新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (11): 2779-2786.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.11.019
艾合买提江·买买提1(), 颜宇2, 张广杰2, 徐安东2, 张帅2, 孟卓2, 付饶2, 马德英2(
)
收稿日期:
2024-03-13
出版日期:
2024-11-20
发布日期:
2025-01-08
通信作者:
马德英(1968-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为有害生物绿色防控,(E-mail)mdynd@163.com作者简介:
艾合买提江·买买提(1984-),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,高级农艺师,研究方向为农药及农产品质量安全,(E-mail)492900759@qq.com
基金资助:
Aihemaitijiang Maimaiti1(), YAN Yu2, ZHANG Guangjie2, XU Andong2, ZHANG Shuai2, MENG Zhuo2, FU Rao2, MA Deying2(
)
Received:
2024-03-13
Published:
2024-11-20
Online:
2025-01-08
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】探究其对受二甲戊乐灵胁迫下小麦生长发育的影响。【方法】采用田间盆栽的方式,以虫砂、生物炭以及粉煤灰作为吸附剂,复配微生物菌剂的方式,设计不同施用量的虫砂(1 500、3 000 kg/hm2)、不同施用量的生物炭(300、600 kg/hm2)、粉煤灰(6 000 kg/hm2)三种吸附剂复配十二菌医(150 kg/hm2)、菌淋田下(6 kg/hm2)、腐植酸(3 kg/hm2),设置除草剂CK、清水CK 2组对照组,共25个处理。【结果】3 000 kg/hm2虫砂+150 kg/hm2十二菌医处理小麦株高抑制率为所有处理组中最低的,为-2.99%;其次为3 000 kg/hm2虫砂+6 kg/hm2菌淋田下,小麦株高抑制率为-3.10%,其小麦株高均显著高于除草剂CK,且高于清水CK,茎粗为1 500 kg/hm2虫砂+150 kg/hm2十二菌医最优,茎粗达到2.56 cm。叶绿素指标上,300 kg/hm2生物炭+6 kg/hm2菌淋田下的SPAD值最高,为45.76,其次是3 000 kg/hm2虫砂,SPAD值为45.56,均高于2组对照组。盆栽单盆产量最高的为3 000 kg/hm2虫砂,其次为3 000 kg/hm2虫砂+十二菌医,相比除草剂CK高出60.01%、54.59%。相比清水CK高出52.50%、47.33%。【结论】吸附剂复配微生物的方式可以促进二甲戊乐灵胁迫下小麦的生长发育及产量,3 000 kg/hm2虫砂+150 kg/hm2十二菌医、3 000 kg/hm2虫砂+6 kg/hm2菌淋田下2组处理均可显著增加小麦株高,缓解二甲戊乐灵对小麦的药害影响,3 000kg/hm2虫砂、3 000kg/hm2虫砂+150 kg/hm2十二菌医处理显著提高小麦产量。
中图分类号:
艾合买提江·买买提, 颜宇, 张广杰, 徐安东, 张帅, 孟卓, 付饶, 马德英. 不同吸附剂缓解二甲戊乐灵对小麦药害的效果[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(11): 2779-2786.
Aihemaitijiang Maimaiti, YAN Yu, ZHANG Guangjie, XU Andong, ZHANG Shuai, MENG Zhuo, FU Rao, MA Deying. The effects of different adsorbents in alleviating drug injury of wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(11): 2779-2786.
