种植密度对76 cm等行距机采棉冠层结构、冠层温湿度及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 筛选出适宜76 cm等行距种植的机采棉最适宜种植密度。【方法】 2020年4~10月采用76 cm等行距地膜种植,设置9×10⁴株/hm²(A)、12×10⁴株/hm²(B)、15×10⁴株/hm²(C)、18×10⁴株/hm²(D)、21×10⁴株/hm²(E)5个种植密度进行田间试验,测定叶面积指数(LAI)、叶倾角(MLA)、冠层开度(DIFN)、光截获率(PAR)、冠层温度、湿度、产量等指标,研究不同种植密度对棉花冠层结构、冠层温湿度及产量的影响。【结果】 各处理棉花叶面积指数和叶倾角均随种植密度的增加而增加,呈现现为E>D>C>B>A,冠层开度则基本呈现出A>B>C>D>E;各处理的光截获率在空间上基本上呈现出“V”型变化趋势,且密度越大,冠层内平均温度越低、平均湿度越高。当处理水平为15×10⁴株/hm²时,单株铃数和单铃重较对照有显著提高,同时获得的籽棉产量较高为4 849.96 kg/hm²。分别依次比其他处理增产41.94%、24.20%、4.72%和15.20%。【结论】 密度以15×10⁴株/hm²可以获得较优的棉花群体冠层结构,有利于冠层光分布,并获得较高的产量。

关键词: 棉花; 76 cm等行距; 种植密度; 冠层结构

Abstract:

【Objective】 To screen out the most suitable planting density suitable for planting with 76 cm machine pick up cotton equal row spacing.【Methods】 From April to October 2020, 76 cm equal row spacing plastic film was used for planting, with 9×10⁴ plants/hm² (A) and 12×10⁴ plants field trials were conducted at five planting densities of /hm² (B), 15×10⁴ plants/hm² (C), 18×10⁴ plants/hm² (D), and 21×10⁴ plants/hm² (E). Inclination angle (MTA), canopy opening (DIFN), light interception rate, canopy temperature, humidity, yield and other indicators were used to study the effects of different planting densities on cotton canopy structure, canopy temperature and humidity and yield. 【Results】 The LAI and leaf inclination angle of each treatment increased with the increase of planting density, which always showed E>D>C>B>A, and the canopy opening basically showed A>B>C>D> E; The light interception rate of each treatment basically showed a "V"-shaped variation trend in space, and the higher the density, the lower the average temperature and the higher the average humidity in the canopy. When the treatment level was 15×10⁴ plants/hm², the number of bolls per plant and the weight of single bolls were significantly increased compared with the control, and the yield of seed cotton was 4,849.96 kg/hm². The yields were increased by 41.94%, 24.20%, 4.72% and 15.20% respectively compared with other treatments. 【Conclusion】 Comprehensively considering, in this experiment, the density of 15×10⁴ plants/hm² can obtain a better cotton canopy structure, which is beneficial to the canopy light distribution and obtains higher yield.

Key words: cotton; 76 cm equal row spacing; planting density; canopy structure

中图分类号:

S562

王家勇, 李春梅, 徐文修, 李鹏程, 张娜, 李玲, 马云珍, 王芳. 种植密度对76 cm等行距机采棉冠层结构、冠层温湿度及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(11): 2609-2617.

WANG Jiayong, LI Chunmei, XU Wenxiu, LI Pengcheng, ZHANG Na, LI Ling, MA Yunzhen, WANG Fang. Effects of planting density on canopy structure, canopy temperature and humidity and yield of 76 cm machine-picked cotton with equal row spacing[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(11): 2609-2617.

图/表 8

图1 气象要素

Fig.1 Map of meteorological elements

图2 不同处理下棉花叶面积变化规律

Fig.2 Variation law of cotton leaf area in different treatments

图3 不同处理下棉花叶倾角变化规律

Fig.3 The law of cotton leaf inclination in different treatments

图4 不同处理下棉花冠层开度变化规律

Fig.4 The law of cotton canopy opening in different treatments

图5 不同处理下棉花冠层温度变化规律

Fig.5 The law of cotton canopy temperature in different treatments

图6 不同处理下棉花冠层湿度变化规律

Fig.6 The regularity of cotton canopy humidity in different treatments

图7 不同处理下棉花花铃期冠层PARI截获率空间变化规律

Fig.7 Spatial variation rule of cotton PARI interception rate in canopy at flowering and boll stage with different treatments

表1 不同种植密度下棉花产量及产量构成因素

Tab.1 Cotton yield and yield components of different planting densities

处理	实收株数 (10⁴/hm²)	单株铃数 (个)	单铃重 (g)	籽棉产量 (kg/hm²)
A	9.91^e	6.23^a	5.53^a	3 416.70^c
B	12.71^d	5.58^a	5.49^a	3 904.89^bc
C	15.62^c	5.74^a	5.42^a	4 849.96^a
D	19.82^b	4.70^b	5.18^ab	4 629.33^ab
E	22.03^a	3.81^c	4.98^b	4 209.89^bc

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