基于响应面法的多砾石砂土滴灌春小麦水肥条件优选

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.01.006

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (1): 43-51.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.01.006

• 作物遗传育种 · 耕作栽培 · 种质资源 · 生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

基于响应面法的多砾石砂土滴灌春小麦水肥条件优选

赵经华¹(), 杨庭瑞¹, 张恒², 虎胆·吐马尔白¹, 马亮¹, 陈凯丽¹

1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2022-05-11 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2023-03-07
通信作者: 赵经华(1979-),男,新疆奇台人,教授,博士,研究方向为节水灌溉,(E-mail)105512275@qq.com
基金资助:
上海合作组织科技伙伴计划及国际科技合作计划(2019E01011);新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅重点项目基金(XJEDU2017I007)

Optimal Selection of Water and Fertilizer for Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation in Gravel Sandy Soil Based on Response Surface Methodology

ZHAO Jinghua¹(), YANG Tingrui¹, ZHANG Heng², Hudan Tumaibai¹, MA Liang¹, CHEN Kaili¹

1. College of College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2022-05-11 Published:2023-01-20 Online:2023-03-07
Correspondence author: ZHAO Jinghua (1979-), Male, Qitai, Xinjiang, Dr.,professor, research field:research and teaching of water-saving irrigation technology,(E-mail)105512275@qq.com
Supported by:
SCO Science and Technology Partnership Program and International Science and Technology Cooperation Program(2019E01011);Key R & D Project of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJEDU2017I007)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究多砾石砂土土质条件下不同水肥处理对滴灌春小麦生长发育的影响,为阿勒泰地区小麦的水肥施用提供指导。【方法】设置30 mm(W₁)、45 mm(W₂)、60 mm(W₃)3个灌水水平及尿素施用0 kg/hm²(N₀)、300 kg/hm²(N₁)、600 kg/hm²(N₂)3个施肥水平,利用方差分析及响应面法进行结果优选。【结果】同一灌水水平下,N₀处理相比N₁、N₂处理春小麦株高及干物质积累量较低,其中 N₀处理与N₂处理株高和干物质积累量差异显著(P<0.05);同一施肥水平下春小麦株高及干物质积累量随着灌水量增加逐渐增加。灌水量对有效穗数有显著影响(P<0.05),对千粒重无显著影响(P>0.05)。施肥量对千粒重和有效穗数无显著影响(P>0.05)。灌水量与施肥量对每穗粒数和产量有极显著影响(P<0.01),水肥交互仅对产量有极显著影响(P<0.01)。【结论】利用响应面法优选后的最佳水肥条件为灌水60 mm,施肥388 kg/hm²,该条件下小麦产量为6 923.1 kg/hm²;W₃N₁处理(灌水量60 mm,施肥量300 kg/hm²)下小麦的干物质积累、产量构成及产量表现较好,最终产量为7 040.93 kg/hm²,选取W₃N₁为较好的水肥处理。

关键词: 春小麦; 水肥; 产量; 多砾石砂土; 响应面法

Abstract:

【Objective】 Based on the spring wheat planting environment with gravelly sandy soil in Fuhai County, Altay, Xinjiang.this paper studied the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on the growth and development of spring wheat under drip irrigation under the condition of gravelly sandy soil., so as to provide guidance for the application of water and fertilizer of wheat in Altay Prefecture. 【Method】 Three irrigation levels of 30 mm (W₁), 45 mm (W₂) and 60 mm (W₃) and three fertilization levels of urea application 0 kg/hm² (N₀), 300 kg/hm²(N₁) and 600 kg/hm² (N₂) were set, and the results were optimized by ANOVA and response surface methodology. 【Result】 The experiment found that under the same irrigation level, spring wheat plant height and dry matter accumulation of N₀ treatment were lower than that of N₁ and N₂ treatments.Among them, the plant height and dry matter accumulation of N₀ treatment and N₂ treatment were significantly different (P<0.05); Under the same fertilization level, the plant height and dry matter accumulation of spring wheat increased gradually with the increase of irrigation amount.The amount of irrigation has a significant effect on the effective ear number (P<0.05), but has no significant effect on the thousand-grain weight (P>0.05).The amount of fertilization had no significant effect on the thousand-grain weight and effective ear number (P>0.05).Irrigation amount and fertilization amount have a very significant effect on the number of grains per panicle and yield (P<0.01), and the interaction of water and fertilizer only has a very significant effect on yield (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 Under the applicable conditions of the response surface model, the optimal water and fertilizer conditions optimized by the response surface method are 60 mm irrigation and 388 kg/hm² fertilization.Under these conditions, the wheat yield is 6,923.1 kg/hm²; analysis of comprehensive test results It was found that the dry matter accumulation, yield composition and yield performance of wheat under W₃N₁ treatment (irrigation rate 60 mm, fertilization rate 300 kg/hm²) were better, and the final yield was 7,040.93 kg/hm², so W₃N₁ was better.Water and fertilizer treatment.

