放牧条件下泌乳母马补喂氨基酸对哺乳马驹生长发育及血液生化指标的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.026

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (1): 241-252.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.026

• 农业装备工程与机械化·畜牧兽医 • 上一篇下一篇

放牧条件下泌乳母马补喂氨基酸对哺乳马驹生长发育及血液生化指标的影响

经宏鑫¹(), 李佳豪¹, 郭庆勇², 钟明彬¹, 张城铭¹, 马壮¹, 阿布都沙拉木·艾合麦提¹, 李晓斌¹^,²()

1.新疆农业大学动物科学学院/新疆肉乳用草食动物营养实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业大学动物医学学院/兽医学博士后流动站,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2023-04-22 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2024-02-21
通信作者: 李晓斌(1988-),男,甘肃天水人,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为草食动物营养代谢,(E-mail)172387243@qq.com
作者简介:经宏鑫(2000-),男,吉林四平人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料,(E-mail)309221066@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆农业大学博士后基金项目(2021);新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室项目(2022D04004);国家级大学生创新项目(2023)

Effects of supplemental feeding amino acids on growth and blood biochemical indices of lactating foals under grazing conditions

JING Hongxin¹(), LI Jiahao¹, GUO Qingyong², ZHONG Mingbin¹, ZAHNG Chengming¹, MA Zhuang¹, Abudoushalamu Aihemaiti¹, LI Xiaobin¹^,²()

1. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production,College of Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
2. Postdoctoral Mobile Station of College of Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China

Received:2023-04-22 Published:2024-01-20 Online:2024-02-21
Supported by:
Postdoctoral Sustentation Fund of Xinjiang Agricultural University(2021);Project for Key Laboratory Construction of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022D04004);National Innovation Project for College Students of Xinjiang Agricultural University(2023)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】放牧条件下为泌乳母马补喂氨基酸,分析补喂对哺乳马驹生长发育及血液生化指标的影响,为哺乳马驹在母马挤乳条件下健康生长提供参考依据。【方法】选择产驹日期相近(5月),泌乳30 d的伊犁马母马24匹,年龄7~9岁,胎次4~5胎,产驹至30 d日均8 h挤奶量为(2.79±0.02) kg。24匹马驹平均体重为(71.36±14.3) kg,8母16公。结合马驹性别将24匹马驹随机分为4个组,每组6匹(2母,4公),分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组,马驹分组与母马相对应。在相同放牧条件下(放牧时间、饮水时间、挤奶时间和放牧草场完全相同),对照组不进行任何氨基酸补喂,试验Ⅰ组补喂赖氨酸40 g/(d·匹)+苏氨酸20 g/(d·匹),试验Ⅱ组补喂赖氨酸60 g/(d·匹)+苏氨酸40 g/(d·匹),试验Ⅲ组补喂赖氨酸80 g/(d·匹)+苏氨酸60 g/(d·匹)。进行为期为120 d的补饲试验。【结果】(1)试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组与对照组相比能够极显著提高哺乳马驹的60 d体重、60 d体高、90 d体高、总增高、30 d体斜长和120 d体斜长,分别提高了8.37%、4.44%、4.27%、24.22%、5.31%、5.20%和6.25%、4.05%、4.09%、22.14%、5.55%、6.22%(P<0.01)。试验Ⅰ组能够显著提高哺乳马驹60 d胸围、90 d胸围、120 d胸围和胸围总增长,分别提高了6.34%、9.38%、9.52%和33.83%(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组仅能够显著提高哺乳马驹60 d的体高、61~90 d和91~120 d胸围增长,分别提高3.53%(P<0.01)、25.17%(P<0.05)和21.26%(P<0.05),另外,各试验组在管围相关指标与对照组均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)各试验组哺乳马驹血液中 Glu、ALT、AST 和 ALP 的含量与对照组相比分别极显著提高了 13.08%、 33.91%、26.93%、6.19%、17.08%、38.18%、26.69%、9.43%和 12.02%、38.14%、18.38%、6.35%(P<0.01),同时,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组哺乳马驹血液中 TP、UA、T-Bil、γ-GT 和 Ca²⁺的含量分别极显著提高了 6.19%、23.44%、29.89%、15.47%、15.02% 和 6.67%、31.18%、30.07%、20.02%、14.00%(P<0.01)。【结论】在放牧条件下为泌乳母马补喂赖氨酸和苏氨酸,能够显著促进哺乳马驹体重、体尺的增长,同时提高马驹血液中TP、ALB、GLB、Glu和Ca²⁺的含量,增加ALT、AST和ALP的活力,进而促进马驹的生长发育,补喂泌乳母马40~60 g/(d·匹)赖氨酸和20~40 g/(d·匹)苏氨酸,能够促进马驹的生长发育和机体健康。

