密度和灌溉定额互作对76 cm等行距机采棉田水分分布及利用的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.001

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (10): 2341-2351.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.001

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

密度和灌溉定额互作对76 cm等行距机采棉田水分分布及利用的影响

程少雨¹(), 林涛²^,³(), 吴凤全¹, 侯培珂¹, 张丽莹¹, 汤秋香¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2021-11-04 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-12-21
通信作者: 林涛(1981-),男,新疆玛纳斯人,研究员,博士,研究方向为农田水分高效利用,(E-mail) 27427732@qq.com;
汤秋香(1981-),女,河南开封人,教授,博士,博士生导师,研究方向为棉田生态环境,(E-mail)790058828@qq.com
作者简介:程少雨(1997-),男,河北邯郸人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农田资源高效利用,(E-mail)786249023@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“棉花优质高产高效标准化生产技术集成示范‘子课题’棉田绿色安全生产技术集成应用”(2020A01002-4-4);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项(xjkcpy-2020003);南京农业大学-新疆农业大学联合基金(KYYJ201802);国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1001005);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新平台能力提升建设专项-农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-202001)

Effects of Density and Irrigation Quota under Drip Irrigation on Nitrate Distribution and Nitrogen Utilization in Cotton Field with Constant Row Spacing of 76cm

CHENG ShaoYu¹(), LIN Tao²^,³(), WU Fengquan¹, HOU Peike¹, ZHANG Liying¹, TANG Qiuxiang¹()

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Ecomomic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiological Ecology and Cultivation, MOARA, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2021-11-04 Published:2022-10-20 Online:2022-12-21
Supported by:
The sub project "Integrated Application of Green and Safe Production Technology in Cotton Fields" of the major science and technology special project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Integrated Demonstration of High Quality, High Yield and Efficient Standardized Production Technology in Cotton"(2020A01002-4-4);Xinjiang academy of agricultural science and technology innovation, cultivate special(xjkcpy-2020003);Xinjiang agricultural university, nanjing agricultural university - joint fund project(KYYJ201802);national key research and development program(2020YFD1001005);Xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences agricultural science and technology innovation platform ability promote construction special desert oasis crop physiological ecology and farming - the ministry of agriculture key laboratory open project funding(25107020-202001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究一种利于化学脱叶催熟、提高采摘效率和品质的新型机采棉种植模式,分析该种植模式的耗水规律与产量效益,优化和完善配套的高产技术措施,为完善现行76 cm等行距机采棉配套技术提供理论依据。【方法】 采用大田试验,设置3个种植密度(低密度M₁,13.5×10⁴株/hm²;中密度M₂,18×10⁴株/hm²;高密度M₃,22.5×10⁴株/hm²)和灌溉定额[重度亏缺W₁(50% ET_C),3 150 m³/hm²;轻度亏缺W₂(75% ET_C),4 050 m³/hm²;充分灌溉W₃(100% ET_C),4 980 m³/hm²],研究其对76 cm等行距机采棉土壤水分分布、耗水特征、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】不同种植密度与灌溉定额均对土壤水分分布有显著影响。水分在土壤剖面中分布整体呈现,随土层加深土壤含水率越高;在相同灌溉定额下,密度增加显著增加了上层土壤含水率,致使水分整体分布均匀性升高。在相同种植密度下,相较于重度亏缺灌溉,充分灌溉显著增加了棉田耗水量,并在土壤整体含水率上升的基础上,显著增加了下层土壤含水率,水分整体分布均匀性呈先升高后降低趋势。不同密度和灌溉定额处理下产量和水分利用效率具有显著差异,以高密与重度亏缺灌溉组合水分利用率最高,达到14.08 kg/(hm²·mm),并且超过模拟值10.18%;以低密与充分灌溉组合棉田产量最高,但是与高密和重度亏缺灌溉组合之间差异不显著。【结论】密度22.5×10⁴株/hm²和灌溉定额3 150 m³/hm²组合是最适合76 cm等行距机采棉的种植模式,有利于棉田产量和水分利用率的提高。

