山农场	768.42 (百亩方)

检测项目 Test item	奇台县 Qitai County	青河县 Qinghe County	温泉县 Wenquan County	巴里坤县 Barkun County	昭苏县 Zhaosu County	中强筋标准 Medium-tensile steel bar
粗蛋白(干基) Crude protein(%)	14.32	14.6	15.03	13.27	12.76	≥13.0
湿面筋(14%水分计) Wet glaten(%)	30.7	32	33.8	29.7	28.9	≥28.5
吸水量 Soakage(mL/100g)	60.7	59.9	61.5	62.3	58.6	≥58
稳定时间 Stabilization time(min)	8.4	9.2	8.4	7.6	7.6	≥7.0
最大拉伸阻力(Rm,135) Maximun tensile resistance(E.U)	564	622	688	524	611	≥350
能量-拉伸面积 Energy-tensile area(cm²)	142	175	186	141	145	≥80

检测项目 Test item	奇台县 Qitai County	青河县 Qinghe County	温泉县 Wenquan County	巴里坤县 Barkun County	昭苏县 Zhaosu County	中强筋标准 Medium-tensile steel bar
粗蛋白(干基) Crude protein(%)	14.32	14.6	15.03	13.27	12.76	≥13.0
湿面筋(14%水分计) Wet glaten(%)	30.7	32	33.8	29.7	28.9	≥28.5
吸水量 Soakage(mL/100g)	60.7	59.9	61.5	62.3	58.6	≥58
稳定时间 Stabilization time(min)	8.4	9.2	8.4	7.6	7.6	≥7.0
最大拉伸阻力(Rm,135) Maximun tensile resistance(E.U)	564	622	688	524	611	≥350
能量-拉伸面积 Energy-tensile area(cm²)	142	175	186	141	145	≥80

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新疆春小麦产业发展现状及趋势

Current status and development trends of the spring wheat industry in Xinjiang

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