关键词: 泌乳母马; 赖氨酸; 苏氨酸; 哺乳马驹; 体重体尺; 血液生化指标

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effects of amino acid supplementation on lactating mares under grazing conditions with a view of promoting the growth and development of lactating foals and blood biochemical indexes by improving milk yield and milk quality,and providing reference for the healthy growth of lactating foals under the condition of female milking. 【Methods】 Twenty-four Yili mares with similar foaling date(May) and 30 days of lactation were selected. They were 7-9 years old with 4-5 parities. The average daily 8 h milking volume from foaling to 30 days was (2.79±0.02) kg. The average weight of the 24 foals was (71.36±14.3) kg,8 females and 16 males. According to the sex of the foals,24 foals were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 mares(2 females and 4 males) in each group,which were control group,trial group Ⅰ,trial group Ⅱ and trial group Ⅲ,respectively. The foal groups were corresponding to the mares. Under the same grazing conditions(grazing time,drinking time,milking time and grazing pasture were the same),the control group was not fed any amino acid supplement,trial group Ⅰ was fed lysine 40 g/(d· horse),+ threonine 20 g/(d· horse),trial group Ⅱ was fed lysine 60 g/(d· horse),+ threonine 40 g/(d· horse). Test group Ⅲ was supplemented with lysine 80 g/(d· horse) + threonine 60 g/(d· horse). The supplementary feeding experiment lasted for 120 days. 【Results】 (1) In terms of body weight and body size,compared with the control group,trial group Ⅰ and trial group Ⅱ could significantly increase the body weight at 60 days,body height at 60 days and 90 days,total increase,and body skew length at 30 days and 120 days of nursing foals increased by 8.37%,4.44%,4.27%,24.22%,5.31%,5.20% and 6.25%,4.05%,4.09%,22.14%,5.55%,6.22%(P<0.01),respectively. At the same time,experimental group Ⅰ could significantly increase the breast circumference and total breast circumference of lactating foals at 60,90 and 120 days by 6.34%,9.38%,9.52% and 33.83%,respectively(P<0.05). Experimental group Ⅲ could only significantly increase the body height at 60 days,chest circumference at 61-90 days and 91-120 days,which were increased by 3.53%(P<0.01),25.17%(P<0.05) and 21.26%(P<0.05),respectively. There were no significant differences in tube circumference related indexes between experimental groups and control group(P > 0.05). (2) In terms of blood biochemical indicators,The levels of Glu,ALT,AST and ALP in the blood of nursing foals in experimental groups were significantly increased by 13.08%,33.91%,26.93%,6.19%,17.08%,38.18%,26.69%,9.43% and 13.08%,respectively,compared with the control group 12.02%,38.14%,18.38%,6.35%(P<0.01),meanwhile,The contents of TP,UA,T-Bil,γ-GT and Ca²⁺ in blood of nursing foals in trial groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly increased by 6.19%,23.44%,29.89%,15.47%,15.02% and 15.02%,respectively 6.67%,31.18%,30.07%,20.02%,14.00%(P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 Supplementing lysine and threonine can significantly promote the growth of body weight and body size of lactating mares under grazing conditions,increase the contents of TP,ALB,GLB,Glu and Ca²⁺ in blood of lactating mares,increase the activity of ALT,AST and ALP,thus promoting the growth and development of foals. Supplementation of 40-60 g/(d·horse) lysine and 20-40 g/(d·horse) threonine to lactating mares can promote the growth and development of foals and body health.

Key words: in lactation nurse horse; lysine; threonine; lactation pony; body weight; blood biochemical indexes

中图分类号:

S821

经宏鑫, 李佳豪, 郭庆勇, 钟明彬, 张城铭, 马壮, 阿布都沙拉木·艾合麦提, 李晓斌. 放牧条件下泌乳母马补喂氨基酸对哺乳马驹生长发育及血液生化指标的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 241-252.