序号 Serial number | 处理 Treatments | 施用量 Application rate (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|
1 | 半量虫砂 | 1 500 |
2 | 全量虫砂 | 3 000 |
3 | 半量生物炭 | 300 |
4 | 全量生物炭 | 600 |
5 | 粉煤灰 | 6 000 |
6 | 十二菌医 | 150 |
7 | 菌淋田下 | 6 |
8 | 腐殖酸 | 3 |
表1 肥料施用量
Tab.1 Fertilizer application rate
序号 Serial number | 处理 Treatments | 施用量 Application rate (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|
1 | 半量虫砂 | 1 500 |
2 | 全量虫砂 | 3 000 |
3 | 半量生物炭 | 300 |
4 | 全量生物炭 | 600 |
5 | 粉煤灰 | 6 000 |
6 | 十二菌医 | 150 |
7 | 菌淋田下 | 6 |
8 | 腐殖酸 | 3 |
序号 Serial number | 处理 Treatments | 拔节期Jointing stage | 扬花期Anthesis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高 Plant height (cm) | 株高抑制率 Plant height inhibition rate (%) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 株高抑制率 Plant height inhibition rate (%) | ||
1 | 清水CK | 41.15+1.08a | 0.00 | 46.15+0.75abc | 0.00 |
2 | 除草剂CK | 33.5+0.63d | 18.59 | 38.15+1.01f | 17.33 |
3 | 十二菌医 | 36.09+2.53abcd | 12.29 | 40.33+1.24def | 12.61 |
4 | 菌淋田下 | 38.31+1.03abcd | 6.90 | 40.56+0.74def | 12.11 |
5 | 腐植酸 | 34.72+1.34bcd | 15.63 | 40.96+0.84cdef | 11.25 |
6 | 半量虫砂 | 35.76+1.14abcd | 13.09 | 42.93+0.79abcdef | 6.98 |
7 | 全量虫砂 | 38.23+1.07abcd | 7.10 | 42.45+0.68abcdef | 8.02 |
8 | 半量虫砂+十二菌医 | 38.45+1.06abcd | 6.55 | 46.71+0.86ab | -1.21 |
9 | 全量虫砂+十二菌医 | 40.11+1.02ab | 2.53 | 47.58+1.69a | -3.10 |
10 | 半量虫砂+菌淋田下 | 40.2+1.19ab | 2.30 | 44.95+0.85abcd | 2.60 |
11 | 全量虫砂+菌淋田下 | 40.39+1.72ab | 1.85 | 47.53+1.21a | -2.99 |
12 | 半量虫砂+腐植酸 | 33.83+0.71cd | 17.78 | 39.89+2.06def | 13.56 |
13 | 全量虫砂+腐植酸 | 37.35+0.86abcd | 9.24 | 39.56+0.92ef | 14.28 |
14 | 半量生物炭 | 34.52+1.09bcd | 16.11 | 38.34+0.8f | 16.92 |
15 | 全量生物炭 | 34.59+1.2bcd | 15.94 | 41.99+0.65bcdef | 9.01 |
16 | 半量生物炭+十二菌医 | 35.81+0.84abcd | 12.97 | 41.56+0.76cdef | 9.95 |
17 | 全量生物炭+十二菌医 | 37.86+1.15abcd | 8.00 | 42.62+1.11abcdef | 7.65 |
18 | 半量生物炭+菌淋田下 | 38.93+0.89abcd | 5.38 | 47.46+0.96a | -2.84 |
19 | 全量生物炭+菌淋田下 | 39.74+0.79abc | 3.41 | 47.2+1.17a | -2.28 |
20 | 半量生物炭+腐植酸 | 33.08+1.64d | 19.61 | 40.31+0.65def | 12.65 |
21 | 全量生物炭+腐植酸 | 35.65+1.52abcd | 13.37 | 39.03+0.73ef | 15.43 |
22 | 粉煤灰 | 33.69+1.01cd | 18.13 | 42.38+1.56abcdef | 8.17 |
23 | 粉煤灰+十二菌医 | 36.41+1.25abcd | 11.51 | 40.95+0.76cdef | 11.27 |
24 | 粉煤灰+菌淋田下 | 34.59+0.61bcd | 15.93 | 44.35+1.05abcde | 3.90 |
25 | 粉煤灰+腐植酸 | 34.25+0.98bcd | 16.76 | 41.46+1.2cdef | 10.16 |
