Abstract: 【Objective】 In this paper, the structural equation model is used to clarify the response mechanism of cotton farmers ' integration into green production behavior in the main cotton producing areas of Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Taking 296 cotton farmers as the research object, this paper combs the research progress of cotton green production and management through literature analysis, and conducts field research on Shaya County, Bachu County, Yuli County in southern Xinjiang and Changji, Manas County, Shawan County in northern Xinjiang. Based on the theory of planned behavior, the structural equation model of the response path of cotton farmers ' green production and management behavior is constructed. 【Results】 The overall Cronbach 's coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.903, the maximum value was 0.841, the minimum value was 0.740, and the reliability of the results was high. The p-value was < 0.001. The reliability values of behavioral attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention and behavioral response were 0.944,0.741,0.796,0.847 and 0.793, respectively. The convergent validity was 0.653,0.488,0.566,0.652 and 0.563, respectively. The convergent validity greater than 0.5 was an idealized state. The maximum value was 0.653 for behavioral attitude and the minimum value was 0.488 for subjective norm. The discriminant validity was 0.808, 0.699, 0.752, 0.807 and 0.750, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The explanatory degree of subjective norm, behavioral attitude and perceived behavioral control to the willingness of cotton farmers ' green production and operation was 0.44, 0.40 and 0.24, respectively. The explanatory degree of the willingness of cotton farmers ' green production and operation to their green production and operation behavior was 0.63.