不同基质、扦插密度及追肥次数对马铃薯微型薯生产的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析微型薯生产环节不同关键因素对马铃薯种薯繁育的影响,为超荷15号微型薯生产的最优组合。【方法】以马铃薯脱毒苗超荷15号试管苗为材料,采用基质、扦插密度及追肥次数三因素裂区设计,研究各因素及其交互作用对马铃薯微型薯繁育的影响,并运用隶属函数法综合评价各处理组合的生产效果。【结果】在两因素交互作用中,基质类型×扦插密度对产量性状影响最大,大薯结薯数、有效薯产量、大薯产量和总产量为极显著差异;基质类型×追肥次数仅对单株结薯数、有效结薯数有显著影响;扦插密度×追肥次数则对各产量性状影响不显著。在三因素交互作用中,除大薯结薯数差异显著外,其余指标差异均未达显著水平。【结论】A₂B₂C₃组合的隶属性值最大,组合为蛭石∶草炭为1∶1的混合基质、株行距为5 cm×8 cm、追肥次数为4次,平均隶属函数值最大(0.806),其中株高隶属函数值在所有组合中表现最佳,有效薯产量(0.990)、大薯产量(0.903)和茎粗(0.792)。

关键词: 马铃薯微型薯; 基质; 扦插密度; 追肥

Abstract:

【Objective】 Study on the influence of different key factors in the production of miniature potatoes. 【Methods】 The test-tube seedlings of potato detoxification seedling Chaohe 15 was taken as the test material, the three-factor split-area design of substrate, cutting density and the number of times of fertilizers were adopted to study the effects of various factors and their interactions on the potato miniature potato multiplication, and the method of the subordinate function was used to make a comprehensive evaluation of the production effect of various treatment combinations. 【Results】 In the two-factor interaction, substrate type×cuttings density had the greatest effect on yield traits, with highly significant differences in the number of large potatoes, effective potato yield, large potato yield, and total yield; substrate type×fertilizer number only had a significant effect on the number of single-planted potatoes and the number of effective potatoes; and cuttings density×fertilizer number had a non-significant effect on each yield trait. In the three-factor interaction, except for the significant difference in the number of large potatoes, the differences in the other indicators did not reach the significant level. 【Conclusion】 The comprehensive evaluation of the affiliation function shows that the A₂B₂C₃ combination has the largest affiliation value, and the combination of substrate of vermiculite: grass charcoal as 1:1 mixed substrate, plant spacing of 5 cm×8 cm, and the 4 times of fertilization has the largest average affiliation function value (0.806), of which the plant height affiliation function value is the best among all combinations, with the yield of effective potatoes 0.990, the yield of large potatoes 0.903, and stem thickness 0.792, which is the optimal combinations for the production of the original seed of Chaohe 15.

Key words: potato miniature potatoes; substrate; cuttings density; fertilization

中图分类号:

S532

杨茹薇, 刘易, 古丽米拉·热合木土拉, 孙慧, 江应红. 不同基质、扦插密度及追肥次数对马铃薯微型薯生产的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(4): 869-875.

YANG Ruwei, LIU Yi, Gulimila Rehemutula, SUN Hui, JIANG Yinghong. Effects of different substrates, cuttings densities and times of fertilizers on micropotato production[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(4): 869-875.

图/表 5

表1 不同因素及其交互效应对马铃薯微型薯生长指标影响的方差

Tab.1 Variance (ANOVA) for the effects of different factors and their interaction effects on growth indices of potato micropotatoes

变异来源 Variation source	自由度 Degrees of freedom	株高 Plant height		茎粗 Stem thickness		分支 Branch		叶绿素 Chlorophyll		叶面积 Leaf area
变异来源 Variation source	自由度 Degrees of freedom	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
A	2	4.592^*	0.011	1.809	0.165	1.92	0.148	2.441	0.088	1.48	0.229
B	2	1.839	0.16	3.932^*	0.02	20.27 $8 * *$	<0.001	0.356	0.701	0.189	0.828
C	2	1.703	0.183	3.352^*	0.036	3.957^*	0.02	3.373^*	0.035	0.121	0.886
A×B	4	2.603^*	0.035	0.51	0.729	3.419^*	0.009	2.226	0.065	3.293^*	0.011
A×C	4	2.408^*	0.049	0.637	0.636	0.302	0.876	1.104	0.354	0.321	0.864
B×C	4	1.678	0.154	1.938	0.103	1.115	0.349	1.177	0.32	3.857^*	0.004
A×B×C	8	2.731^*	0.006	2.745^*	0.006	1.754	0.084	0.926	0.495	2.86^*	0.004

