Abstract: 【Objective】 With the transformation of irrigation methods in Xinjiang， to explore the effects of farmland shelterbelts in arid areas. 【Method】 In this study， a north-south farmland shelterbelt in the 150 regiment of Xinjiang and a cotton field on the west side were selected as the research objects. The different tree heights of the farmland shelterbelt from the farmland shelterbelt were compared and analyzed based on the various factors of the farmland shelterbelt on the cotton field （H is the average farmland shelterbelt The spatiotemporal changes and distribution characteristics of factors such as weather， soil and cotton growth conditions in cotton fields at tree heights of 15 m） were used to study the stress law and stress degree of shelter forests on cotton fields， and screen out the dominant factors of farmland shelter forest threats. 【Results】 The results showed that the well-developed root system of poplar tree species in 150 groups of farmland shelterbelts is the main reason for the threat of the forest belt； the meteorological factors that cause farmland shelterbelts to the cotton land threat are light and soil moisture， and the correlation coefficient can reach 0.972 and 0.995； The main fertility factors that cause farmland shelterbelts to cotton field are soil organic matter and total nitrogen， and the correlation coefficients can reach 0.980 and 0.992. Farmland shelterbelts have a greater impact on the growth and development of cotton in the early stage， and the later symptoms of threatened land are alleviated. 【Conclusion】 Farmland shelterbelts have a greater impact on soil organic matter and total nitrogen in cotton fields. In the early stage， the growth of cotton was affected by reducing light intensity and soil moisture content.