JING Hongxin, LI Jiahao, GUO Qingyong, ZHONG Mingbin, ZAHNG Chengming, MA Zhuang, Abudoushalamu Aihemaiti, LI Xiaobin. Effects of supplemental feeding amino acids on growth and blood biochemical indices of lactating foals under grazing conditions[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(1): 241-252.

图/表 8

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试验天数 Test days(d)	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ	试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ	试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ
0	3.34±0.44	3.35±1.22	3.36±0.34	3.36±0.91
0~120	3.33±0.11^d	4.03±0.52^bB	4.21±0.45^aA	3.88±0.32^cB

试验天数 Test days(d)	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ	试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ	试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ
0	3.34±0.44	3.35±1.22	3.36±0.34	3.36±0.91
0~120	3.33±0.11^d	4.03±0.52^bB	4.21±0.45^aA	3.88±0.32^cB

项目 Iems	含量 Content (%)	营养水平 Nutrient levels (2)	含量 Content (%)
大麦 Barley	55.54	干物质DM	89.25
玉米 Corn	36.00	粗蛋白质CP	14.56
豆粕 Soybean meal	6.00	粗脂肪EE	4.08
磷酸氢钙 Calcium hydrogen carbonate	1.00	粗灰分Ash	2.82
预混料 Pre mixed material(1)	1.16	中性洗涤纤维NDF	13.36
		酸性洗涤纤维ADF	5.18
		钙Ca	0.31
		磷P	0.46
		消化能DE(MJ/kg)(2)	16.62
合计Total	100.00

项目 Iems	含量 Content (%)	营养水平 Nutrient levels (2)	含量 Content (%)
大麦 Barley	55.54	干物质DM	89.25
玉米 Corn	36.00	粗蛋白质CP	14.56
豆粕 Soybean meal	6.00	粗脂肪EE	4.08
磷酸氢钙 Calcium hydrogen carbonate	1.00	粗灰分Ash	2.82
预混料 Pre mixed material(1)	1.16	中性洗涤纤维NDF	13.36
		酸性洗涤纤维ADF	5.18
		钙Ca	0.31
		磷P	0.46
		消化能DE(MJ/kg)(2)	16.62
合计Total	100.00

试验期 Trial period	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ	试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ	试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ
0 d(kg)	70.40±20.16	71.80±14.75	71.50±15.20	72.00±7.55
30 d(kg)	80.75±13.20	84.70±18.66	85.50±22.34	84.40±19.70
60 d(kg)	99.38±13.76^Cc	107.70±16.02^Aa	106.00±21.38^ABa	102.60±23.59^BCb
90 d(kg)	116.63±12.15^b	128.64±6.42^a	125.40±3.71^ab	122.71±4.80^ab
120 d(kg)	133.88±10.77^b	144.91±3.58^a	139.41±5.34^ab	138.43±3.33^ab
0~30 d增重 0-30 days to gain weight(kg)	17.25±2.25^b	22.77±3.22^a	21.00±3.85^ab	18.38±2.39^ab
31~60 d增重 31-60 days to gain weight(kg)	18.63±0.85^Bb	23.40±1.92^Aa	19.30±2.59^Bb	18.20±2.02^Bb
61~90 d增重 61-90 days to gain weight(kg)	17.25±2.25^b	20.94±3.18^a	19.40±1.83^ab	20.11±1.67^ab
91~120 d增重 91-120 days to gain weight(kg)	15.75±2.47	17.93±3.53	16.21±2.29	16.68±1.21
总增重Total weight gain(kg)	70.38±6.42^b	78.97±2.52^a	74.64±4.30^ab	73.02±2.32^ab
平均日增重Average daily gain(kg)	0.57±0.06^Bb	0.66±0.01^Aa	0.63±0.01^ABa	0.62±0.02^ABab

放牧条件下泌乳母马补喂氨基酸对哺乳马驹生长发育及血液生化指标的影响

Effects of supplemental feeding amino acids on growth and blood biochemical indices of lactating foals under grazing conditions

