哈萨克羊体重体尺相关性及主成分分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.027

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (6): 1552-1560.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.027

• 畜牧兽医 • 上一篇

哈萨克羊体重体尺相关性及主成分分析

白锋¹(), 罗春彦¹, 张恺¹, 于丽娟¹, 纳扎开提·艾尼万尔¹, 马军德², 居马恒·塔依尔别克², 塔力哈提·克麦勒巴依², 阿米妮古丽·阿不来孜¹, 玛尔孜娅·亚森¹, 周喜荣¹, 张艳花¹()

1.新疆畜牧科学院畜牧研究所/农业农村部畜禽资源(羊)评价利用重点实验室/新疆绒毛用羊遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830026
2.新疆巩乃斯种羊场有限公司新疆巩乃斯 838100

收稿日期:2024-11-02 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-07-29
通信作者: 张艳花(1976-),女,甘肃张掖人,研究员,博士,研究生导师,研究方向为动物遗传育种与繁殖,(E-mail)181103221@qq.com
作者简介:白锋(1996-),男,重庆酉阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物遗传育种与繁殖,(E-mail)BF95114@outlook.com
基金资助:
中央引导地方科技发展专项资金“羊遗传资源评价与利用实验平台建设”(ZYYD2023B10);新疆维吾尔自治区产业技术体系“新疆牧区地方肉羊选育改良计划”(XJMQ-1);新疆维吾尔自治区农业推广与科技服务项目“哈萨克羊标准化绿色养殖技术及肉产品开发示范推广”(202401)

Correlation and principal component analysis of body weight and body size in Kazakh sheep

BAI Feng¹(), LUO Chunyan¹, ZHANG Kai¹, YU Lijuan¹, Nazhakaiti Ainiwaner¹, MA Junde², Jumaheng Tayierbieke², Talihati Kemailebayi², Aminiguti Abulaizi¹, Maerziya Yasen¹, ZHOU Xirong¹, ZHANG Yanhua¹()

1. Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Sheep), Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Cashmere Sheep, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830026, China
2. Xinjiang Gonez Sheep Farm Co., Ltd., Gongnaisi Xinjiang 838100,China

Received:2024-11-02 Published:2025-06-20 Online:2025-07-29
Supported by:
Special Project for the Development of Local Science and Technology Guided by the Central Government(ZYYD2023B10);Xinjiang Pastoral Region Local Meat Sheep Selection and Improvement Program(XJMQ-1);Demonstration and Promotion of Standardized Green Breeding Technology and Meat Product Development for Kazakh Sheep(202401)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究哈萨克羊的体重和体高、体斜长等体尺性状间的生长发育规律,为哈萨克羊的选育提供参考。【方法】收集1 091只12月龄以上哈萨克母羊生产性能鉴定记录,共包含体重和8个体尺性状,并对各性状进行统计分析。【结果】哈萨克羊的体尺性状的整体变异系数处于正常水平,其中尾宽和尾长的变异系数最大,分别达到了17.42%和16.9%。体重与体斜长、胸围等具有极显著相关性(P<0.01),与尾宽、尾长具有极显著负相关性(P<0.01);从9个主成分中提取3个分别反映哈萨克羊的体重体长信息、躯体宽度信息、管围信息以及体高信息的代表性主成分。用主成分提取因子拟合回归方程比直接利用体尺性状拟合准确度更高。【结论】用主成分提取因子可以更好的解析哈萨克羊体重与各性状之间的内在联系,简化部分工作量。

关键词: 哈萨克羊; 体重体尺; 相关性分析; 主成分分析; 回归分析

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the growth and development of body size traits such as body weight, body height, and body length in Kazakh sheep, Simplify part of the workload and provide a reference for Kazakh sheep breeding. 【Methods】 In the experiment, a total of 1091 Kazakh ewes over 12 months of age, including body weight and 8 individual ruler traits were collected, and statistical analysis of each trait was conducted. 【Results】 The coefficient of variation of body size traits of Kazakh sheep was at the normal level, and the coefficient of variation of tail width and tail length was the largest, reaching 17.42% and 16.9% respectively. Body weight was significantly correlated with body length and chest circumference (P<0.01), and negatively correlated with tail width and tail length (P<0.01). 3 representative principal components were extracted from 9 principal components, which reflected body weight, body length, body width, girth and body height of Kazakh sheep respectively. We found that fitting the regression equation with the principal component extraction factor was more accurate than directly using body size traits. 【Conclusion】 Principal component extraction factor can better analyze the internal relationship between body weight and traits of Kazakh sheep.