关键词: 机采棉; 密度; 灌溉定额; 76 cm等行距; 水分分布; 水分利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the mechanized cotton planting mode with equal row spacing of 76 cm, which is a new mechanized cotton planting mode, which is beneficial to chemical leaf defoliation and ripeness, and improves the picking efficiency and quality.In order to further clarify the pattern of water consumption and yield benefit, optimize and improve the supporting high yield technical measures, and provide a theoretical basis for improving the current supporting technology of 76 cm equal row spacing machine cotton picking.【Methods】 Based on the field experiment, three planting densities (low-density M₁, 135,000 plants/hm^2; Medium density M₂, 180,000 plants/hm²; To study the effects of high-density M₃, 225,000 plants/hm²) and irrigation quota [severe deficit W₁ (50% ETC), 3,150 m³/hm²; mild deficit W₂ (75% ETC), 4,050 m³/hm²; and fully irrigated W₃ (100% ETC), 4,980 m³ /hm²] on soil water distribution, water consumption characteristics, yield and water use efficiency in 76 cm machine-cut cotton field with equal row spacing.【Results】 Different planting densities and irrigation quotas had significant effects on soil water distribution.The distribution of water in the soil profile presents an overall pattern, and the soil water content increases with the deepening of soil layer.Under the same irrigation quota, the increase of density significantly increased the upper soil moisture content, which resulted in the increase of the overall water distribution uniformity.Under the same planting density, compared with the heavy deficit irrigation, full irrigation significantly increased the water consumption of cotton field, and significantly increased the water content of the underlying soil on the basis of the increase of the overall soil water content, resulting in the overall water distribution uniformity increased at first and then decreased.In addition, there were significant differences in yield and water use efficiency under different densities and irrigation quota.The combination of high density and heavy deficit irrigation had the highest water use efficiency, which reached 14.08 kg/(hm²·mm) and exceeded the simulated value by 10.18%.The cotton yield of low density and full irrigation combinations was the highest, but there was no significant difference between high density and heavy deficit irrigation combinations.【Conclusion】 Under the condition of comprehensive consideration of yield and water use efficiency, we concluded that the combination of 225,000 plants/hm² density and 3,150 m³/hm² irrigation quota was the most suitable planting pattern for mechanized cotton harvesting with 76 cm row spacing, which was beneficial to the improvement of cotton yield and water use efficiency.The results can provide a basis for the popularization and application of machine-picking cotton with equal row spacing of 76 cm, and also provide a reference for the combination of density and irrigation quota with irrigation conditions.

Key words: pick up cotton machine; plant density; lrrigation quota; 76 cm equal spacing; water distribution; water efficiency

中图分类号:

S233.75
S562

程少雨, 林涛, 吴凤全, 侯培珂, 张丽莹, 汤秋香. 密度和灌溉定额互作对76 cm等行距机采棉田水分分布及利用的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(10): 2341-2351.

CHENG ShaoYu, LIN Tao, WU Fengquan, HOU Peike, ZHANG Liying, TANG Qiuxiang. Effects of Density and Irrigation Quota under Drip Irrigation on Nitrate Distribution and Nitrogen Utilization in Cotton Field with Constant Row Spacing of 76cm[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(10): 2341-2351.

图/表 9

参考文献 35

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生育时期 Growth period	日期 Date (D/M)	天数 Number of days(d)
苗期 Seedling stage	12/5-5/6	25
蕾期 Bud stage	6/6-25/6	20
花期 Flowering stage	26/6-23/7	28
铃期 Boll setting stage	24/7-23/8	31
吐絮期 Boll opening stage	24/8-30/9	38
全生育时期 Whole growth period	12/5-30/9	142

生育时期 Growth period	日期 Date (D/M)	天数 Number of days(d)
苗期 Seedling stage	12/5-5/6	25
蕾期 Bud stage	6/6-25/6	20
花期 Flowering stage	26/6-23/7	28
铃期 Boll setting stage	24/7-23/8	31
吐絮期 Boll opening stage	24/8-30/9	38
全生育时期 Whole growth period	12/5-30/9	142

