不同行距配置对无膜棉成铃分布及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】无地膜覆盖栽培下,研究不同行距配置对棉花生殖器官发生、产量以及棉铃空间分布的影响,为新疆南疆无膜棉筛选合理的栽培行距配置提供依据。【方法】以中619号、新陆中82号为材料,以幅宽2.28 m为标准,设1幅3行(76 cm+76 cm)、1幅4行(76 cm+10 cm+76 cm)、1幅6行(10 cm+66 cm+10 cm+66 cm+10 cm)3种种植模式,采用棉花数据采集系统进行花铃期株式图普查,研究不同行距配置下不同品种无膜棉成铃空间分布与着生概率。【结果】棉花各果枝果节处整体生殖器官发生概率在1幅4行模式下最高;中619品种与新陆中82号品种在1幅3行栽培模式下生理生殖表现在同一水平。1幅4行中619品种单株结铃数12.8个,单铃皮棉重2.608 g,产量(6 259.8 kg/hm²)与同品种1幅6行(6 748.3 kg/hm²)无显著差异。伏桃到秋桃时期,棉铃整体空间分布横向先增加后降低。随着棉花行数的增加,水平位置上,棉花成铃分布由向外延伸变为向内侧集中,棉花结铃空间分布出现“下空性”;垂直方向上,棉花凋零由发生脱落的果枝向棉株中部果枝第2果节处转移,棉花现蕾开花数减少。【结论】在新疆南疆棉花常规种植行距配置下,中619品种1幅4行结铃数多,脱落率低,产量稳定,指标优于新陆中82号,综合表现最佳。

关键词: 无膜棉; 行距配置; 棉铃分布; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different row spacing on the occurrence of reproductive organs, yield and spatial distribution of cotton bolls under the cultivation technique without plastic film mulching in the hope of providing the basis for screening the reasonable row spacing arrangement of plastic-free cotton in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】 In this study, Zhong 619 and Xinluzhong 82 were used as experimental materials, and the width of 2.28 m was taken as the standard. One picture with three lines (76 cm+76 cm), four lines (76 cm+10 cm+76 cm) and six lines (10 cm+66 cm+10 cm+66 cm+10 cm) were set up. 【Result】 The occurrence probability of the whole reproductive organs at each fruit branch and node of cotton was the highest under the pattern of one picture with four lines. The physiological reproduction of Zhong 619 and Xin 82 were at the same level under a three-row cultivation mode. There were 12.8 bolls per plant and 2.608 g lint per boll in a four-row plot, and the yield (6,259.8 kg/hm²) was not significantly different from that in a six-row plot (6,748.3 kg/hm²) of the same variety. From bolling to autumn peach period, the overall spatial distribution of cotton bolls increased at first and then decreased. With the increase of cotton rows, the distribution of cotton bolls changed from outward extension to inward concentration in horizontal position, and the spatial distribution of cotton bolls appeared "lower void". In the vertical direction, cotton withering shifted from the fallen fruit branch to the second fruit node of the middle fruit branch of cotton plant, and the number of budding and flowering of cotton decreased. 【Conclusion】 Under the conventional planting row spacing configuration of cotton in southern Xinjiang, Zhong 619 has more bolls in four rows per picture, lower shedding rate and stable yield, and its index is superior to Xinluzhong 82, which shows the best comprehensive performance.

Key words: membraneless cotton; line spacing configuration; bolls distribution; yield

中图分类号:

S562

刘锦涛, 郭子轩, 曹娟, 李志鹏, 万素梅, 李亚兵, 翟云龙, 毛廷勇. 不同行距配置对无膜棉成铃分布及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(5): 1041-1050.

LIU Jintao, GUO Zixuan, CAO Juan, LI Zhipeng, WAN Sumei, LI Yabing, ZHAI Yunlong, MAO Tingyong. Effects of Different Row Spacing on Boll Formation and Yield and Quality of Mulching Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(5): 1041-1050.

图/表 8

表1 不同处理棉花生育时期及生育期

Table 1 Different treatment cotton growth period and growth period

品种 Varieties	行距配置 Line spacing configuration	苗期 Seeding stage	蕾期 Bud stage	开花期 Flowering stage	吐絮期 Boll opening stage	生育期 Growth period
品种 Varieties	行距配置 Line spacing configuration	(日/月)	(日/月)	(日/月)	(日/月)	(d)
中619 CCRI 619cotton	1幅3行	30/4	8/6	10/7	5/9	144
	1幅4行	30/4	8/6	10/7	6/9	144
	1幅6行	30/4	8/6	11/7	6/9	145
新陆中82号 Xinluzhong 82	1幅3行	30/4	7/6	11/7	7/9	146
	1幅4行	30/4	7/6	11/7	7/9	146
	1幅6行	30/4	8/6	12/7	8/9	147

