膜下滴灌水氮空间调控对机采棉群体塑造及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.08.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8): 1838-1846.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.08.003

• 作物遗传育种·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

膜下滴灌水氮空间调控对机采棉群体塑造及产量的影响

蒲胜海¹^,²^,³(), 王则玉¹^,², 丁峰¹^,²(), 牛新湘¹^,², 金秀勤⁴, 马红红¹^,²^,³, 马兴旺¹^,², 李磐¹^,², 彭银双⁵, 刘小利¹^,², 涂永峰³, 赵冬梅³, 李小伟³, 李韵同¹

1.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.农业农村部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆慧尔农业集团股份有限公司,新疆昌吉 831100
4.新疆农业大学资源与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
5.乌鲁木齐京诚检测技术有限公司,乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2021-10-29 出版日期:2022-08-20 发布日期:2022-10-01
通信作者: 丁峰（1980-）,男,山东文登人,副研究员,研究方向为水肥资源高效利用,（ E-mail ） nkydf@126.com
作者简介:蒲胜海（1982-）,男,重庆垫江人,副研究员,研究方向为水肥资源高效利用,（ E-mail ） aiqing2008@126.com
基金资助:
农业部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室开放基金(NYBXBLZ-201703);农业部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室开放基金(NYBXBLZ-201805);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0800804);新疆棉田面源污染定位监测预警田间标准实验室条件建设项目

Machine-picked Cotton Population Shaping and Yield under Mulch Drip Irrigation with Different Spatial Distribution of Water and Nitrogen

PU Shenghai¹^,²^,³(), WANG Zeyu¹^,², DING Feng¹^,²(), NIU Xinxiang¹^,², JIN Xiuqin⁴, MA Honghong¹^,²^,³, MA Xingwnag¹^,², LI Pan¹^,², PENG Yinshuang⁵, LIU Xiaoli¹^,², TU Yongfeng³, ZHAO Dongmei³, LI Xiaowei³, LI Yuntong¹

1. Research Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Agricultural Environment of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Xinjiang Huier Agricultural Group Co. Ltd, Changji Xinjiang 831100, China
4. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China
5. Urumqi Jingcheng Detection Technology Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830000,China

Received:2021-10-29 Published:2022-08-20 Online:2022-10-01
Correspondence author: DING Feng（1980-）,male, from Wendeng, Shandong, research associate, research area: Efficient use of water and fertilizer resources,（E-mail） nkydf@126.com
Supported by:
Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(NYBXBLZ-201703);Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(NYBXBLZ-201805);National Key R & D Program Project(2018YFD0800804);Xinjiang Cotton Field Non-point Source Pollution Location Monitoring and Early Warning Field Standard Laboratory Condition Construction Project

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究膜下滴灌水氮空间调控对机采棉群体塑造及产量的影响。【方法】以新陆中66号为供试品种,试验采用大田裂区试验设计,主区为膜内不同滴灌带条数,分别为2、3和5条（分别标记为G₂、G₃、G₅）;副区为不同施氮量,分布为0、238、317、396 kg/hm²（分别标记为N₀、N₁、N₂、N₃）,研究棉花生育期内不同水氮处理对群体指标、叶面积指数、干物质积累、产量和氮肥农学效应的影响。【结果】施氮量对机采棉群体塑造影响极显著,滴灌带布置条数对茎粗和果枝始节高度有显著影响;增加布管数量和施氮量可增加机采棉的叶面积指数,并在生育中后期达到显著影响;机采棉地上部分干物质积累量、单株铃数、单铃重、衣分和籽棉产量均随着施氮量的增加而呈单峰趋势,在N₂水平下有最大值;滴灌带条数和施氮量的交互作用对果枝始节果枝始节高度、吐絮初期干物质积累量和产量的影响显著。【结论】水氮空间调控会显著影响棉花群体塑造和产量。适合“10 cm-66 cm-10 cm-66 cm-10 cm”机采棉模式的水氮组合为G₅N₂;考虑种植成本,也可选用G₃N₂组合,但需要适当提高其灌水频率,并对应减少灌水定额。