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Metrics

试验期 Trial period	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ	试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ	试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ
0 d(cm)	101.20±8.87	101.63±2.06	100.50±3.11	100.25±1.71
30 d(cm)	103.63±6.49	106.40±3.51	105.75±1.26	105.00±4.24
60 d(cm)	106.50±3.46^Bb	111.45±1.23^Aa	111.00±1.41^Aa	110.40±1.14^Aa
90 d(cm)	111.62±2.55^Bb	116.60±1.08^Aa	116.38±2.29^Aa	114.10±1.34^ABab
120 d(cm)	117.12±0.61^b	122.98±4.73^a	121.28±2.85^ab	119.09±3.28^ab
0~30 d增高0-30 d increase(cm)	4.88±2.06	4.88±4.25	5.25±3.77	5.67±2.31
31~60 d增高31-60 dincrease(cm)	5.00±1.00	5.31±1.11	5.25±0.96	5.50±0.58
61~90 d增高61-90 d dincrease(cm)	4.28±0.66	5.38±0.63	5.38±1.11	4.17±0.76
91~120 d增高91-120 d dincrease(cm)	4.50±1.41	5.10±0.79	4.90±0.91	4.62±0.42
总增高Total increase in height(cm)	16.18±2.21^Bb	21.35±0.61^Aa	20.78±2.56^Aab	18.84±0.30^ABab

试验期 Trial period	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ	试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ	试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ
0 d (cm)	83.50±7.72	83.75±4.79	83.00±7.83	83.33±4.73
30 d (cm)	90.67±0.58^Bc	95.75±1.50^Aa	96.00±0.82^Aa	93.20±2.28^ABb
60 d (cm)	98.90±0.70	102.50±1.29	101.25±4.86	99.25±0.96
90 d (cm)	104.77±1.38	107.20±1.64	106.80±1.64	106.00±1.80
120 d (cm)	108.63±0.32^Bb	114.59±1.71^Aa	115.88±1.31^Aa	108.67±1.61^Bb
0~30 d增长0-30 d growth(cm)	8.80±0.84^b	10.75±0.96^a	11.00±1.00^a	9.75±1.71^ab
31~60 d增长31-60 d growth(cm)	7.00±0.85	7.25±0.50	7.25±1.89	7.50±0.71
61~90 d增长61-90 d growth(cm)	5.70±0.14	6.80±1.48	5.00±1.41	5.75±2.33
91~120 d增长91-120 d growth(cm)	3.87±0.31^b	5.84±0.59^a	5.00±1.00^ab	4.00±1.00^b
体斜长总增长Total additive oblique length(cm)	24.97±4.43^Bb	30.84±1.01^ABa	32.88±3.12^Aa	25.33±1.26^Bb

试验期 Trial period	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ	试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ	试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ
0 d (cm)	95.75±10.59	95.25±5.25	94.25±8.77	96.00±4.24
30 d (cm)	98.00±8.28	101.00±8.63	101.60±9.29	100.60±9.46
60 d (cm)	104.52±8.61^b	111.60±1.67^a	108.00±2.89^ab	107.00±2.35^ab
90 d (cm)	108.92±9.01^b	120.20±5.64^ab	112.20±6.72^ab	112.70±6.25^ab
120 d(cm)	113.32±9.52^b	125.25±7.24^a	117.40±4.74^ab	118.80±7.16^ab
0~30 d增长0-30 d growth(cm)	5.50±0.58	7.50±4.04	7.50±2.08	7.33±5.77
31~60 d增长31-60 d growth(cm)	7.50±1.54	9.25±4.19	7.25±3.57	8.10±1.95
61~90 d增长61-90 d growth(cm)	4.40±1.13^Bb	6.50±0.50^Aa	4.63±1.25^Bb	5.88±0.47^ABa
91~120 d增长91-120 d growth(cm)	4.40±1.13^Bc	7.60±1.14^Aa	5.75±0.65^ABbc	6.10±1.08^ABb
胸围总增长Total increase in chest size(cm)	19.85±8.16^b	30.00±3.81^a	24.88±5.86^ab	23.38±4.27^ab