表1 不同因素及其交互效应对马铃薯微型薯生长指标影响的方差

Tab.1 Variance (ANOVA) for the effects of different factors and their interaction effects on growth indices of potato micropotatoes

变异来源 Variation source	自由度 Degrees of freedom	株高 Plant height		茎粗 Stem thickness		分支 Branch		叶绿素 Chlorophyll		叶面积 Leaf area
变异来源 Variation source	自由度 Degrees of freedom	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
A	2	4.592^*	0.011	1.809	0.165	1.92	0.148	2.441	0.088	1.48	0.229
B	2	1.839	0.16	3.932^*	0.02	20.27 $8 * *$	<0.001	0.356	0.701	0.189	0.828
C	2	1.703	0.183	3.352^*	0.036	3.957^*	0.02	3.373^*	0.035	0.121	0.886
A×B	4	2.603^*	0.035	0.51	0.729	3.419^*	0.009	2.226	0.065	3.293^*	0.011
A×C	4	2.408^*	0.049	0.637	0.636	0.302	0.876	1.104	0.354	0.321	0.864
B×C	4	1.678	0.154	1.938	0.103	1.115	0.349	1.177	0.32	3.857^*	0.004
A×B×C	8	2.731^*	0.006	2.745^*	0.006	1.754	0.084	0.926	0.495	2.86^*	0.004

表2 不同因素及其交互效应对马铃薯微型薯产量指标影响的方差

Tab.2 Variance (ANOVA) of the effects of different factors and their interaction effects on yield indexes of potato micropotatoes

变异来源 Variation source	自由度 Degrees of freedom	单株结薯数(个) Number of potatoes per plant(a)							大薯结薯数(个) Number of large potatoes set(a)						有效结薯数(个) Effective number of potatoes(a)							有效薯产量 Effective potato yield (g)							大薯产量 Yield of large potatoes (g)						总产量 Total production (g)
变异来源 Variation source	自由度 Degrees of freedom	F			P				F			P			F				P			F			P				F			P			F				P
A	2	12.389^**				<0.001				1.726				0.179				12.957^**			<0.001	2.58				0.077				4.839^**				0.008				2.202				0.112
B	2	2.217		0.11				6.109					0.002				2.413			0.091		4.585^*		0.011				4.387^*					0.013				5.626^**				0.004
C	2	12.535^**		<0.001				15.652^**					<0.001				12.196^**			<0.001		4.177^*		0.016				3.177^*					0.043				5.217^**				0.006
A×B	4	3.458^*	0.008				6.866^**				<0.001					4.439^*				0.002		8.723^**	<0.001				7.213^**				<0.001					8.692^**				<0.001
A×C	4	2.88^*	0.022				0.993				0.411					3.767^*				0.005		0.759	0.552				0.488				0.745					0.867				0.484
B×C	4	0.457	0.767				1.121				0.346					0.491				0.742		0.276	0.893				0.141				0.967					0.18				0.949
A×B×C	8	1.604	0.121				2.063^*				0.038					0.916				0.503		1.322	0.23				1.175				0.313					1.079				0.376

表3 不同处理下马铃薯微型薯生长指标影响的LSD多重比较

Tab.3 LSD multiple comparisons of the effects of different treatments on growth indexes of potato micropotatoes

因素 Considerations	水平 Level	株高 Plant height	茎粗 Stem thickness	分支 Branch	叶绿素 Chlorophyll	叶面积 Leaf area
基质 Substrate	蛭石	82.07±7.7^b	5.59±1.58^a	24.9±4.32^a	32.88±7.49^a	754.39±322.65^a
	蛭石+草炭	84.68±11.99^a	5.26±1.86^a	25.56±4.71^a	32.29±5.12^ab	820.87±368.86^a
	蛭石+蚯蚓粪	84.78±8.06^a	5.52±1.64^a	25.81±4.32^a	29.65±22.3^b	779.67±331.17^a
扦插密度 Cutting density	5cm×6cm	83.55±11.01^a	5.55±1.82^a	23.74±4.04^b	32.05±7.58^a	781.42±334.58^a
	5cm×8cm	84.92±10.22^a	5.16±1.72^b	26.55±4.4^a	30.87±7.05^a	778.42±330.47^a
	5cm×10cm	83.06±6.74^a	5.66±1.51^a	25.98±4.44^a	31.9±21.85^a	795.08±361.65^a
施肥次数 Fertilization frequency	追肥2次	82.86±12.62^a	5.48±1.7^ab	24.65±4.55^b	30.52±7.51^b	781.64±355.74^a
	追肥3次	83.9±7.92^a	5.2±1.67^b	25.79±4.46^a	30.38±6.21^b	793.19±346.48^a
	追肥4次	84.78±7.01^a	5.68±1.71^a	25.83±4.3^a	33.92±21.96^a	780.09±324.66^a

