甜菜营养生长期糖分积累及块根膨大规律

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究甜菜营养生长期的糖分积累过程以及块根膨大形成规律,分析新疆滴灌甜菜营养生长生育期的变化规律,为甜菜高产优质生产生育调控提供理论依据。【方法】间苗后每隔5 d田间定点测定5株甜菜绿叶数、枯叶数、叶丛高度、块根直径和周长,以及整株起挖连续不缺苗5株测定叶丛鲜重、茎叶长度、块根鲜重与锤度等指标,每隔15 d测定叶丛和块根干物质,分析植株地上部分生长以及地下部分变化。【结果】6月上旬至7月下旬叶丛快速生长,根叶比<1,叶丛生长速度高于根体增长速度,含糖率受水分影响波动大;7月下旬至9月上旬,叶丛增长呈下降趋势,根体增长速度超过叶丛增长速度,根叶比>1;9月上旬至10月上中旬,甜菜叶丛大量枯死,块根膨大增长趋于平缓,含糖率增长迅速。【结论】6月上旬至7月下旬为叶丛形成期,生长中心位于叶丛;7月下旬至9月上旬为块根糖分增长期,生长中心位于块根;9月上旬至10月上中旬为糖分积累期。

关键词: 甜菜; 营养生长; 块根膨大; 含糖率

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the change law of the vegetative growth period of sugar beet under drip irrigation in Xinjiang in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the growth control of sugar beet high-yield and high-quality production by investigating the sugar accumulation process during the vegetative growth period of sugar beet and the rule of tuber swelling formation.【Method】 After thinning, the number of green leaves, dead leaves, leaf height, tuber diameter and circumference of 5 sugar beets were measured at fixed points in the field every 5 days, and the whole plant was excavated without lack of seedlings.5 plants were measured for leaf weight, stem and leaf length.For indicators such as fresh root weight and hammerness, the leaf clusters and root dry matter were measured every 15 days, and the growth of the above-ground part of the plant and the change of the underground part were analyzed.【Results】 From early June to late July, leaf clumps grew rapidly, the root leaf ratio was less than 1,and the growth rate of leaf clumps was higher than that of roots, and the sugar content fluctuated greatly under the influence of water; from late July to early September, the growth of leaf clumps showed a downward trend, and the roots exceeded the growth rate of the leaf clumps, and the root leaf ratio was greater than 1; from early September to early mid-October, a large number of beet leaf clumps withered, the growth of tuber roots tended to be flat, and the sugar content increased rapidly.【Conclusion】 From early June to late July is the period of leaf cluster formation, and the growth center is located in the leaf cluster;The sugar content of root tuber increased from late July to early September, and the growth center was located in root tuber; The sugar accumulation period is from early September to early October.

Key words: sugar beet; vegetative growth; tuber swelling; sugar content

中图分类号:

S566.3

孙琳琳, 胡华兵, 刘建雄, 袁团团, 郇町, 丁兆斐, 刘珣, 刘长兵. 甜菜营养生长期糖分积累及块根膨大规律[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(10): 2431-2437.

SUN Linlin, HU Huabing, LIU Jianxiong, YUAN Tuantuan, HUAN Ting, DING Zhaofei, LIU Xun, LIU Changbing. Study on the Law of Nutritional Growth Period and Root Tuber Expansion of Sugar Beet in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(10): 2431-2437.

图/表 7

图1 甜菜叶片数量增长动态

Fig.1 The dynamic graph of the number of beet leaves growth

图2 甜菜叶丛高度与地上部长度增长动态

Fig.2 Growth dynamics of beet leaf cluster height and aboveground length

图3 定点甜菜块根直径与周长增长动态

Fig.3 Dynamic graph of growth of tuber diameter and circumference of spot beet

图4 周长与直径的线性关系

Fig.4 The linear relationship between circumference and diameter

图5 甜菜叶丛与根体鲜重增长动态

Fig.5 The dynamic graph of the fresh weight growth of beet leaf clusters and roots

图6 甜菜叶丛和根体干重增长动态

Fig.6 The dynamic graph of the growth of beet leaf cluster and root dry weight

图7 甜菜锤度变化动态

Fig.7 graph showing dynamic changes beet Brix

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