氮肥对头状沙拐枣幼苗抗旱性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.030

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (9): 2330-2340.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.030

• 植物保护·微生物·畜牧兽医·土壤肥料 • 上一篇

氮肥对头状沙拐枣幼苗抗旱性的影响

李金瑶¹(), 徐贵青²(), 王立生³, 吕平³, 石东方⁴, 郑伟华⁵

1.新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.中国科学院阜康荒漠生态实验站,新疆阜康 831505
3.新疆生产建设兵团林业和草原工作总站,乌鲁木齐 830013
4.新疆瑞绎昕生态园林技术有限公司,乌鲁木齐 830000
5.新疆农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,乌鲁木齐 830002

收稿日期:2024-02-15 出版日期:2024-09-20 发布日期:2024-10-09
通信作者: 徐贵青(1976-),男,新疆人,副研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向干旱区植物生理生态学,(E-mail)xugq@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:李金瑶(1998-),女,河南人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向植物生理学。(E-mail)865268214@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团林业和草原工作总站委托项目“准噶尔盆地南缘兵团受损生态公益林免灌植被恢复成效评价”(E140020901);国家自然科学基金项目“绿洲荒漠过渡带典型灌丛的地下水依赖性及其存续前景”,“绿洲化过程中土壤水稳性大团聚体的累积与其驱动机制研究”(32171874);国家自然科学基金项目“绿洲荒漠过渡带典型灌丛的地下水依赖性及其存续前景”,“绿洲化过程中土壤水稳性大团聚体的累积与其驱动机制研究”(42271068)

Study on the effect of N fertilization on drought resistance of Calligonum caput-medusae seedlings

LI Jinyao¹(), XU Guiqing²(), WANG Lisheng³, LU Ping³, SHI Dongfang⁴, ZHENG Weihua⁵

1. College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Fukang Desert Ecological Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang Xinjiang 831505, China
3. General Work Station of Forestry and Grassland, XPCC, Urumqi 830013, China
4. Xinjiang Ruiyixin Ecological Garden Technology Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830000, China
5. Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China

Received:2024-02-15 Published:2024-09-20 Online:2024-10-09
Supported by:
Commissioned Project of Forestry and Grassland Work Station of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps "Evaluation of No-Irrigation Vegetation Restoration Effectiveness of Damaged Ecological Public Welfare Forests in the Southern Margin of Junggar Basin"(E140020901);"Groundwater Dependence and Future Prospects of Typical Scrub in Oasis Desert Transition Zone "and" Accumulation of Large Aggregates of Soil Water Stability and Its Driving Mechanism during Oasisization"(32171874);"Groundwater Dependence and Future Prospects of Typical Scrub in Oasis Desert Transition Zone "and" Accumulation of Large Aggregates of Soil Water Stability and Its Driving Mechanism during Oasisization"(42271068)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探索施用氮肥对提高植物抗旱性的影响。【方法】以干旱区重要造林树种头状沙拐枣(Calligonum caput-medusae)幼苗为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,设置两组水分处理(亏缺供水和正常供水)和两组氮肥处理(未施氮和施氮),测定幼苗同化枝的生理生化指标。【结果】(1)同正常供水相比,亏缺供水下的幼苗同化枝相对含水量(RWC)、正午同化枝水势(Ψ_m)、最大气孔导度(g_s)、叶绿素含量(Chl)、表观量子效率(Φ)和可溶性糖(SS)含量显著降低;而脯氨酸(Pro)含量显著增加;(2)同未施氮组相比,施氮减缓了亏缺供水和正常供水下头状沙拐枣幼苗同化枝相对含水量的下降,但不显著;同正常供水比,亏缺供水下施氮降低了头状沙拐枣幼苗的同化枝水势;(3)正常供水下,施氮提高了幼苗Pro、SS含量,而丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);亏缺供水下,施氮提高了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量、Pro含量和SS含量(P<0.05),而MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】沙拐枣幼苗生理活性受土壤水分有效性的影响,而施氮有助于降低干旱胁迫造成的影响。施氮提高了亏缺供水和正常供水下头状沙拐枣幼苗的抗氧化酶活性和细胞溶质浓度,有助于头状沙拐枣幼苗降低氧化应激反应并减少损伤,增加渗透调节物质。

关键词: 头状沙拐枣; 施氮; 抗旱性; 生理生化

Abstract:

