适合青贮的玉米品种生产性能筛选及营养价值评价

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.07.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】筛选适宜新疆地区种植的青贮优质玉米品种。【方法】选择17个玉米品种(青贮专用型,粮饲兼用型,普通型)为研究对象,设置品种比较试验,分析参试品种的产量、农艺性状及营养品质差异。【结果】新饲玉13号的生长天数最短(116 d),桂青贮1号的生长天数最长(143 d);恩喜爱298的干草产量最高(70.33 t/hm²),新玉15号最低(25.69 t/hm²)。新沃1号的籽粒产量最高(10.75 t/hm²),屯玉168最低(5.95 t/hm²)。农艺性状中,奥玉5102的株高最高(359 cm),新玉15号最低(241.67 cm)。桂青贮1号的穗位高最高(224.67 cm),和育187最低(97.67 cm)。新饲玉13号的倒伏率最高(36.98%),先玉335、郑单958、先玉1321、新引KWS2564、新玉15号、京科968及先糯玉335共7个品种未倒伏。桂青贮1号的倒折率最高(9.73%),新饲玉13号、新引KWS2564、新玉15号、先玉1321、郑单958、铁研53及屯玉168未倒折。新沃1号的干物质(DM)含量最高(38.83%)和育187最低(24.16%)。先玉335的淀粉(Starch)含量最高(32.77%),和育187最低(23.75%)。京科968的粗蛋白(CP)含量最高(9.00%),新玉15号最低(7.47%)。先糯玉335的水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量最高(41.28%),奥玉5102最低(13.24%)。郑单958的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)最低(43.93%),新饲玉11号最高(55.97%)。京科968的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)最低(24.96%),奥玉5102最高(40.56%)。综合价值排名为先玉335>先玉1321>恩喜爱298>京科968>新饲玉13号>先糯玉335>新沃1号>郑单958>新饲玉12号>新饲玉11号>铁研53>新引KWS2564>桂青贮1号>屯玉168>和育187>新玉15号>奥玉5102。【结论】先玉335、先玉1321及恩喜爱298适宜在新疆地区作为用于青贮的玉米品种推广种植。

关键词: 青贮玉米; 品种; 产量; 农艺性状

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to screen out high-quality silage corn varieties suitable for planting in Xinjiang.【Methods】 17 silage corn varieties (silage-specific, grain-feeding, ordinary) were selected as research objects to carry out variety comparison tests, and analyze the differences in yield, agronomic characters and nutritional quality of the tested varieties.【Results】 The results showed that the growth days of Xinsiyu 13 was the shortest (116 d) and Guisilage 1 was the longest(143 d).The hay yield of Enxiai 298 was the highest (70.33 t/hm²) and Xinyu 15 was the lowest (25.69 t/hm²).The grain yield of Xinwo 1 was the highest (10.75 t/hm²) and Tunyu 168 was the lowest (5.95 t/hm²).Among the agronomic characters, the plant height of Aoyu 5102 was the highest (359 cm) and Xinyu 15 was the lowest (241.67 cm).The ear height of Guisilage 1 was the highest (224.67 cm) and Heyu 187 was the lowest (97.67 cm).The lodging rate of Xinsiyu 13 was the highest (36.98%), Xianyu 335, Zhengdan 958, Xianyu 1321, Xinyin KWS2564, Xinyu 15, Jingke 968 and Xiannuoyu 335 did not lodge.The fold rate of Guisilage 1 was the highest (9.73%), Xinsiyu 13, Xinyin KWS2564, Xinyu 15, Xianyu 1321, Zhengdan 958, Tieyan 53 and Tunyu 168 did not fold.In nutrition, Xinwo 1 was the highest (38.83%) and Heyu 187 was the lowest (24.16%).The Starch content of Xianyu 335 was the highest (32.77%) and Heyu 187 was the lowest (23.75%).The crude protein (CP) content of Jingke 968 was the highest (9.00%) and Xinyu 15 was the lowest (7.47%).The Water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of Xiannuoyu 335 has the highest (41.28%)and Aoyu 5102 has the lowest(13.24%).The Neutral washing fiber (NDF) of Zhengdan 958 was the lowest (43.93%) and Xinsiyu 11 was the highest (55.97%).The acid washing fiber (ADF) of Jingke 968 was the lowest (24.96%) and Aoyu 5102 was the highest (40.56%).The comprehensive value rank was, Xianyu 335>Xianyu 1321>Enxiai 298>Jingke 968>Xinsiyu 13>Xiannuoyu 335>Xinwo 1>Zhengdan 958>Xinsiyu 12>Xinsiyu 11>Tieyan 53>Xinyin KWS2564>Guisilage 1>Tunyu 168>Heyu 187>Xinyu 15>Aoyu 5102.【Conclusion】 Based on the comprehensive analysis of yield and quality, Xianyu 335, Xianyu 1321 and Enxiai 298 were suitable to be popularized and planted as silage corn varieties in Xinjiang.

