残膜回收机自动仿形系统及关键部件的运动分析与试验

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.028

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (11): 2842-2852.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.028

• 农业装备工程与机械化·草业 • 上一篇下一篇

残膜回收机自动仿形系统及关键部件的运动分析与试验

王金武¹(), 王钊英²(), 于万里³, 蒋永新⁴(), 杨会民⁴, 张佳喜¹

1.新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院,乌鲁木齐 8300091
3.新疆维吾尔自治区农业农村厅,乌鲁木齐 830001
4.新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所/农业农村部林果棉装备科学观测实验站,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2023-03-11 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-12-07
通信作者: 蒋永新(1975-),男,江苏丰县人,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为农业机械化装备,(E-mail) 10661713@qq.com;王钊英(1975-),男,江苏泰兴人,副研究员,研究方向为农业机械化设备,(E-mail)356728795@qq.com
作者简介:王金武(1996-),男,河南南阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业机械化与装备工程,(E-mail)571386067@qq.com
基金资助:
四川省区域创新合作项目“新疆棉田残膜智能化高效回收关键技术研究与装备示范”(2021YFQ0018);新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目“新疆棉田残膜智能化高效回收关键技术与装备研究”(2020E0252);教育部第二批新工科研究与实践项目“新工科教育体系下农业工程类专业人才培养质量提升路径探索与实践”(E-SPNL20202326, 地方高校组);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项“棉花高性能地膜及高效回收技术研究与示范”(xjkcpy-2021003)

Motion analysis and experimental study of automatic copying system and key components of residual film recovery machine

WANG Jinwu¹(), WANG Zhaoying²(), YU Wanli³, JIANG Yongxin⁴(), YANG Huimin⁴, ZHANG Jiaxi¹

1. Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College of Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Agriculture and Rural Affairs Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China
4. Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Forest Fruit, Cotton and Facility Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2023-03-11 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-12-07
Correspondence author: JIANG Yongxin (1975-), male, Jiangsu Province, researcher, research direction: agricultrual mechanization technology and equipment research, (E-mail)10661713@qq.com;WANG Zhaoying(1975-),male,The Native Place is Jiangsu Taixing,As sociate researcher,Research area is the equipment of agricultural mechanization,(E-mail)356728795@qq.com
Supported by:
The Regional Innovation Cooperation Project of Sichuan Province"Key Technology Research and Equipment Demonstration of Intelligent and Efficient Recovery of Cotton Residue Film in Xinjiang"(2021YFQ0018);Key Technology and Equipment Research of Intelligent and Efficient Recovery of Cotton Residue Film in Xinjiang(2020E0252);The Second Batch of New Engineering Research and Practice project of The Ministry of Education "Exploration and Practice of Improving the Cultivation Quality of Agricultural Engineering Talents under the New Engineering Education System"(E-SPNL20202326;Local Universities Group);The Key Science and Technology Innovation Incubation Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences "Research and Demonstration of Cotton High-performance Mulching Film and Efficient Recovery Technology"(xjkcpy-2021003)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 针对4JSM型残膜回收机面对复杂地形,尤其是面对松软地形、凹凸不平地形时无仿形功能的问题,设计一套机-电-液结合的自动仿形系统,并对其关键部件具体分析并进行田间试验,为仿形系统性能的提升提供一定的参考。【方法】 介绍4JSM-2.1A残膜回收装置的结构和工作原理,阐述自动仿形系统的主要结构和工作原理,分析关键部件仿形地轮的上、下仿形运动方式,研究仿形地轮在工作时会弹跳现象,通过增加弹簧劲度系数和降低机具行进速度改善此现象。以弹簧的劲度系数、机具的行进速度和地面起伏高度差为试验影响因素,以入土深度合格率为试验指标,进行三因素三水平二次正交旋转试验。【结果】 影响试验指标的强弱顺序分别是地面起伏高度差、弹簧的劲度系数、机具的行进速度,最优参数组合为地面高度起伏差20 mm、弹簧的劲度系数0.38 N/mm和机具的行进速度6 km/h。【结论】 在此参数组合下,入土深度合格率可达94.05%,优于标准值,此自动仿形系统仿形效果良好。

关键词: 仿形; 入土深度; 弹跳; 正交旋转试验

Abstract:

