不同海岛棉品种产量及纤维品质对氮肥的响应

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.07.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同海岛棉品种在不同氮肥水平下农艺性状、产量与纤维品质的差异,为选育高产优质海岛棉品种并搭配合理施氮量提供理论依据。【方法】以近20年来育成的12份海岛棉品种为材料,设置3个施氮处理N₀(0 kg/hm²)、N₂₄₀(240 kg/hm²)、N₄₈₀(480 kg/hm²),分析施氮量对不同海岛棉品种农艺性状、纤维品质、产量构成及产量的影响。【结果】施氮能显著提高海岛棉叶片数、果枝数及蕾铃花数,均表现施氮处理大于不施氮处理,其中施氮量在240 kg/hm²时表现最佳;新海28号、棉城10号农艺性状综合表现较好,能在不同氮肥水平下保持相对较低的蕾铃脱落率来保证结铃数。氮肥对单株结铃数与籽棉产量有显著性影响,表现为N₂₄₀>N₄₈₀>N₀,对其他产量性状无显著影响;品种间单株结铃数、单铃重与籽棉产量均存在显著性差异,其中棉城10号与新海28号在不同施氮水平下单株结铃数与单铃重表现优异,获得较高的籽棉产量。氮肥只对上半部平均长度有显著性影响,随施氮量的增加呈下降趋势,对其他指标并无显著性影响,而品种间均存在极显著性差异,纤维品质主要受遗传特性影响,新海28号、新海45号上半部纤维长度、整齐度、断裂比强度在不同氮肥水平下均表现较好,且马克隆值达到A级标准。【结论】棉城10号、新海28号在不同氮肥水平下农艺性状表现优异,产量性状相对协调,在不同氮肥水平下能获得较高的籽棉产量与纤维品质,当施氮量为332.2 kg/hm²时籽棉产量最高,为5 025.1 kg/hm²。

关键词: 海岛棉; 氮肥; 纤维品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the differences in agronomic traits, seed cotton yield and fiber quality of different island cotton varieties under different nitrogen fertilizer levels in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the future selection of high-yield and high-quality island cotton varieties and reasonable nitrogen application rates.【Methods】 In the experiment, 12 sea island cotton varieties bred in the past two decades were used as test materials, and three nitrogen application treatments were set N₀ (0 kg/hm²), N₂₄₀ (240 kg/hm²), N₄₈₀ (480 kg/hm²), to study nitrogen application rates effects on the agronomic characteristics, fiber quality, yield composition and seed cotton yield of different island cotton varieties.【Results】 The results of the study showed that nitrogen application could significantly increase the number of leaves, fruit branches and buds and bolls of island cotton, and the cotton yield by the nitrogen application treatment was higher than that of the non-nitrogen treatment; Among the cultivars, Xinhai 28 and Miancheng 10 performed better in comprehensive agronomic traits, and could maintain a relatively low dropout rate of bolls under different nitrogen fertilizer levels, thus ensuring the number of bolls.Nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on the number of bolls per plant and the yield of seed cotton, which was N₂₄₀>N₄₈₀>N₀, and had no significant effect on other yield traits; among varieties, the number of bolls per plant, boll weight per plant and seed cotton yield were all significant.The difference between the number of bolls per plant and the weight of bolls per plant under different nitrogen levels for Miancheng 10 and Xinhai 28 resulted in higher seed cotton yield.In terms of fiber quality, nitrogen fertilizer only had a significant effect on the average length of the upper half, showing a downward trend with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and had no significant effect on other indicators.However, there were extremely significant differences between varieties, indicating that the fiber quality was mainly affected by genetic characteristics, the fiber length, uniformity, and breaking strength of the upper half of Xinhai 28 and Xinhai 45 performed well under different nitrogen fertilizer levels, and the micronaire value reached the A-level standard.【Conclusion】 In summary, Miancheng 10 and Xinhai 28 have excellent agronomic traits under different nitrogen fertilizer levels, and their yield traits are relatively coordinated.Therefore, higher seed cotton yield and fiber quality can be achieved under different nitrogen fertilizer levels.Regression analysis speculates that when the nitrogen application rate is 332.2 kg/hm², the seed cotton yield is the highest, which is 5025.1 kg/hm².

Key words: island cotton; nitrogen fertilizer; fiber quality

中图分类号:

S562

段松江, 彭增莹, 申莹莹, 木丽迪尔·拜波拉提, 吴一凡, 崔建平, 张巨松. 不同海岛棉品种产量及纤维品质对氮肥的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(7): 1569-1579.

DUAN Songjiang, PENG Zengying, SHEN Yingying, Mulidier Baibolati, WU Yifan, CUI jianping, ZHANG Jusong. Responses of seed cotton yield and fiber quality of different sea island cotton varieties to nitrogen fertilizer[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(7): 1569-1579.