Key words: silage corn; variety; yield; agronomic traits

中图分类号:

S513

王挺, 张力, 张凡凡, 黄嵘峥, 李肖, 张玉琳, 陈永成, 赵建涛, 马春晖. 适合青贮的玉米品种生产性能筛选及营养价值评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(7): 1596-1605.

WANG Ting, ZHANG Li, ZHANG Fanfan, HUANG Rongzheng, LI Xiao, ZHANG Yulin, CHEN Yongcheng, ZHAO Jiantao, MA Chunhui. Poduction performance screening and nutritional value evaluation of corn varieties suitable for silage[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(7): 1596-1605.

图/表 5

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品种 Varieties	品种类别 Variety category	种子来源 Seed source
新饲玉13号Xinsiyu 13	青贮专用型	新疆沃特生物有限公司
新引KWS2564 Xinyin KWS2564	普通型	新疆华西种业有限公司
先玉335 Xianyu 335	普通型	先锋种业股份有限公司
新玉15号Xinyu 15	青贮专用型	新疆农垦科学院作物研究所
和育187 Heyu 187	普通型	北京大德长丰农业生物技术有限公司
先糯玉335 Xiannuoyu 335	普通型	先锋种业股份有限公司
郑单958 Zhengdan 958	普通型	新疆西域绿洲种业科技有限公司
铁研53 Tieyan 53	粮饲兼用型	新疆华西种业有限公司
先玉1321 Xianyu 1321	普通型	先锋种业股份有限公司
屯玉168 Tunyu 168	青贮专用型	新疆农垦科学院作物研究所
京科968 Jingke 968	普通型	新疆西域绿洲种业科技有限公司
新饲玉11号Xinsiyu 11	青贮专用型	新疆农垦科学院作物研究所
恩喜爱298 Enxiai 298	普通型	新疆华夏农业有限公司
新沃1号Xinwo 1	青贮专用型	新疆沃特生物有限公司
新饲玉12号Xinsiyu 12	青贮专用型	新疆沃特生物有限公司
奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102	青贮专用型	新疆华夏农业有限公司
桂青贮1号Guisilage 1	青贮专用型	新疆西域绿洲种业科技有限公司

品种 Varieties	品种类别 Variety category	种子来源 Seed source
新饲玉13号Xinsiyu 13	青贮专用型	新疆沃特生物有限公司
新引KWS2564 Xinyin KWS2564	普通型	新疆华西种业有限公司
先玉335 Xianyu 335	普通型	先锋种业股份有限公司
新玉15号Xinyu 15	青贮专用型	新疆农垦科学院作物研究所
和育187 Heyu 187	普通型	北京大德长丰农业生物技术有限公司
先糯玉335 Xiannuoyu 335	普通型	先锋种业股份有限公司
郑单958 Zhengdan 958	普通型	新疆西域绿洲种业科技有限公司
铁研53 Tieyan 53	粮饲兼用型	新疆华西种业有限公司
先玉1321 Xianyu 1321	普通型	先锋种业股份有限公司
屯玉168 Tunyu 168	青贮专用型	新疆农垦科学院作物研究所
京科968 Jingke 968	普通型	新疆西域绿洲种业科技有限公司
新饲玉11号Xinsiyu 11	青贮专用型	新疆农垦科学院作物研究所
恩喜爱298 Enxiai 298	普通型	新疆华夏农业有限公司
新沃1号Xinwo 1	青贮专用型	新疆沃特生物有限公司
新饲玉12号Xinsiyu 12	青贮专用型	新疆沃特生物有限公司
奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102	青贮专用型	新疆华夏农业有限公司
桂青贮1号Guisilage 1	青贮专用型	新疆西域绿洲种业科技有限公司

品种 Varieties	播种期 Seeding time (M/D)	出苗期 Seeding stage (M/D)	吐丝期 Silking stage (M/D)	收获期 Harvest date (M/D)	生长天数 Growth days (d)
新饲玉13号Xinsiyu 13	4/27	5/8	7/3	8/21	116
新引KWS2564 Xinyin KWS2564	4/27	5/8	7/9	8/23	118
先玉335 Xianyu 335	4/27	5/8	7/10	8/24	119
新玉15号Xinyu 15	4/27	5/8	7/9	8/27	122
和育187 Heyu 187	4/27	5/8	7/8	8/27	122
先糯玉335 Xiannuoyu 335	4/27	5/8	7/11	8/30	125
郑单958 Zhengdan 958	4/27	5/8	7/19	9/3	129
铁研53 Tieyan 53	4/27	5/8	7/19	9/3	129
先玉1321 Xianyu 1321	4/27	5/8	7/12	9/5	131
屯玉168 Tunyu 168	4/27	5/8	7/19	9/5	131
京科968 Jingke 968	4/27	5/8	7/11	9/7	133
新饲玉11号Xinsiyu 11	4/27	5/8	7/14	9/7	133
恩喜爱298 Enxiai 298	4/27	5/8	7/14	9/8	134
新沃1号Xinwo 1	4/27	5/8	7/20	9/10	136
新饲玉12号Xinsiyu 12	4/27	5/8	7/10	9/11	137
奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102	4/27	5/8	7/25	9/16	142
桂青贮1号Guisilage 1	4/27	5/8	7/27	9/17	143