试验期 Trial period	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ	试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ	试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ
0 d (cm)	12.80±1.30	12.81±0.24	12.75±0.96	12.50±0.58
30 d (cm)	13.17±0.91	13.75±0.29	13.58±0.43	13.20±0.47
60 d (cm)	14.47±0.92	15.10±0.73	14.55±0.31	14.50±0.41
90 d (cm)	15.73±0.57	16.05±0.95	15.80±0.53	15.78±0.26
120 d (cm)	16.90±0.52	17.18±1.10	17.00±0.83	16.98±0.21
0~30 d增长0-30 d growth(cm)	1.10±0.14	1.00±0.00	1.10±0.36	1.10±0.61
31~60 d增长31-60 d growth(cm)	1.08±0.40	1.28±0.75	1.18±0.76	1.14±0.44
61~90 d增长61-90 d growth(cm)	1.08±0.13	1.13±0.23	1.18±0.46	1.20±0.26
91~120 d增长91-120 d growth(cm)	1.05±0.10	1.13±0.39	1.06±0.52	1.06±0.36
总增管围Total additional pipe circumference	3.90±0.61	4.36±1.31	4.25±1.10	4.05±1.42

项目 Items	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ	试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ	试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ	P值P-value
项目 Items	对照组 Control group	试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ	试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ	试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ	T	D	T×D
总蛋白TP(g/L)	54.57±6.71^Bb	58.17±6.70^Aa	58.47±5.67^Aa	55.89±6.80^ABab	0.006	0.000	0.003
白蛋白ALB(g/L)	26.83±5.21	28.34±3.55	28.36±5.16	27.81±5.12	0.456	0.000	0.195
球蛋白GLB(g/L)	27.74±7.77	29.83±4.92	30.11±4.95	28.08±6.73	0.227	0.025	0.000
尿酸UA(μmol/L)	15.58±7.62^Bb	20.35±6.13^Aa	22.64±8.86^Aa	21.27±6.94^Aa	0.001	0.000	0.040
葡萄糖Glu(mmol/L)	5.05±1.03^Bb	5.81±0.88^Aa	6.09±0.89^Aa	5.74±0.96^Aa	0.000	0.000	0.231
甘油三酯TG(mmol/L)	0.26±0.11^ab	0.24±0.07^b	0.23±0.08^b	0.30±0.15^a	0.029	0.000	0.047
总胆红素T-Bil(μmol/L)	11.35±4.49^Bb	16.19±6.94^Aa	16.23±5.84^Aa	13.10±4.48^ABb	0.000	0.024	0.028
谷丙转氨酶ALT(U/L)	10.72±3.84^Bb	16.22±10.24^Aa	17.34±5.21^Aa	17.33±6.76^Aa	0.000	0.000	0.054
谷草转氨酶AST(U/L)	255.76±37.93^Cc	350.00±57.27^Aa	348.87±83.85^Aa	313.36±67.69^Bb	0.000	0.000	0.004
碱性磷酸酶ALP(U/L)	570.53±28.70^Bc	608.16±44.07^Ab	629.91±62.23^Aa	609.19±38.38^Ab	0.000	0.000	0.033
γ-谷氨酰转移酶 γ-GT(U/L)	19.18±4.07^Cc	22.69±3.78^ABab	23.98±4.03^Aa	20.85±5.26^BCbc	0.000	0.001	0.044
肌酸激酶CK(U/L)	123.42±21.90^Bbc	115.08±26.16^Bc	164.84±23.59^Aa	128.74±22.79^Bab	0.000	0.489	0.680
乳酸脱氢酶LDH(U/L)	416.93±43.14	406.54±51.22	407.34±37.84	423.49±47.82	0.368	0.297	0.042
钙Ca²⁺(mmol/L)	2.15±0.54^Bb	2.53±0.34^Aa	2.50±0.42^Aa	2.42±0.42^ABa	0.001	0.000	0.431
无机磷P(mmol/L)	2.27±0.55	2.53±0.50	2.45±0.49	2.54±0.63	0.126	0.007	0.012
镁Mg²⁺(mmol/L)	1.43±0.63^Aa	1.20±0.35^Bb	1.02±0.25^Bb	1.12±0.40^Bb	0.000	0.000	0.000
铁Fe²⁺(μmol/L)	44.11±10.38^Aa	49.06±11.46^Aa	49.14±10.66^Aa	36.90±10.52^Bb	0.0000	0.011	0.290

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