Key words: spring wheat; water and fertilizer; yield; gravelly sandy soil; response surface methodology

中图分类号:

赵经华, 杨庭瑞, 张恒, 虎胆·吐马尔白, 马亮, 陈凯丽. 基于响应面法的多砾石砂土滴灌春小麦水肥条件优选[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(1): 43-51.

ZHAO Jinghua, YANG Tingrui, ZHANG Heng, Hudan Tumaibai, MA Liang, CHEN Kaili. Optimal Selection of Water and Fertilizer for Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation in Gravel Sandy Soil Based on Response Surface Methodology[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(1): 43-51.

图/表 10

表1 土壤容重和田间持水量

Table 1 Soil bulk density and field water holding capacity

土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g/cm³)	体积含水率 Volumetric moisture content(%)
20	1.79	22.13
40	1.77	20.86
60	1.75	17.22
平均Average	1.77	20.07

表2 春小麦灌溉制度

Table 2 Irrigation system of spring wheat

灌水日期 Irrigation date	灌水周期 Water cycle (d)	灌水次数 Irrigation frequ ency	灌水定额 Irrigation quota (mm)
灌水日期 Irrigation date	灌水周期 Water cycle (d)	灌水次数 Irrigation frequ ency	W₁	W₂	W₃
4月22日	/	1	45	45	45
5月17日	25	1	30	45	60
5月25日	8	1	30	45	60
6月03日	8	1	30	45	60
6月12日	9	1	30	45	60
6月20日	8	1	30	45	60
6月27日	7	1	30	45	60
7月04日	7	1	30	45	60
7月11日	7	1	30	30	30
合计Total	79	9	285	390	495

表3 春小麦各处理施肥

Table 3 Fertilization status of each treatment for spring wheat

处理Treatments	N₀	N₁(kg/hm²)	N₂(kg/hm²)
底肥Base fertilizer	不施肥	磷酸氢二铵195 钾镁肥105	磷酸氢二铵195 钾镁肥105
拔节期Jointing stage	不施肥	尿素120	尿素240
抽穗扬花期Heading and flowering period	不施肥	尿素120	尿素240
灌浆期Filling stage	不施肥	尿素60	尿素120
尿素总计Total urea	/	300	600

表4 各水肥处理下不同生育期春小麦的株高变化

Table 4 Plant height of spring wheat at different growth stages under different water and fertilizer treatments(cm)

处理 Treatments	分蘖期 Tillering stage	拔节孕穗期 Jointing and booting period	抽穗扬花期 Heading and flowering period	灌浆期 Filling stage	成熟期 Mature stage
W₁N₀	12.37^a	35.8^ab	56.2^c	59.6^e	59^d
W₂N₀	12.26^a	33.67^b	56.13^c	60.93^e	60.87^cd
W₃N₀	11.11^a	34.47^b	65.47^ab	69.27^cd	68^bc
W₁N₁	11.71^a	37.6^ab	58.87b^c	63.13^de	61.07^cd
W₂N₁	11.7^a	38.13^ab	65.07^ab	72.4^abc	70.93^ab
W₃N₁	11.9^a	37.67^ab	67.07^ab	79.53^a	79.2^a
W₁N₂	11.82^a	40.13^a	66.73^ab	71.33^bc	70.33^b
W₂N₂	12.79^a	40.07^a	67.4^ab	73.27^abc	71.87^ab
W₃N₂	12.93^a	40.87^a	69.2^a	78^ab	75.73^ab

表5 各水肥处理下不同生育期春小麦的干物质积累变化

Table 5 Dry matter accumulation of spring wheat at different growth stages under different water and fertilizer treatments(kg/hm2)

处理 Treatments	分蘖期 Tillering stage	拔节孕穗期 Jointing and booting period	抽穗扬花期 Heading and flowering period	灌浆期 Filling stage	成熟期 Mature stage
W₁N₀	7 910.62^a	8 731.03^b	12 326.16^a	13 646.82^b	13 433.63^d
W₂N₀	7 977.32^a	9 384.69^ab	12 739.70^a	14 473.90^b	15 213.82^bcd
W₃N₀	7 843.92^a	8 991.16^ab	12 532.93^a	15 587.79^ab	15 755.39^abcd
W₁N₁	8 390.86^a	10 358.51^a	13 500.08^a	14 027.01^b	14 940.55^cd
W₂N₁	8 164.08^a	10 305.15^ab	13 966.98^a	15 654.49^ab	16 141.15^abc
W₃N₁	8 084.04^a	10 171.75^ab	14 653.99^a	17 455.39^a	17 275.15^abc
W₁N₂	8 070.70^a	10 388.68^a	14 527.26^a	16 262.51^ab	16 234.78^abc
W₂N₂	8 384.19^a	9 731.53^ab	15 227.01^a	18 001.58^a	17 714.92^ab
W₃N₂	8 090.71^a	9 458.06^ab	14 914.12^a	18 115.72^a	18 189.09^a