土壤深度 Soil depths (cm)	处理Treatments										因素显著性 Factor significance analysis
	M₁			M₂			M₃				因素显著性 Factor significance analysis
	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₁	W₂	W₃		密度 Plant density (D)		灌量 Irriga tion amou nt (I)		密度 × 灌溉 D×I
0~10	17.63^cd	17.43^de	18.49 ^bc	16.76 ^de	18.79 ^b	18.86 ^b	16.51 ^e	22.22^a	19.30 ^b	^**		^**		^**
10~20	22.43 ^de	21.59 ^e	24.53 ^abc	22.94 ^cde	24.89 ^ab	23.83 ^bcd	22.15 ^de	25.82 ^a	25.26 ^ab	^*		^**		^**
20~30	20.29 ^d	20.39 ^d	24.89 ^ab	20.47^d	24.17^ab	23.53 ^bc	21.80 ^cd	23.08 ^bc	25.90 ^a	^*		^**		NS
30~40	23.75 ^ab	22.79 ^b	24.96 ^ab	22.13 ^b	24.72 ^ab	25.37 ^ab	25.33 ^ab	22.28 ^b	27.06 ^a	NS		^*		NS
40~50	24.20 ^ab	24.67 ^ab	25.10 ^ab	23.09 ^b	25.43 ^ab	25.50 ^ab	27.25^a	23.25 ^b	26.50 ^ab	NS		NS		NS
50~60	21.97 c	25.53 ^abc	28.11 ^a	24.04 ^bc	25.02 ^abc	25.80 ^ab	25.27^abc	25.40^abc	26.40 ^ab	NS		^*		NS
60~70	20.56 ^d	28.93 ^a	31.37 a	27.20 ^abc	24.62 ^bcd	28.58^ab	23.88 ^cd	27.27^abc	28.43 ^ab	NS		^**		^*
70~80	24.01 ^d	32.46 ^ab	34.34 ^a	30.07 ^bc	27.56 ^cd	34.73 ^a	26.96 ^cd	29.12^bc	30.28 ^bc	NS		^**		^**
0~80	21.86 ^d	24.23 ^bc	26.47 ^a	23.34 ^cd	24.40 ^abc	25.77 ^ab	23.64 ^cd	24.80 ^abc	26.14^ab	NS		^**		NS

土壤深度 Soil depths (cm)	处理Treatments										因素显著性 Factor significance analysis
	M₁			M₂			M₃				因素显著性 Factor significance analysis
	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₁	W₂	W₃		密度 Plant density (D)		灌量 Irriga tion amou nt (I)		密度 × 灌溉 D×I
0~10	17.63^cd	17.43^de	18.49 ^bc	16.76 ^de	18.79 ^b	18.86 ^b	16.51 ^e	22.22^a	19.30 ^b	^**		^**		^**
10~20	22.43 ^de	21.59 ^e	24.53 ^abc	22.94 ^cde	24.89 ^ab	23.83 ^bcd	22.15 ^de	25.82 ^a	25.26 ^ab	^*		^**		^**
20~30	20.29 ^d	20.39 ^d	24.89 ^ab	20.47^d	24.17^ab	23.53 ^bc	21.80 ^cd	23.08 ^bc	25.90 ^a	^*		^**		NS
30~40	23.75 ^ab	22.79 ^b	24.96 ^ab	22.13 ^b	24.72 ^ab	25.37 ^ab	25.33 ^ab	22.28 ^b	27.06 ^a	NS		^*		NS
40~50	24.20 ^ab	24.67 ^ab	25.10 ^ab	23.09 ^b	25.43 ^ab	25.50 ^ab	27.25^a	23.25 ^b	26.50 ^ab	NS		NS		NS
50~60	21.97 c	25.53 ^abc	28.11 ^a	24.04 ^bc	25.02 ^abc	25.80 ^ab	25.27^abc	25.40^abc	26.40 ^ab	NS		^*		NS
60~70	20.56 ^d	28.93 ^a	31.37 a	27.20 ^abc	24.62 ^bcd	28.58^ab	23.88 ^cd	27.27^abc	28.43 ^ab	NS		^**		^*
70~80	24.01 ^d	32.46 ^ab	34.34 ^a	30.07 ^bc	27.56 ^cd	34.73 ^a	26.96 ^cd	29.12^bc	30.28 ^bc	NS		^**		^**
0~80	21.86 ^d	24.23 ^bc	26.47 ^a	23.34 ^cd	24.40 ^abc	25.77 ^ab	23.64 ^cd	24.80 ^abc	26.14^ab	NS		^**		NS