Key words: Kazakh sheep; body weight and body measurement; correlation analysis; principal component analysis; regression analysis

中图分类号:

S826

白锋, 罗春彦, 张恺, 于丽娟, 纳扎开提·艾尼万尔, 马军德, 居马恒·塔依尔别克, 塔力哈提·克麦勒巴依, 阿米妮古丽·阿不来孜, 玛尔孜娅·亚森, 周喜荣, 张艳花. 哈萨克羊体重体尺相关性及主成分分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(6): 1552-1560.

BAI Feng, LUO Chunyan, ZHANG Kai, YU Lijuan, Nazhakaiti Ainiwaner, MA Junde, Jumaheng Tayierbieke, Talihati Kemailebayi, Aminiguti Abulaizi, Maerziya Yasen, ZHOU Xirong, ZHANG Yanhua. Correlation and principal component analysis of body weight and body size in Kazakh sheep[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(6): 1552-1560.

图/表 8

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项目 Items	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)
体重Body weight(kg)	41.88	6.76	25.00	61.00	16.13
体高Body height(cm)	63.07	4.65	48.00	74.00	7.37
体斜长Body length(cm)	65.26	4.20	50.00	77.00	6.43
胸围Chest circumference(cm)	93.67	8.18	71.00	112.00	8.73
管围Shin Circumference(cm)	8.72	0.71	7.00	10.50	8.12
胸宽Chest Breadth(cm)	21.73	2.85	13.00	32.00	13.13
胸深Thorax Depth(cm)	30.96	2.18	23.00	39.00	7.03
尾宽Tail width(cm)	14.79	2.58	7.00	22.00	17.42
尾长Tail length(cm)	9.69	1.64	7.00	14.00	16.90

项目 Items	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)
体重Body weight(kg)	41.88	6.76	25.00	61.00	16.13
体高Body height(cm)	63.07	4.65	48.00	74.00	7.37
体斜长Body length(cm)	65.26	4.20	50.00	77.00	6.43
胸围Chest circumference(cm)	93.67	8.18	71.00	112.00	8.73
管围Shin Circumference(cm)	8.72	0.71	7.00	10.50	8.12
胸宽Chest Breadth(cm)	21.73	2.85	13.00	32.00	13.13
胸深Thorax Depth(cm)	30.96	2.18	23.00	39.00	7.03
尾宽Tail width(cm)	14.79	2.58	7.00	22.00	17.42
尾长Tail length(cm)	9.69	1.64	7.00	14.00	16.90

项目 Items	体重 Body weight	体高 Body height	体斜长 Body length	胸围 Chest circum- ference	管围 Shin circumf- erence	胸宽 Chest breadth	胸深 Thorax depth	尾宽 Tail width	尾长 Tail length
体重Body weight	1
体高Body height	0.142^**	1
体斜长Body length	0.619^**	0.164^**	1
胸围Chest circumference	0.652^**	0.250^**	0.461^**	1
管围Shin Circumference	0.442^**	-0.040	0.306^**	0.357^**	1
胸宽Chest Breadth	0.181^**	0.368^**	0.165^**	0.289^**	0.027	1
胸深Thorax Depth	0.412^**	0.326^**	0.273^**	0.455^**	0.198^**	0.458^**	1
尾宽Tail width	0.029	0.277^**	-0.017	0.075^*	-0.100^**	0.207^**	0.142^**	1
尾长Tail length	0.118^**	0.124^**	0.017	0.007	-0.059	0.121^**	0.104^**	0.458^**	1

项目 Items	体重 Body weight	体高 Body height	体斜长 Body length	胸围 Chest circum- ference	管围 Shin circumf- erence	胸宽 Chest breadth	胸深 Thorax depth	尾宽 Tail width	尾长 Tail length
体重Body weight	1
体高Body height	0.142^**	1
体斜长Body length	0.619^**	0.164^**	1
胸围Chest circumference	0.652^**	0.250^**	0.461^**	1
管围Shin Circumference	0.442^**	-0.040	0.306^**	0.357^**	1
胸宽Chest Breadth	0.181^**	0.368^**	0.165^**	0.289^**	0.027	1
胸深Thorax Depth	0.412^**	0.326^**	0.273^**	0.455^**	0.198^**	0.458^**	1
尾宽Tail width	0.029	0.277^**	-0.017	0.075^*	-0.100^**	0.207^**	0.142^**	1
尾长Tail length	0.118^**	0.124^**	0.017	0.007	-0.059	0.121^**	0.104^**	0.458^**	1