表4 不同处理下马铃薯微型薯产量指标影响的LSD多重比较

Tab.4 LSD multiple comparisons of the effects of different treatments on yield indexes of potato micropotatoes

因素 Consider- ations	水平 level	单株结薯数 (个) Number of potatoes per plant(a)	大薯结薯数 (个) Number of large potatoes set(a)	有效结薯数 (个) Effective number of potatoes(a)	有效薯产量 Effective potato yield (g)	大薯产量 Yield of large potatoes (g)	总产量 Total production (g)
基质 Substrate	蛭石	5.65±2.02^b	3.41±1.49^a	5.25±1.82^b	106.4±45.73^a	92.39±42.82^a	107.68±47.26^a
	蛭石+草炭	5.83±1.78^b	3.48±1.33^a	5.48±1.6^b	103.87±39.97^a	82.91±37.52^b	104.96±40.18^a
	蛭石+蚯蚓粪	6.6±1.95^a	3.68±1.44^a	6.14±1.7^a	97.66±33.11^a	90.51±43.35^a	99.37±35.1^a
扦插密度 Cutting density	5 cm×6 cm	5.8±1.97^a	3.28±1.45^b	5.41±1.72^a	95.89±40.76^b	84.19±44.46^b	96.4±40.89^b
	5 cm×8 cm	6.14±1.66^a	3.8±1.49^a	5.72±1.62^a	108.69±42.64^a	97.72±45.93^a	110.98±45^a
	5 cm×10 cm	6.15±2.2^a	3.49±1.28^b	5.74±1.89^a	103.34±35.55^ab	89.62±38.48^ab	104.63±36.22^ab
追肥次数 Fertilization frequency	追肥2次	5.75±1.8^b	3.16±1.36^b	5.31±1.61^b	98.84±41.49^b	86.56±45.3^b	99.93±41.86^b
	追肥3次	5.7±1.78^b	3.43±1.27^b	5.41±1.63^b	99.5±40.09^b	87.96±42.75^ab	100.07±39.79^b
	追肥4次	6.63±2.16^a	3.98±1.51^a	6.15±1.89^a	109.59±37.74^a	97±41.43^a	112.02±41.02^a

表5 各性状及组合隶属函数值比较

Tab.5 Comparison of affiliation function values for each trait and combination

组合 Combin- atorial	株高 Plant height	茎粗 Stem thickness	叶面积 Leaf area	叶绿素 Chlorophyll	单株结薯数 Number of potatoes per plant	有效薯产量 Effective potato yield	大薯产量 Yield of large potatoes	综合隶属函数值 Composite affiliation function value	位次 Place
A₂B₂C₃	1.000	0.792	0.516	0.699	0.743	0.990	0.903	0.806	1
A₁B₁C₃	0.760	1.000	0.552	0.430	0.643	1.000	1.000	0.769	2
A₃B₃C₃	0.589	0.692	1.000	0.614	1.000	0.761	0.542	0.743	3
A₂B₃C₃	0.721	0.557	0.410	0.520	0.543	0.745	0.714	0.601	4
A₃B₂C₃	0.806	0.492	0.277	0.865	0.886	0.397	0.376	0.586	5
A₁B₂C₁	0.362	0.671	0.506	0.594	0.386	0.760	0.756	0.576	6
A₂B₃C₂	0.820	0.393	0.318	1.000	0.386	0.500	0.478	0.556	7
A₃B₃C₂	0.660	0.649	0.156	0.492	0.671	0.694	0.559	0.555	8
A₁B₁C₁	0.455	0.540	0.553	0.929	0.314	0.500	0.531	0.546	9
A₂B₃C₁	0.326	0.727	0.304	0.629	0.614	0.619	0.514	0.533	10
A₂B₂C₁	0.961	0.064	0.332	0.586	0.386	0.704	0.667	0.529	11
A₁B₁C₂	0.594	0.457	0.468	0.587	0.471	0.532	0.482	0.513	12
A₁B₂C₂	0.656	0.351	0.261	0.275	0.414	0.835	0.792	0.512	13
A₃B₃C₁	0.659	0.499	0.079	0.489	0.586	0.620	0.543	0.496	14
A₁B₃C₃	0.207	0.472	0.324	0.687	0.586	0.540	0.489	0.472	15
A₃B₂C₁	0.772	0.718	0.000	0.651	0.600	0.273	0.162	0.454	16
A₃B₁C₃	0.769	0.587	0.124	0.162	0.729	0.433	0.305	0.444	17
A₁B₂C₃	0.265	0.269	0.380	0.208	0.400	0.797	0.787	0.444	18
A₁B₃C₂	0.420	0.685	0.292	0.784	0.343	0.277	0.216	0.431	19
A₂B₁C₁	0.729	0.323	0.348	0.540	0.314	0.312	0.229	0.399	20
A₂B₁C₃	0.585	0.459	0.402	0.764	0.300	0.081	0.056	0.378	21
A₂B₁C₂	0.292	0.395	0.352	0.532	0.229	0.354	0.376	0.361	22
A₃B₂C₂	0.779	0.000	0.058	0.641	0.400	0.312	0.300	0.356	23
A₂B₂C₂	0.202	0.035	0.250	0.400	0.471	0.535	0.538	0.347	24
A₃B₁C₂	0.670	0.588	0.197	0.469	0.300	0.110	0.064	0.343	25
A₃B₁C₁	0.000	0.478	0.125	0.559	0.600	0.257	0.191	0.316	26
A₁B₃C₁	0.113	0.546	0.169	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.118	27