表2 不同处理下小麦株高的变化
Tab.2 Changes of different treatments on wheat plant height
序号 Serial number | 处理 Treatments | 拔节期Jointing stage | 扬花期Anthesis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高 Plant height (cm) | 株高抑制率 Plant height inhibition rate (%) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 株高抑制率 Plant height inhibition rate (%) | ||
1 | 清水CK | 41.15+1.08a | 0.00 | 46.15+0.75abc | 0.00 |
2 | 除草剂CK | 33.5+0.63d | 18.59 | 38.15+1.01f | 17.33 |
3 | 十二菌医 | 36.09+2.53abcd | 12.29 | 40.33+1.24def | 12.61 |
4 | 菌淋田下 | 38.31+1.03abcd | 6.90 | 40.56+0.74def | 12.11 |
5 | 腐植酸 | 34.72+1.34bcd | 15.63 | 40.96+0.84cdef | 11.25 |
6 | 半量虫砂 | 35.76+1.14abcd | 13.09 | 42.93+0.79abcdef | 6.98 |
7 | 全量虫砂 | 38.23+1.07abcd | 7.10 | 42.45+0.68abcdef | 8.02 |
8 | 半量虫砂+十二菌医 | 38.45+1.06abcd | 6.55 | 46.71+0.86ab | -1.21 |
9 | 全量虫砂+十二菌医 | 40.11+1.02ab | 2.53 | 47.58+1.69a | -3.10 |
10 | 半量虫砂+菌淋田下 | 40.2+1.19ab | 2.30 | 44.95+0.85abcd | 2.60 |
11 | 全量虫砂+菌淋田下 | 40.39+1.72ab | 1.85 | 47.53+1.21a | -2.99 |
12 | 半量虫砂+腐植酸 | 33.83+0.71cd | 17.78 | 39.89+2.06def | 13.56 |
13 | 全量虫砂+腐植酸 | 37.35+0.86abcd | 9.24 | 39.56+0.92ef | 14.28 |
14 | 半量生物炭 | 34.52+1.09bcd | 16.11 | 38.34+0.8f | 16.92 |
15 | 全量生物炭 | 34.59+1.2bcd | 15.94 | 41.99+0.65bcdef | 9.01 |
16 | 半量生物炭+十二菌医 | 35.81+0.84abcd | 12.97 | 41.56+0.76cdef | 9.95 |
17 | 全量生物炭+十二菌医 | 37.86+1.15abcd | 8.00 | 42.62+1.11abcdef | 7.65 |
18 | 半量生物炭+菌淋田下 | 38.93+0.89abcd | 5.38 | 47.46+0.96a | -2.84 |
19 | 全量生物炭+菌淋田下 | 39.74+0.79abc | 3.41 | 47.2+1.17a | -2.28 |
20 | 半量生物炭+腐植酸 | 33.08+1.64d | 19.61 | 40.31+0.65def | 12.65 |
21 | 全量生物炭+腐植酸 | 35.65+1.52abcd | 13.37 | 39.03+0.73ef | 15.43 |
22 | 粉煤灰 | 33.69+1.01cd | 18.13 | 42.38+1.56abcdef | 8.17 |
23 | 粉煤灰+十二菌医 | 36.41+1.25abcd | 11.51 | 40.95+0.76cdef | 11.27 |
24 | 粉煤灰+菌淋田下 | 34.59+0.61bcd | 15.93 | 44.35+1.05abcde | 3.90 |
25 | 粉煤灰+腐植酸 | 34.25+0.98bcd | 16.76 | 41.46+1.2cdef | 10.16 |
序号 Serial number | 处理 Treatments | 穗数(穗/盆) Panicle number (Ear /pot) | 穗长 Panicle length (cm) | 穗粒数(粒) Kernel number per spike (grain) | 千粒重 Thousand grain weight (g) | 产量 (g/盆) Yield (g/pot) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 清水CK | 30.6±2.77cde | 9.91±0.27bcde | 18.1±1.02abcd | 0.41±0.02ab | 227.23±21.15c |
2 | 除草剂CK | 28.4±1.69de | 9.7±0.3cde | 18.5±1.81abcd | 0.42±0.02ab | 216.56±10.63c |