关键词: 机采棉; 水氮空间分布; 膜下滴灌; 株型塑造; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 The spatial regulation of water and nitrogen has great benefits to shape the ideal machine-picked cotton population. 【Method】 Xinluzhong 66 was taken as the tested variety, the split-zone test design was adopted with three drip irrigation belt layouts of 2,3 and 5（marked as G₂, G₃ and G₅, respectively） in the main zone and four nitrogen fertilizer topdressing strategies of 0, 238, 317 and 396 kg/hm^2（marked as N₀, N₁, N₂ and N₃, respectively） in the sub -zone. Effects of different treatments on population index, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, yield and agronomic effects of N fertilizer in cotton growth period were analyzed. 【Results】 Nitrogen application rate had a significant effect on the molding of machine-picked cotton population, and the number of drip irrigation belt arrangement had a significant effect on stem diameter and the height of fruit branch beginning. The leaf area index（LAI） of machine-picked cotton was increased by increasing the number of tubes and nitrogen application, and was significantly affected in the middle and late growth period. Above-ground dry matter accumulation, boll number per plant, boll weight per plant, lint percentage and seed cotton yield of machine-picked cotton showed a single-peak trend with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and had the maximum value at N₂ level. The interaction between the number of drip irrigation strips and nitrogen application rate had significant effects on the initial height of fruit branches, dry matter accumulation at the beginning of boll opening and yield.【Conclusion】 Machine-picked cotton population shaping and yield are significantly affected by spatial regulation of water and nitrogen. As for “10 cm-66 cm-10 cm-66 cm-10 cm” machine-picked cotton mode, the recommended combination of water and nitrogen is G₅N₂. Considering the planting cost, G₃N₂combination can also be selected, but the irrigation frequency should be appropriately increased and the irrigation quota should be correspondingly reduced.

Key words: machine-picked cotton; spatial distribution of water and nitrogen; plant-type structure; mulch drip irrigation; yield

中图分类号:

S365

蒲胜海, 王则玉, 丁峰, 牛新湘, 金秀勤, 马红红, 马兴旺, 李磐, 彭银双, 刘小利, 涂永峰, 赵冬梅, 李小伟, 李韵同. 膜下滴灌水氮空间调控对机采棉群体塑造及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(8): 1838-1846.

PU Shenghai, WANG Zeyu, DING Feng, NIU Xinxiang, JIN Xiuqin, MA Honghong, MA Xingwnag, LI Pan, PENG Yinshuang, LIU Xiaoli, TU Yongfeng, ZHAO Dongmei, LI Xiaowei, LI Yuntong. Machine-picked Cotton Population Shaping and Yield under Mulch Drip Irrigation with Different Spatial Distribution of Water and Nitrogen[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(8): 1838-1846.

图/表 6

参考文献 34

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滴灌带 Drip irrigation belts	氮肥 Nitrogen	株高 Plant height （cm）	茎粗 Thick stem （mm）	倒四叶宽 Inverted four-leaf width（cm）	果枝始节高 Height of the first fruit branch（cm）	果枝数 Number of branches
G₅	N₀	52.95^bA	7.61^bA	9.85^cA	15.06^cA	5.99^cA
	N₁	72.6^aA	9.64^aA	12.14^bA	21.01^bB	8.61^bA
	N₂	73.91^aA	10.37^aA	13.54^aA	21.42^bA	9.83^aA
	N₃	75.6^aA	10.38^aA	14.34^aA	22.4^aA	10.9^aA
G₃	N₀	52.45^bA	7.74^bA	10.31^cA	15.11^dA	6.4^dA
	N₁	72.36^aA	9.71^aA	11.92^bA	20.64^cAB	8.73^cA
	N₂	73.64^aA	10.69^aA	13.14^aA	21.24^bA	9.54^bA
	N₃	75.35^aA	10.38^aA	13.91^aA	21.93^aA	11.1^aA
G₂	N₀	53.89^bA	7.71^bA	10.14^cA	15.45^cA	6.25^dA
	N₁	70.74^aA	8.82^aA	11.54^bA	20.23^bB	8.12^cA
	N₂	71.9^aA	9.18^aA	13.11^aA	20.69^bB	9.23^bA
	N₃	74.3^aA	9.33^aA	13.83^aA	21.93^aA	10.33^aA
滴灌带Drip irrigation belt		ns	*	ns	*	ns
施氮Nitrogen		***	***	***	***	***
滴灌带数施氮量Drip irrigation beltnitrogen		ns	ns	ns	*	ns

滴灌带 Drip irrigation belts	氮肥 Nitrogen	株高 Plant height （cm）	茎粗 Thick stem （mm）	倒四叶宽 Inverted four-leaf width（cm）	果枝始节高 Height of the first fruit branch（cm）	果枝数 Number of branches
G₅	N₀	52.95^bA	7.61^bA	9.85^cA	15.06^cA	5.99^cA
	N₁	72.6^aA	9.64^aA	12.14^bA	21.01^bB	8.61^bA
	N₂	73.91^aA	10.37^aA	13.54^aA	21.42^bA	9.83^aA
	N₃	75.6^aA	10.38^aA	14.34^aA	22.4^aA	10.9^aA
G₃	N₀	52.45^bA	7.74^bA	10.31^cA	15.11^dA	6.4^dA
	N₁	72.36^aA	9.71^aA	11.92^bA	20.64^cAB	8.73^cA
	N₂	73.64^aA	10.69^aA	13.14^aA	21.24^bA	9.54^bA
	N₃	75.35^aA	10.38^aA	13.91^aA	21.93^aA	11.1^aA
G₂	N₀	53.89^bA	7.71^bA	10.14^cA	15.45^cA	6.25^dA
	N₁	70.74^aA	8.82^aA	11.54^bA	20.23^bB	8.12^cA
	N₂	71.9^aA	9.18^aA	13.11^aA	20.69^bB	9.23^bA
	N₃	74.3^aA	9.33^aA	13.83^aA	21.93^aA	10.33^aA
滴灌带Drip irrigation belt		ns	*	ns	*	ns
施氮Nitrogen		***	***	***	***	***
滴灌带数施氮量Drip irrigation beltnitrogen		ns	ns	ns	*	ns