表5 各性状及组合隶属函数值比较

Tab.5 Comparison of affiliation function values for each trait and combination

组合 Combin- atorial	株高 Plant height	茎粗 Stem thickness	叶面积 Leaf area	叶绿素 Chlorophyll	单株结薯数 Number of potatoes per plant	有效薯产量 Effective potato yield	大薯产量 Yield of large potatoes	综合隶属函数值 Composite affiliation function value	位次 Place
A₂B₂C₃	1.000	0.792	0.516	0.699	0.743	0.990	0.903	0.806	1
A₁B₁C₃	0.760	1.000	0.552	0.430	0.643	1.000	1.000	0.769	2
A₃B₃C₃	0.589	0.692	1.000	0.614	1.000	0.761	0.542	0.743	3
A₂B₃C₃	0.721	0.557	0.410	0.520	0.543	0.745	0.714	0.601	4
A₃B₂C₃	0.806	0.492	0.277	0.865	0.886	0.397	0.376	0.586	5
A₁B₂C₁	0.362	0.671	0.506	0.594	0.386	0.760	0.756	0.576	6
A₂B₃C₂	0.820	0.393	0.318	1.000	0.386	0.500	0.478	0.556	7
A₃B₃C₂	0.660	0.649	0.156	0.492	0.671	0.694	0.559	0.555	8
A₁B₁C₁	0.455	0.540	0.553	0.929	0.314	0.500	0.531	0.546	9
A₂B₃C₁	0.326	0.727	0.304	0.629	0.614	0.619	0.514	0.533	10
A₂B₂C₁	0.961	0.064	0.332	0.586	0.386	0.704	0.667	0.529	11
A₁B₁C₂	0.594	0.457	0.468	0.587	0.471	0.532	0.482	0.513	12
A₁B₂C₂	0.656	0.351	0.261	0.275	0.414	0.835	0.792	0.512	13
A₃B₃C₁	0.659	0.499	0.079	0.489	0.586	0.620	0.543	0.496	14
A₁B₃C₃	0.207	0.472	0.324	0.687	0.586	0.540	0.489	0.472	15
A₃B₂C₁	0.772	0.718	0.000	0.651	0.600	0.273	0.162	0.454	16
A₃B₁C₃	0.769	0.587	0.124	0.162	0.729	0.433	0.305	0.444	17
A₁B₂C₃	0.265	0.269	0.380	0.208	0.400	0.797	0.787	0.444	18
A₁B₃C₂	0.420	0.685	0.292	0.784	0.343	0.277	0.216	0.431	19
A₂B₁C₁	0.729	0.323	0.348	0.540	0.314	0.312	0.229	0.399	20
A₂B₁C₃	0.585	0.459	0.402	0.764	0.300	0.081	0.056	0.378	21
A₂B₁C₂	0.292	0.395	0.352	0.532	0.229	0.354	0.376	0.361	22
A₃B₂C₂	0.779	0.000	0.058	0.641	0.400	0.312	0.300	0.356	23
A₂B₂C₂	0.202	0.035	0.250	0.400	0.471	0.535	0.538	0.347	24
A₃B₁C₂	0.670	0.588	0.197	0.469	0.300	0.110	0.064	0.343	25
A₃B₁C₁	0.000	0.478	0.125	0.559	0.600	0.257	0.191	0.316	26
A₁B₃C₁	0.113	0.546	0.169	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.118	27

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