品种 Varieties	播种期 Seeding time (M/D)	出苗期 Seeding stage (M/D)	吐丝期 Silking stage (M/D)	收获期 Harvest date (M/D)	生长天数 Growth days (d)
新饲玉13号Xinsiyu 13	4/27	5/8	7/3	8/21	116
新引KWS2564 Xinyin KWS2564	4/27	5/8	7/9	8/23	118
先玉335 Xianyu 335	4/27	5/8	7/10	8/24	119
新玉15号Xinyu 15	4/27	5/8	7/9	8/27	122
和育187 Heyu 187	4/27	5/8	7/8	8/27	122
先糯玉335 Xiannuoyu 335	4/27	5/8	7/11	8/30	125
郑单958 Zhengdan 958	4/27	5/8	7/19	9/3	129
铁研53 Tieyan 53	4/27	5/8	7/19	9/3	129
先玉1321 Xianyu 1321	4/27	5/8	7/12	9/5	131
屯玉168 Tunyu 168	4/27	5/8	7/19	9/5	131
京科968 Jingke 968	4/27	5/8	7/11	9/7	133
新饲玉11号Xinsiyu 11	4/27	5/8	7/14	9/7	133
恩喜爱298 Enxiai 298	4/27	5/8	7/14	9/8	134
新沃1号Xinwo 1	4/27	5/8	7/20	9/10	136
新饲玉12号Xinsiyu 12	4/27	5/8	7/10	9/11	137
奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102	4/27	5/8	7/25	9/16	142
桂青贮1号Guisilage 1	4/27	5/8	7/27	9/17	143

品种 Varieties	干草产量 Hay yield (t/hm²)	籽粒产量 Drain yield (t/hm²)	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗位高 Ear height (cm)	倒伏率 Lodging rate (%)	倒折率 Inversion rate (%)
新饲玉13号Xinsiyu 13	52.43^e	8.75^e	337.67^bc	127.33^f	36.98^a	0
新引KWS2564 Xinyin KWS2564	37.11^h	7.78^f	279.00^g	116.67^fg	0	0
先玉335 Xianyu 335	61.37^c	8.91^de	297.67^f	127.00^f	0	1.67^e
新玉15号Xinyu 15	25.69ⁱ	6.51^gh	241.67^h	102.33^g	0	0
和育187 Heyu 187	26.69ⁱ	6.55^g	249.67^h	97.67^g	12.02^c	1.64^e
先糯玉335 Xiannuoyu 335	59.44^d	7.69^f	302.67^ef	123.67^f	0	4.23^c
郑单958 Zhengdan 958	48.65^f	7.62^f	268.33^g	148.00^de	0	0
铁研53 Tieyan 53	39.03^h	8.44ⁱ	309.67^def	149.33^de	1.72^f	0
先玉1321 Xianyu 1321	67.86^b	9.57^b	312.00^def	127.67^f	0	0
屯玉168 Tunyu 168	48.55^f	5.95^hi	332.67^c	151.33^de	5.64^d	0
京科968 Jingke 968	52.98^e	8.56^e	282.33^g	126.00^f	0	3.59^cd
新饲玉11号Xinsiyu 11	59.81^d	9.35^bc	334.00^c	179.00^c	3.53^e	3.45^cd
恩喜爱298 Enxiai 298	70.33^a	8.81d^e	315.67^de	137.33^ef	1.72^f	3.03^d
新沃1号Xinwo 1	43.94^e	10.75^a	323.33^cd	174.00^c	3.23^e	1.61^e
新饲玉12号Xinsiyu 12	61.25^c	7.41^f	335.00^c	205.67^b	1.72^f	5.55^b
奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102	39.41^h	6.49^gh	359.00^a	183.00^c	17.84^b	5.91^b
桂青贮1号Guisilage 1	44.49^g	5.94^hi	351.66^ab	224.67^a	17.17^b	9.73^a
均值标准差Stand Error of Mean	1.41	0.32	8.25	11.20	0.51	4.02c
P值P value	0.012	0.015	0.009	0.006	0.018	0.49