项目Items		PC₁	PC₂	PC₃	PC₄	PC₅	PC₆	PC₇	PC₈	PC₉
特征值Eigenvalues		3.015	1.752	1.090	0.730	0.644	0.542	0.517	0.444	0.269
贡献率 Contribution rate(%)		33.495	19.462	12.106	8.110	7.150	6.019	5.739	4.933	2.985
累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate (%)		33.495	52.957	65.064	73.173	80.323	86.343	92.081	97.015	100.000
特征向量 Eigenvectors	体重(Y)	0.464	-0.222	0.239	-0.123	-0.137	-0.114	-0.047	-0.126	-0.783
	体高(X₁)	0.260	0.363	-0.349	-0.449	0.558	0.143	-0.363	-0.090	-0.067
	体斜长(X₂)	0.389	-0.228	0.141	-0.519	-0.258	0.375	0.146	0.406	0.336
	胸围(X₃)	0.459	-0.136	-0.016	-0.048	0.034	-0.484	0.181	-0.543	0.453
	管围(X₄)	0.271	-0.372	0.231	0.502	0.588	0.350	-0.013	0.070	0.094
	胸宽(X₅)	0.302	0.307	-0.433	0.320	-0.286	0.485	0.374	-0.242	-0.095
	胸深(X₆)	0.403	0.125	-0.270	0.378	-0.197	-0.357	-0.386	0.533	0.086
	尾宽(X₇)	0.127	0.547	0.352	0.000	0.277	-0.239	0.566	0.318	-0.072
	尾长(X₈)	0.108	0.448	0.603	0.116	-0.242	0.222	-0.450	-0.260	0.182

哈萨克羊体重体尺相关性及主成分分析

Correlation and principal component analysis of body weight and body size in Kazakh sheep

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Metrics

模型 Models		拟合方程 Fitting equations	R² R²-square	标准误 Standard coefficient
体尺性状 Body size traits	M₁	Y=0.539X₃-8.572	0.424	5.127 2
	M₂	Y=0.651X₂+0.385X₃-36.612	0.553	4.519 8
	M₃	Y=1.72X₄+0.599X₂+0.344X₃-44.394	0.580	4.380 3
	M₄	Y=0.495X₈+1.807X₄+0.593X₂+0.342X₃-49.366	0.594	4.306 8
	M₅	Y=0.292X₆+0.455X₈+1.774X₄+0.582X₂+0.31X₃-54.044	0.600	4.272 2
	M₆	Y=0.372X₆+0.474X₈+1.711X₄+0.584X₂+0.317X₃-0.152X₅-53.688	0.603	4.2572
	M₇	Y=0.394X₆+0.487X₈+1.652X₄+0.589X₂+0.322X₃-0.065X₁-0.126X₅-51.171	0.604	4.250 5
主成分 Principal component	P₁	Y=5.44PC₁+41.883	0.648	4.011 1
	P₂	Y=5.44PC₁-1.989PC₂+41.883	0.734	3.4840
	P₃	Y=5.44PC₁-1.989PC₂+1.685PC₃+41.883	0.796	3.050 1

模型 Models		平方和 Square sum	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean Square	F值 F value
体尺性状 Body size traits	M₁	21 144.996	1	21 144.996	804.349
	M₂	27 546.978	2	13 773.489	674.235
	M₃	28 916.839	3	9 638.946	502.372
	M₄	29 629.006	4	7 407.251	399.339
	M₅	29 970.335	5	5 994.067	328.419
	M₆	30 126.825	6	5 021.138	277.047
	M₇	30 207.006	7	4 315.287	238.856
主成分 Principal component	P₁	32 252.196	1	32 252.196	2 004.627
	P₂	36 566.266	2	18 283.133	1 506.207
	P₃	39 660.624	3	13 220.208	1 421.070

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