土壤深度 Soil depths (cm)	处理Treatments										因素显著性 Factor significance analysis
	M₁			M₂			M₃				因素显著性 Factor significance analysis
	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₁	W₂	W₃		密度 Plant density (D)		灌量 Irriga tion amou nt (I)		密度 × 灌溉 D×I
0~10	0.83 ^ab	0.72 ^cd	0.72 ^cd	0.72 ^cd	0.79 ^bc	0.72 ^cd	0.70 ^d	0.89 ^a	0.74 ^cd	NS		^*		^**
10~20	0.95 ^abc	0.88 ^d	0.92 ^bcd	0.90 ^d	0.96 ^ab	0.91 ^cd	0.92 ^bcd	0.98 ^a	0.96 ^ab	^*		NS		^**
20~30	0.92 ^bcd	0.84^e	0.94^abc	0.87 ^de	0.98 ^ab	0.90 ^cd	0.92 ^cd	0.92 ^bcd	0.98 ^a	^*		NS		^**
30~40	0.89 ^c	0.94 ^abc	0.94 ^abc	0.93 ^abc	0.99^a	0.97 ^ab	0.92 ^bc	0.90^c	0.97 ^ab	NS		NS		NS
40~50	0.89 ^bc	0.98^a	0.94 ^ab	0.93 ^ab	0.97 ^a	0.98 ^a	0.85^c	0.95 ^ab	0.99 ^a	NS		^**		NS
50~60	0.97 ^ab	0.95 ^bc	0.94 ^bc	0.95 ^bc	0.93 ^c	0.99 ^a	0.93^c	0.97 ^ab	0.99 ^a	NS		^**		^**
60~70	0.90 ^a	0.80 ^c	0.82 ^c	0.83 ^bc	0.95 ^a	0.89 ^a	0.89 ^ab	0.89 ^a	0.91 ^a	^**		NS		^**
70~80	0.86 ^a	0.65 ^b	0.69 ^b	0.70 ^b	0.86 ^a	0.63 ^b	0.81^a	0.82 ^a	0.83 ^a	^**		^*		^**

密度和灌溉定额互作对76 cm等行距机采棉田水分分布及利用的影响

Effects of Density and Irrigation Quota under Drip Irrigation on Nitrate Distribution and Nitrogen Utilization in Cotton Field with Constant Row Spacing of 76cm

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Metrics

处理 Treatments		灌水量 Irrigation amount(mm)	籽棉产量 Production (kg/hm²)	水分变化 △_W (mm)	耗水量 ET_a (mm)	日耗水强度 DCC (mm)	水分利用率 WUE (kg/(hm²·mm))
M₁	W₁	315	4 481.77^bcd	-12.31 ^ab	343.55 ^c	2.42 ^c	13.09 ^a
	W₂	405	4 543.11 ^abc	-17.86 ^ab	428.00 ^b	3.01 ^b	10.62 ^c
	W₃	498	4 752.62 ^a	-42.45 ^b	496.41 ^a	3.50^a	9.57 ^de
M₂	W₁	315	4 287.92 ^de	13.15 ^a	369.01 ^c	2.60 ^c	11.63 ^b
	W₂	405	4 377.48 ^cde	-12.72 ^ab	433.15^b	3.05^b	10.12 ^cde
	W₃	498	4 745.95 ^a	-25.44 ^b	513.42 ^a	3.62 ^a	9.26 ^ef
M₃	W₁	315	4 629.92^ab	-18.27 ^ab	337.59 ^c	2.38^c	13.72^a
	W₂	405	4 318.60 ^de	-28.66 ^b	417.08 ^b	2.94 ^b	10.41 ^cd
	W₃	498	4 263.03 ^e	-37.28 ^b	501.58 ^a	3.53^a	8.50 ^f
密度 Plant density(D)			^*	NS	NS	NS	^*
灌溉 Irrigation amount (I)			^*	^*	^**	^**	^**
密度×灌溉 D×I			^**	NS	NS	NS	^**

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