图/表 8

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土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	水解性氮 Hydroly zable nitrogen (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)
0~10	0.42	8.26	35	26.3	83
10~20	0.49	7.65	66.4	32.9	89
20~30	0.46	7.08	44.4	32	87
30~40	0.3	5.9	40.6	16.6	103
40~50	0.24	4.24	35	7.3	138
50~60	0.25	4.06	51.7	26.6	145

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	水解性氮 Hydroly zable nitrogen (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)
0~10	0.42	8.26	35	26.3	83
10~20	0.49	7.65	66.4	32.9	89
20~30	0.46	7.08	44.4	32	87
30~40	0.3	5.9	40.6	16.6	103
40~50	0.24	4.24	35	7.3	138
50~60	0.25	4.06	51.7	26.6	145

编号 No.	品种 Cultivars	年份 Year	供种单位 Breeding unites
1	新海14号	1998	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
2	新海21号	2003	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
3	新海24号	2005	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
4	新海28号	2007	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
5	新海35号	2010	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
6	新海39号	2012	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
7	新海43号	2013	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
8	新海45号	2014	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
9	新海53号	2015	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所
10	新海61号	2017	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所
11	新海62号	2017	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所
12	棉城10号	2020	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所

编号 No.	品种 Cultivars	年份 Year	供种单位 Breeding unites
1	新海14号	1998	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
2	新海21号	2003	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
3	新海24号	2005	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
4	新海28号	2007	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
5	新海35号	2010	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
6	新海39号	2012	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
7	新海43号	2013	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
8	新海45号	2014	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
9	新海53号	2015	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所
10	新海61号	2017	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所
11	新海62号	2017	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所
12	棉城10号	2020	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所

品种 Variety	N₀				N₂₄₀				N₄₈₀
品种 Variety	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶片数 Vane number (个)	果枝数 Fruit branch (台)	蕾铃花 Buds, flowers and bolls (个)	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶片数 Vane number (个)	果枝数 Fruit branch (台)	蕾铃花 Buds, flowers and bolls (个)	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶片数 Vane number (个)	果枝数 Fruit branch (台)	蕾铃花 Buds, flowers and bolls (个)
新海14号 Xinhai14	74.2^cd	10.8^bc	9.7^bcd	15^ab	74.3^de	8.6^c	8.6^c	11.4^c	62.8^e	10.2^d	9.1^b	12.1^b
新海21号 Xinhai21	64.2^d	11^bc	9^cd	12.1^bc	85^cd	12.6^ab	11.4^ab	17.3^ab	76.4^cd	12^cd	11.1^ab	14.1^ab
新海24号 Xinhai24	77.3^bc	12.2^ab	11.5^ab	13.4^abc	74.2^de	12.5^ab	10.5^abc	15.7^ab	79.7^cd	11.7^cd	11.8^a	15.1^ab
新海28号 Xinhai28	102.2^a	12.7^ab	9.9^abc	12.6^bc	110^a	13.9^a	12.3^a	14.9^ab	113.4^a	14.1^ab	11.1^ab	13.9^ab
新海35号 Xinhai35	70.4^cd	9.3^c	7.7^d	10.8^c	70.7^e	11.7^b	11.6^ab	16.2^ab	72.7^de	11.7^cd	11.4^a	14.4^ab
新海39号 Xinhai39	78.3^bc	11.6^ab	10.4^abc	14^abc	74.8^de	12^ab	10.5^abc	15.3^ab	77.1^cd	12.2^cd	11.5^a	14.8^ab
新海43号 Xinhai43	102.5^a	12.7^ab	11.4^ab	14.9^ab	95.9^bc	13.2^ab	11.4^ab	15.3^ab	92.8^b	14.2^ab	11.5^a	14.8^ab
新海45号 Xinhai45	87.7^b	11.3^ab	9.6^bcd	11.19^c	99^b	12.8^ab	9.7^bc	11.6^c	107.5^a	15^a	9.9^ab	11.9^b
新海53号 Xinhai53	75.4^cd	11.6^ab	12^a	16.1^a	74.9^de	11.5^b	11^ab	16.1^ab	73^de	11.6^cd	10.7^ab	14.7^ab
新海61号 Xinhia61	99.1^a	11.7^ab	8.5^cd	12.3^bc	94.9^bc	12.3^ab	10.7^abc	14.2^bc	105.6^a	12^cd	12^a	15.1^ab
新海62号 Xinhai62	75.2^cd	11.9^ab	11.2^ab	15^ab	75.3^de	12.1^ab	11.2^ab	14.5^abc	78.2^cd	12.5^bc	10.1^ab	14.1^ab
棉城10号 Miancheng10	101.1^a	13.2^a	11.7^ab	15^ab	90.4^bc	12.2^ab	12.2^a	17.7^a	87.3^bc	11.8^cd	12.1^a	16.3^a
平均数 Mean	84.0	11.7	10.2	13.4	85.0	12.1	10.9	15.1	85.5	12.4	11.0	14.3
变异系数 Coefficient of variation(%)	16.5	8.9	13.5	12.7	15.1	10.6	9.5	12.3	18.6	10.9	8.3	8.7
氮肥 Nitrogen	NS	^*	^**	^*
品种 Varieties	^**	^**	^**	^**
氮肥×品种 Nitrogen× Varieties (N×V)	^**	^*	^**	^*