【Objective】 An important afforestation tree in arid region. 【Methods】 To explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on drought resistance of Calligonum caput-medusae Schrenk seedlings, Two groups of water treatments (deficit water supply and normal water supply) and two groups of nitrogen treatments (no nitrogen application and nitrogen application) were set up in pot experiment to determine the physiological and biochemical indexes of assimilated branches of seedlings. 【Results】 (1) Compared with normal water supply, the relative water content (RWC), midday water potential (Ψ_m), maximum stomatal conductance (g_s), chlorophyll content (Chl), apparent quantum efficiency (Φ) and soluble sugar (SS) contents of assimilated branches were significantly decreased under deficit water supply. The content of proline (Pro) increased significantly. (2) Compared with no N application group, N application slowed down the relative water content of the assimilated branches of A. capulosa seedlings under deficit and normal water supply, but it was not significant; Compared with normal water supply, nitrogen application under deficit water supply reduced the assimilative branch water potential of A. capillata seedlings. (3) Under normal water supply, the contents of Pro and SS were increased by nitrogen application, while the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Under deficient water supply, nitrogen application increased the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Pro and SS (P<0.05), but significantly decreased the content of MDA (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The physiological activity of Jujube japonica seedlings is affected by the availability of soil water, and nitrogen application can reduce the effect of drought stress on them. Nitrogen application increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the concentration of cytosoles in the deficient and normal water supply, and helps the seedlings to overcome oxidative stress, reduce damage and increase osmoregulatory substances.

Key words: Calligonum caput-medusae; fertilization; drought resistance; physiology and biochemistry

中图分类号:

S511.2

李金瑶, 徐贵青, 王立生, 吕平, 石东方, 郑伟华. 氮肥对头状沙拐枣幼苗抗旱性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2330-2340.

LI Jinyao, XU Guiqing, WANG Lisheng, LU Ping, SHI Dongfang, ZHENG Weihua. Study on the effect of N fertilization on drought resistance of Calligonum caput-medusae seedlings[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(9): 2330-2340.

图/表 7

表1 不同水肥处理下土壤和植物的水分状况

Tab.1 Water status of soil and plants under different water and fertilizer treatments

指标 Indexes	亏缺供水 Deficient water supply		正常供水 Adequate water supply
指标 Indexes	N₀	N₁	N₀	N₁
土壤含水量 Soil moisture content(SWC, %)	1.75±0.25^b	1.85±0.80^b	4.54±1.57^a	5.00±0.67^a
同化枝相对含水量 Relative water content(RWC, %)	83.13±2.89^c	83.76±2.86^c	87.35±2.25^ab	90.16±2.69^a
黎明同化枝水势 Predawn shoot water potential(Ψ_pd, MPa)	-1.06±1.29^ab	-1.19±2.03^b	-1.03±2.20^b	-0.90±2.03^a
正午同化枝水势 Midday shoot water potential(Ψ_md, MPa)	-2.04±4.32^b	-2.38±3.37^c	-1.91±2.99^b	-1.79±4.69^a

表2 不同水肥处理下植物生理性状的变化

Tab.2 Changes of different water and fertilizer treatments on plant physiological traits

性状 Traits	亏缺供水 Deficient water supply		正常供水 Adequate water supply
性状 Traits	N₀	N₁	N₀	N₁
表观量子效率 The apparent quantum efficiency (Φ)(10^-2)	1.18±0.3^b	1.25±0.21^b	2.28±0.67^a	1.62±0.37^ab
最大净光合速率 Max photosynthesis rate (Pmax) (μmol/(m²·s))	13.02±5.49^a	13.25±3.52^a	16.59±3.13^a	16.99±7.02^a
光补偿点 Light compensation point (LCP) (μmol/(m² ·s))	164±49.43^a	164.69±66.62^a	159.34±37.20^a	127.01±29.10^b
暗呼吸速率 Dark respiration rate (Rd) (μmol/(m²· s))	1.93±0.93^a	2.09±1.09^a	3.59±1.57^a	2.04±0.65^a
最大气孔导度 Max stomatal conductance (gs) (mmol/(m²·s))	113.78±28.83^b	127.43±25.88^b	214.78±32^a	240.14±37.66^a
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content (SPAD)	4.26±0.53^c	4.97±1.14^b	5.09±0.81^b	5.66±0.87^a
最大光化学量子产量 maximal quantum yield of PSⅡ (F_v/F_m)	0.66±0.09^ab	0.61±0.11^b	0.72±0.02^a	0.63±0.02^ab

图1 超氧化物歧化酶的变化注:按Duncan’s检验,不同小写字母表示不同处理间存在显著差异(P< 0.05)。竖线表示±SD,下同

Fig.1 Changes of superoxide dismutase Note:According to Duncan's test, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments (P< 0.05). The vertical bar indicates±SD,the same as below

图2 超氧阴离子(a)、丙二醛(b)的变化

Fig.2 Changes of superoxide anion (a) and malondialdehyde (b)