3 | 十二菌医 | 30.8±3.04cde | 9.24±0.28cde | 19.3±1.56abcd | 0.39±0.02ab | 235±29.26bc |
4 | 菌淋田下 | 31.4±2.91bcde | 9.02±0.23de | 18.1±1.89abcd | 0.4±0.01ab | 225.96±17.67c |
5 | 腐植酸 | 33.4±2.23abcde | 9.76±0.22bcde | 17.1±1.29bcd | 0.42±0.02ab | 237.86±14.3bc |
6 | 半量虫砂 | 29.8±2.27de | 8.61±0.27de | 18.8±1.76abcd | 0.44±0.02a | 243.57±19.03bc |
7 | 全量虫砂 | 38±2.39abc | 8.65±0.22de | 22.4±2.12ab | 0.41±0.02ab | 346.53±20.88a |
8 | 半量虫砂+十二菌医 | 34.6±2.32abcde | 10.31±0.26abcd | 19.9±1.52abcd | 0.44±0.01a | 302.64±19.79abc |
9 | 全量虫砂+十二菌医 | 35.4±1.75abcde | 10.73±0.22abc | 21.9±1.44abc | 0.41±0.02ab | 334.8±17.92ab |
10 | 半量虫砂+菌淋田下 | 38.6±0.98ab | 10.38±0.28abcd | 20.8±1.52abc | 0.42±0.01ab | 313.74±26.62abc |
11 | 全量虫砂+菌淋田下 | 35.2±0.86abcde | 10.83±0.21ab | 21.1±1.79abc | 0.39±0.01ab | 293.46±16.68abc |
12 | 半量虫砂+腐植酸 | 28.2±1.96e | 10.47±0.24abcd | 20.1±1abcd | 0.41±0.02ab | 228.62±11.86c |
13 | 全量虫砂+腐植酸 | 33.4±2.25abcde | 10.37±0.27abcd | 20.4±1.61abcd | 0.4±0.02ab | 275.6±31.08abc |
14 | 半量生物炭 | 33±3.08abcde | 8.24±0.2e | 17.5±0.85bcd | 0.4±0.01ab | 228.34±18.03c |
15 | 全量生物炭 | 29.2±2.94de | 9.39±0.19cde | 17.1±1.82bcd | 0.42±0.01ab | 208±21.4c |
16 | 半量生物炭+十二菌医 | 36.2±1.66abcd | 10.34±0.3abcd | 16.9±1.89bcd | 0.41±0.02ab | 211.4±5.6c |
17 | 全量生物炭+十二菌医 | 28.2±1.36e | 10.33±0.36abcd | 15.2±1.19d | 0.39±0.01ab | 239.07±19.15bc |
18 | 半量生物炭+菌淋田下 | 35.4±1.36abcde | 11.01±0.21a | 20.5±0.85abcd | 0.4±0.02ab | 298.11±30.73abc |
19 | 全量生物炭+菌淋田下 | 35.6±3.08abcde | 9.67±0.24cde | 21.3±1.82abc | 0.37±0.01b | 289.42±21.89abc |
20 | 半量生物炭+腐植酸 | 32.2±2.13bcde | 9.82±0.29bcde | 17.2±0.89bcd | 0.4±0.02ab | 224.32±23.38c |
21 | 全量生物炭+腐植酸 | 29.2±1.53de | 9.93±0.22bcde | 19.1±0.85abcd | 0.44±0.02a | 225.31±15.51c |
22 | 粉煤灰 | 34±2.02abcde | 8.71±0.27de | 18.5±1.51abcd | 0.42±0.02ab | 269.8±17.83abc |
23 | 粉煤灰+十二菌医 | 40±1.14a | 18.82±5.76abcd | 15.5±1.25cd | 0.41±0.02ab | 256.56±13.09abc |
24 | 粉煤灰+菌淋田下 | 30±3.56de | 10.98±0.31a | 22.8±1.23a | 0.43±0.02ab | 252.89±19.09abc |
25 | 粉煤灰+腐植酸 | 28.6±2.87de | 10.09±0.27abcd | 18.4±0.88abcd | 0.43±0.01a | 227.02±20.32c |
表3 不同处理下小麦产量及产量构成因素的变化
Tab.3 Changes in wheat yield and its contributing factors under different treatments
序号 Serial number | 处理 Treatments | 穗数(穗/盆) Panicle number (Ear /pot) | 穗长 Panicle length (cm) | 穗粒数(粒) Kernel number per spike (grain) | 千粒重 Thousand grain weight (g) | 产量 (g/盆) Yield (g/pot) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 清水CK | 30.6±2.77cde | 9.91±0.27bcde | 18.1±1.02abcd | 0.41±0.02ab | 227.23±21.15c |