图1 不同行距模式棉花种植示意

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of cotton planting in different row spacing modes

图2 棉花生育期内田间温度和相对湿度变化

Fig.2 Variation trend chart of field temperature and relative humidity during cotton growth period

图3 不同行距配置下中棉619 棉花产量空间分布

Fig.3 Spatial distribution of cotton yield of Zhong 619 under different row spacing configurations

图4 不同行距配置新陆中82号棉花产量空间分布

Fig.4 Spatial distribution of cotton yield of Xin 82 under different row spacing configurations

图5 不同行距配置下中棉619、新陆中82号棉花脱落变化

Fig.5 Cotton shedding of Zhong 619 and Xin 82 under different row spacing configurations

图6 不同行距配置下2品种不同果节位点生殖器官分布注:A、B、C:中6191幅3行、4行、6行7月24日棉株不同果节位点生殖器官分布概率。D、E、F:新陆中82号1幅3行、4行、6行7月24日棉株不同果节位点生殖器官分布概率

Fig.6 The reproductive organs of the two varieties were distributed at different fruit nodes under different row spacing configuration Note:A, B, C: Zhong 619 A plot of 3, 4 and 6 rows on July 24 Reproductive organ distribution probability at different fruit node sites of cotton plant.D, E, F: Xin 82 A plot of 3, 4 and 6 rows on July 24 Reproductive organ distribution probability at different fruit node sites of cotton plant

表2 不同行距配置下棉花产量构成因素变化

Table 2 Influence of row spacing configuration on cotton yield components

品种 Varieties	处理 Han dle	单铃重 Single bell weight (g)	单株铃数 Boll number (个)	单铃籽棉重 Single bell seed weight (g)	单铃皮棉重 Single bell lint weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
中619 Zhong619	A	5.3±0.05^a	12.0±1.0 ${6^{a}}^{b}$	5.678±0.05 ${8^{a}}^{b}$	2.464±0.03 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	43.4±0.002^a	5 673.7±69. ${1^{b}}^{c}$
	B	5.5±0.07^a	12.8±0.87^a	5.902±0.068^a	2.608±0.095^a	44.2±0.011^a	6 259.8±240. ${9^{a}}^{b}$
	C	5.0±0.1 ${0^{b}}^{c}$	8.8±1.53^c	4.166±0.129^c	1.802±0.096^c	43.2±0.010^a	6 748.3±216.4^a
新陆中82号 Xinluzhong 82	A	5.4±0.08^a	12.2±1.6 ${5^{a}}^{b}$	5,582±0.09 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	2.322±0.10 ${8^{a}}^{b}$	41.5±0.013^a	4 340.9±152.7^d
	B	5.2±0.0 ${8^{a}}^{b}$	10.4±1.1 ${4^{b}}^{c}$	5.652±0.11 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	2.33±0.10 ${1^{a}}^{b}$	41.2±0.011^a	5 092.6±199. ${6^{c}}^{d}$
	C	4.9±0.10^c	8.5±1.18^c	5.328±0.150^b	2.276±0.086^b	42.7±0.006^a	5 203.5±170.2^c

表2 不同行距配置下棉花产量构成因素变化

Table 2 Influence of row spacing configuration on cotton yield components

品种 Varieties	处理 Han dle	单铃重 Single bell weight (g)	单株铃数 Boll number (个)	单铃籽棉重 Single bell seed weight (g)	单铃皮棉重 Single bell lint weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
中619 Zhong619	A	5.3±0.05^a	12.0±1.0 ${6^{a}}^{b}$	5.678±0.05 ${8^{a}}^{b}$	2.464±0.03 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	43.4±0.002^a	5 673.7±69. ${1^{b}}^{c}$
	B	5.5±0.07^a	12.8±0.87^a	5.902±0.068^a	2.608±0.095^a	44.2±0.011^a	6 259.8±240. ${9^{a}}^{b}$
	C	5.0±0.1 ${0^{b}}^{c}$	8.8±1.53^c	4.166±0.129^c	1.802±0.096^c	43.2±0.010^a	6 748.3±216.4^a
新陆中82号 Xinluzhong 82	A	5.4±0.08^a	12.2±1.6 ${5^{a}}^{b}$	5,582±0.09 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	2.322±0.10 ${8^{a}}^{b}$	41.5±0.013^a	4 340.9±152.7^d
	B	5.2±0.0 ${8^{a}}^{b}$	10.4±1.1 ${4^{b}}^{c}$	5.652±0.11 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	2.33±0.10 ${1^{a}}^{b}$	41.2±0.011^a	5 092.6±199. ${6^{c}}^{d}$
	C	4.9±0.10^c	8.5±1.18^c	5.328±0.150^b	2.276±0.086^b	42.7±0.006^a	5 203.5±170.2^c

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