表6 不同水肥水平对小麦的产量及产量构成方差变化

Table 6 Variance analysis of different water and fertilizer levels on wheat yield and yield composition

处理 Treatments		千粒重 Thousand Grain Weight(g)	每穗粒数 Number of grains per spike (个)	有效穗数 Effective panicle number (株/hm²)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
W₁N₀		38.5^b	27.32^d	3 741 870^b	3 935.42^f
W₂N₀		41.97^ab	28.77^d	3 875 270^ab	4 375.46^e
W₃N₀		42.63^ab	29.22^cd	4 272 135^a	5 073.57^d
W₁N₁		43^ab	30.17^cd	3 815 240^ab	4 846.91^d
W₂N₁		43.23^ab	34.9^ab	4 018 675^ab	6 301.77^b
W₃N₁		45.5^a	36.99^a	4 088 710^ab	7 040.93^a
W₁N₂		40.33^ab	32.64^bc	3 701 850^b	4 178.24^ef
W₂N₂		42.5^ab	35.19^ab	3 855 260^ab	5 926.93^c
W₃N₂		41.03^ab	36.97^a	4 028 680^ab	6 097.76^bc
	灌水	NS	^**	^*	^**
多元方差分析 MANOVA	施肥	NS	^**	NS	^**
	灌水×施肥	NS	NS	NS	^**

表7 模型参数的设计及运行数据

Table 7 Design and operation data of model parameters

处理 Treat ments	灌水定额 Irrigation quota (mm)	尿素总计 Total urea (kg/hm²)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
W₁N₀	45	600	5 926.93
W₂N₀	30	300	4 846.9
W₃N₀	30	0	3 935.42
W₁N₁	60	0	5 073.57
W₂N₁	30	600	4 178.24
W₃N₁	45	0	4 375.46
W₁N₂	60	600	6 097.76
W₂N₂	60	300	7 040.93
W₃N₂	45	300	6 301.77

表8 产量响应值回归方程方差

Table 8 Variance analysis of regression equation for yield response value

来源 Origin	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	P	R²/调整R² R²/Adjust R²	显著性 Significant
来源 Origin	产量 Yield	自由度 Degree of freedom	产量 Yield	F	P	R²/调整R² R²/Adjust R²	显著性 Significant
模型Model	8.866E+006	5	1.773E+006	12.41	0.032 2	0.954/0.877	显著
X₁	4.597E+006	1	4.597E+006	32.17	0.010 9
X₂	1.324E+006	1	1.324E+006	9.26	0.055 7
X₁X₂	1.526E+005	1	1.526E+005	1.07	0.377 4
$X_{1}^{2}$	2.302E+005	1	2.302E+005	1.61	0.293 9
${X_{2}}^{2}$	2.563E+006	1	2.563E+006	17.93	0.024 1
误差Error	4.287E+005	3	1.429E+005

表8 产量响应值回归方程方差

Table 8 Variance analysis of regression equation for yield response value

来源 Origin	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	P	R²/调整R² R²/Adjust R²	显著性 Significant
来源 Origin	产量 Yield	自由度 Degree of freedom	产量 Yield	F	P	R²/调整R² R²/Adjust R²	显著性 Significant
模型Model	8.866E+006	5	1.773E+006	12.41	0.032 2	0.954/0.877	显著
X₁	4.597E+006	1	4.597E+006	32.17	0.010 9
X₂	1.324E+006	1	1.324E+006	9.26	0.055 7
X₁X₂	1.526E+005	1	1.526E+005	1.07	0.377 4
$X_{1}^{2}$	2.302E+005	1	2.302E+005	1.61	0.293 9
${X_{2}}^{2}$	2.563E+006	1	2.563E+006	17.93	0.024 1
误差Error	4.287E+005	3	1.429E+005

图1 灌水量与施氮量处理下小麦产量等高线分布

Fig.1 Contour distribution of the effect of irrigation amount and urea amount on wheat yield

图2 灌水量与施氮量处理下小麦产量曲面

Fig.2 Curved diagram of the effect of irrigation amount and urea amount on wheat yield

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基于响应面法的多砾石砂土滴灌春小麦水肥条件优选

Optimal Selection of Water and Fertilizer for Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation in Gravel Sandy Soil Based on Response Surface Methodology

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