2 | 除草剂CK | 28.4±1.69de | 9.7±0.3cde | 18.5±1.81abcd | 0.42±0.02ab | 216.56±10.63c |
3 | 十二菌医 | 30.8±3.04cde | 9.24±0.28cde | 19.3±1.56abcd | 0.39±0.02ab | 235±29.26bc |
4 | 菌淋田下 | 31.4±2.91bcde | 9.02±0.23de | 18.1±1.89abcd | 0.4±0.01ab | 225.96±17.67c |
5 | 腐植酸 | 33.4±2.23abcde | 9.76±0.22bcde | 17.1±1.29bcd | 0.42±0.02ab | 237.86±14.3bc |
6 | 半量虫砂 | 29.8±2.27de | 8.61±0.27de | 18.8±1.76abcd | 0.44±0.02a | 243.57±19.03bc |
7 | 全量虫砂 | 38±2.39abc | 8.65±0.22de | 22.4±2.12ab | 0.41±0.02ab | 346.53±20.88a |
8 | 半量虫砂+十二菌医 | 34.6±2.32abcde | 10.31±0.26abcd | 19.9±1.52abcd | 0.44±0.01a | 302.64±19.79abc |
9 | 全量虫砂+十二菌医 | 35.4±1.75abcde | 10.73±0.22abc | 21.9±1.44abc | 0.41±0.02ab | 334.8±17.92ab |
10 | 半量虫砂+菌淋田下 | 38.6±0.98ab | 10.38±0.28abcd | 20.8±1.52abc | 0.42±0.01ab | 313.74±26.62abc |
11 | 全量虫砂+菌淋田下 | 35.2±0.86abcde | 10.83±0.21ab | 21.1±1.79abc | 0.39±0.01ab | 293.46±16.68abc |
12 | 半量虫砂+腐植酸 | 28.2±1.96e | 10.47±0.24abcd | 20.1±1abcd | 0.41±0.02ab | 228.62±11.86c |
13 | 全量虫砂+腐植酸 | 33.4±2.25abcde | 10.37±0.27abcd | 20.4±1.61abcd | 0.4±0.02ab | 275.6±31.08abc |
14 | 半量生物炭 | 33±3.08abcde | 8.24±0.2e | 17.5±0.85bcd | 0.4±0.01ab | 228.34±18.03c |
15 | 全量生物炭 | 29.2±2.94de | 9.39±0.19cde | 17.1±1.82bcd | 0.42±0.01ab | 208±21.4c |
16 | 半量生物炭+十二菌医 | 36.2±1.66abcd | 10.34±0.3abcd | 16.9±1.89bcd | 0.41±0.02ab | 211.4±5.6c |
17 | 全量生物炭+十二菌医 | 28.2±1.36e | 10.33±0.36abcd | 15.2±1.19d | 0.39±0.01ab | 239.07±19.15bc |
18 | 半量生物炭+菌淋田下 | 35.4±1.36abcde | 11.01±0.21a | 20.5±0.85abcd | 0.4±0.02ab | 298.11±30.73abc |
19 | 全量生物炭+菌淋田下 | 35.6±3.08abcde | 9.67±0.24cde | 21.3±1.82abc | 0.37±0.01b | 289.42±21.89abc |
20 | 半量生物炭+腐植酸 | 32.2±2.13bcde | 9.82±0.29bcde | 17.2±0.89bcd | 0.4±0.02ab | 224.32±23.38c |
21 | 全量生物炭+腐植酸 | 29.2±1.53de | 9.93±0.22bcde | 19.1±0.85abcd | 0.44±0.02a | 225.31±15.51c |
22 | 粉煤灰 | 34±2.02abcde | 8.71±0.27de | 18.5±1.51abcd | 0.42±0.02ab | 269.8±17.83abc |
23 | 粉煤灰+十二菌医 | 40±1.14a | 18.82±5.76abcd | 15.5±1.25cd | 0.41±0.02ab | 256.56±13.09abc |
24 | 粉煤灰+菌淋田下 | 30±3.56de | 10.98±0.31a | 22.8±1.23a | 0.43±0.02ab | 252.89±19.09abc |
25 | 粉煤灰+腐植酸 | 28.6±2.87de | 10.09±0.27abcd | 18.4±0.88abcd | 0.43±0.01a | 227.02±20.32c |
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