滴灌带 Drip irrigation belt	氮肥 Nitrogen	单株铃/个 Number of bolls	单铃重 Single boll mass （g）	衣分 Ginning outturn （%）	产量 Yield （kg/hm²）	氮肥农学效应 Agronomic effects of N fertilizer（kg/kg）
G₅	N₀	2.83^cA	4.79^cA	41.71^aA	3 195.64^dA	—
	N₁	4.92^bA	5.05^bA	41.91^aA	5 715.34^cA	10.6^aA
	N₂	5.82^aA	5.31^aA	42.06^aA	6 545.47^aA	10.57^aA
	N₃	5.63^aA	5.22^aA	42.03^aA	6 375.58^bA	8.03^bA
G₃	N₀	2.79^dA	4.72^cA	41.69^aA	3 210.11^dA	—
	N₁	4.95^cA	4.99^bA	41.87^aA	5 675.21^cA	10.37^aA
	N₂	5.72^aAB	5.21^aAB	42.00^aA	6 498.65^aA	10.37^aA
	N₃	5.52^bAB	5.18^aA	41.95^aA	6 305.74^bAB	7.81^bA
G₂	N₀	2.73^cA	4.75^cA	41.81^aA	3 150.71^cA	—
	N₁	5.01^bA	5.01^bA	41.99^aA	5 400.12^bB	9.46^aB
	N₂	5.53^aB	5.19^aB	42.11^aA	6 240.44^aB	9.75^aB
	N₃	5.44^aB	5.16^aA	42.08^aA	6 080.63^aB	7.39^bB
滴灌带Drip irrigation belt		*	*	ns	***	***
施氮Nitrogen		***	***	ns	***	***
滴灌带数施氮量 Drip irrigation beltnitrogen		ns	ns	ns	*	ns

滴灌带 Drip irrigation belt	氮肥 Nitrogen	单株铃/个 Number of bolls	单铃重 Single boll mass （g）	衣分 Ginning outturn （%）	产量 Yield （kg/hm²）	氮肥农学效应 Agronomic effects of N fertilizer（kg/kg）
G₅	N₀	2.83^cA	4.79^cA	41.71^aA	3 195.64^dA	—
	N₁	4.92^bA	5.05^bA	41.91^aA	5 715.34^cA	10.6^aA
	N₂	5.82^aA	5.31^aA	42.06^aA	6 545.47^aA	10.57^aA
	N₃	5.63^aA	5.22^aA	42.03^aA	6 375.58^bA	8.03^bA
G₃	N₀	2.79^dA	4.72^cA	41.69^aA	3 210.11^dA	—
	N₁	4.95^cA	4.99^bA	41.87^aA	5 675.21^cA	10.37^aA
	N₂	5.72^aAB	5.21^aAB	42.00^aA	6 498.65^aA	10.37^aA
	N₃	5.52^bAB	5.18^aA	41.95^aA	6 305.74^bAB	7.81^bA
G₂	N₀	2.73^cA	4.75^cA	41.81^aA	3 150.71^cA	—
	N₁	5.01^bA	5.01^bA	41.99^aA	5 400.12^bB	9.46^aB
	N₂	5.53^aB	5.19^aB	42.11^aA	6 240.44^aB	9.75^aB
	N₃	5.44^aB	5.16^aA	42.08^aA	6 080.63^aB	7.39^bB
滴灌带Drip irrigation belt		*	*	ns	***	***
施氮Nitrogen		***	***	ns	***	***
滴灌带数施氮量 Drip irrigation beltnitrogen		ns	ns	ns	*	ns

膜下滴灌水氮空间调控对机采棉群体塑造及产量的影响

Machine-picked Cotton Population Shaping and Yield under Mulch Drip Irrigation with Different Spatial Distribution of Water and Nitrogen

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参考文献 34

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Metrics

项目Item	灌水次数 Number of irrigation
项目Item	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
灌水定额/Irrigation quota（m³/ hm²）	30	30	40	40	40	40	35	35	30
氮肥施用比例/Nitrogen application proportion（%）	20	-	6	8	22	25	12	7	-

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