图3 脯氨酸(a)、可溶性糖(b)的变化

Fig.3 changes of proline (a) and soluble sugar (b)

表3 浇水和施肥对沙拐枣幼苗各性状影响的双因素方差

Tab.3 Two-factor variance analysis of the effects of watering and fertilizing on the characteristics of Jujube japonica seedlings

性状 Trait	水 Water	肥 fertilizer	水×肥 Water×fertilizer
土壤含水量(SWC)Soil moisture content	68.291^**	0.71	0.305
同化枝相对含水量(RWC)Relative water content	28.292^**	2.975	1.196
黎明同化枝水势(Ψ_pd,)Predawn shoot water potential	6.144^*	0.003	3.851
正午同化枝水势(Ψ_md)Midday shoot water potential	30.308^**	2.883	12.604^*
表观量子效率(Φ)The apparent quantum efficiency	16.966^**	2.795	4.261
最大净光合速率(Pmax)Max photosynthesis rate	3.697	0.028	0.002
光补偿点(LCP)Light compensation point	0.422	0.235	0.256
暗呼吸速率(Rd)Dark respiration rate	1.832	1.37	2.048
最大气孔导度(gs)Max stomatal conductance	36.701^**	1.221	0.11
叶绿素含量(SPAD)Chlorophyll content	5.094	4.631	0.003
最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)maximal quantum yield of PSⅡ	1.566	6.265^*	0.634
超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)Superoxide dismutase	0.62	1.485	1.321
超氧阴离子( ${O_{2}}^{- \cdot}$ )Superoxide anion	2.763	0.238	0.2
丙二醛(MDA)malonic dialdehyde content	0.066	0.595	0.011
脯氨酸(PRO)Proline content	26.328	7.771^*	5.31
可溶性糖(SS)Soluble sugar content	4.943^**	2.747	0.798

表3 浇水和施肥对沙拐枣幼苗各性状影响的双因素方差

Tab.3 Two-factor variance analysis of the effects of watering and fertilizing on the characteristics of Jujube japonica seedlings

性状 Trait	水 Water	肥 fertilizer	水×肥 Water×fertilizer
土壤含水量(SWC)Soil moisture content	68.291^**	0.71	0.305
同化枝相对含水量(RWC)Relative water content	28.292^**	2.975	1.196
黎明同化枝水势(Ψ_pd,)Predawn shoot water potential	6.144^*	0.003	3.851
正午同化枝水势(Ψ_md)Midday shoot water potential	30.308^**	2.883	12.604^*
表观量子效率(Φ)The apparent quantum efficiency	16.966^**	2.795	4.261
最大净光合速率(Pmax)Max photosynthesis rate	3.697	0.028	0.002
光补偿点(LCP)Light compensation point	0.422	0.235	0.256
暗呼吸速率(Rd)Dark respiration rate	1.832	1.37	2.048
最大气孔导度(gs)Max stomatal conductance	36.701^**	1.221	0.11
叶绿素含量(SPAD)Chlorophyll content	5.094	4.631	0.003
最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)maximal quantum yield of PSⅡ	1.566	6.265^*	0.634
超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)Superoxide dismutase	0.62	1.485	1.321
超氧阴离子( ${O_{2}}^{- \cdot}$ )Superoxide anion	2.763	0.238	0.2
丙二醛(MDA)malonic dialdehyde content	0.066	0.595	0.011
脯氨酸(PRO)Proline content	26.328	7.771^*	5.31
可溶性糖(SS)Soluble sugar content	4.943^**	2.747	0.798

图4 浇水和施肥处理下沙拐枣幼苗各性状的主成分分析注:a:不同浇水处理下沙拐枣幼苗 16 个性状的主成分分析;b:不同浇水处理下沙拐枣幼苗沿第一轴主成分(PC1)的单因素方差分析;c: 不同施肥处理下沙拐枣幼苗 16 个性状的主成分分析;d:不同施肥处理下沙拐枣幼苗 16 个性状的主成分分析,P<0.05

Fig.4 Principal component analysis of various characters of walnut trees treated with watering and fertilization Note: a: Principal component analysis of 16 characters of walnut tree under different watering treatments; b: One-way ANOVA of principal components (PC1) of walnut trees along the first axis under different watering treatments; c: Principal component analysis of 16 traits of walnut tree under different fertilization treatments; d: Principal component analysis of 16 characters * of walnut tree under different fertilization treatment, P<0.05

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氮肥对头状沙拐枣幼苗抗旱性的影响

Study on the effect of N fertilization on drought resistance of Calligonum caput-medusae seedlings

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