【Objective】 In view of 4 type JMS residual film recycling machine in the face of complex topography, especially in the face of soft terrain, uneven terrain without copying function problem, this project aims to design a set of machine-electricity-fluid combined with automatic profiling system, that is the key part for further analysis and field experiment, for the ascension of the performance of the system in the hope of providing certain reference.【Methods】 In this paper, the structure and working principle of 4JSM-2.1A residual film recovery device were briefly introduced, and the main structure and working principle of the automatic copying system were described. The upper and lower copying movement of the key components of the copying ground wheel was deeply analyzed, and after that, it was found that the copying ground wheel would bounce when working. This phenomenon could be improved by increasing the spring stiffness coefficient and reducing the speed of the machine. Taking the stiffness coefficient of spring, the speed of machine and tools and the difference of ground fluctuation height as the influencing factors, and the qualified rate of soil depth as the experimental index, the orthogonal rotation test with three factors and three levels was carried out.【Results】 The field test results showed that the order of influencing test indexes was ground height difference, spring stiffness coefficient and machine speed, respectively. Finally, through optimization, the optimal parameter combination was obtained as ground height difference of 20 mm, spring stiffness coefficient of 0.591 N/mm and machine speed of 6 km/h.【Conclusion】 Under this parameter combination, the qualified rate of penetration depth can reach 93.47%, which is better than the standard value, indicating that the automatic profiling system has a good profiling effect.

Key words: copying; the depth of the grave; bounce; orthogonal rotation test

中图分类号:

S223.75

王金武, 王钊英, 于万里, 蒋永新, 杨会民, 张佳喜. 残膜回收机自动仿形系统及关键部件的运动分析与试验[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(11): 2842-2852.

WANG Jinwu, WANG Zhaoying, YU Wanli, JIANG Yongxin, YANG Huimin, ZHANG Jiaxi. Motion analysis and experimental study of automatic copying system and key components of residual film recovery machine[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(11): 2842-2852.

图/表 13

图1 4JSM-2.1A型联合作业机残膜回收装置结构示意注:1.主牵引架;2.主传动系统;3.粉碎刀辊;4.边膜铲;5.行走举升系统;6.松土齿;7.挑膜滚筒;8.液压油缸;9.送膜轮装置;10.集膜箱;11.抛送通道.

Fig.1 Structure diagram of residual film recovery device of 4JSM-2.1a type combined operation machine Note:1.The main towing;2.Main drive system;3.Crushing knife roller;4.Edge membrane shovel;5.Walking lifting system;6.Scarification teeth;7.Pick film roller;8.The hydraulic oil cylinder;9.Film feeding wheel device;10.Set of membrane tank;11.Toss the channel

表1 主要技术指标

Tab.1 Main technical indicators

项目 Item	设计值 Design value	单位 Unit
牵引方式 Drawing method	牵引式
外形尺寸 Overall dimensions	4 890×2 800×2 310	(mm×mm×mm)
作业宽幅 Homework wide	1 800~2 280	mm
配套动力 Power	73.5~99	kW
作业速度 Operating speed	≥5.5	km/h
残膜拾净率 Residual film clean rate	≥85	%

图2 地面仿形传感机构的结构示意注:1.安装架;2.弹簧;3.弹簧导杆;4.角度传感器;5.轴承;6.连接杆;7.仿形架;8.六角螺栓;9.仿形地轮

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the ground copying sensing mechanism Note:1.Mounting bracket;2.Spring;3.Spring tube;4.Angle sensor;5.Bearing;6.Connecting rod;7.Copying frame;8.Hex bolt;9.Copying wheel

图3 电控系统组成

Fig 3 Block diagram of electronic control system

图4 电控系统组成

Fig.4 Block diagram of electronic control system

图5 仿形地轮下仿形运动模型

Fig.5 Profile motion model diagram under profile ground wheel

图6 仿形地轮上仿形运动模型

Fig.6 Copying motion model diagram on copying ground wheel

图7 仿形地轮经过凹陷地面时的运动简图

Fig.7 Motion diagram of copying ground wheel passing through the sunken ground

图8 弹簧在平整地面上的受力简图

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of spring force on flat ground

表2 试验因素编码

Tab.2 Coding of test factors

编码 Coding	因素Factors
编码 Coding	弹簧劲度系数 Spring stiffness coefficient (N/mm)	机具前进速度 Forward speed of machinery and tools (km/h)	地面起伏高度差 height difference of ground relief (mm)
-1	0.2	6	20
0	0.38	6.5	40
1	0.56	7	60

表3 试验结果

Tab.3 Test results

试验编号 Test number	因素 Factors			入土深度合格率 Qualified rate of soil depth(%)
试验编号 Test number	A	B	C	入土深度合格率 Qualified rate of soil depth(%)
1	-1	-1	0	87.1
2	1	-1	0	91.5
3	-1	1	0	86.5
4	1	1	0	88.6
5	-1	0	-1	87.1
6	1	0	-1	92.6
7	-1	0	1	85.1
8	1	0	1	87.9
9	0	-1	-1	93.8
10	0	1	-1	92.8
11	0	-1	1	91.2
12	0	1	1	89.7
13	0	0	0	92.1
14	0	0	0	90.9
15	0	0	0	91.2
16	0	0	0	91.5
17	0	0	0	91.4

表4 试验方差

Tab.4 Analysis of variance

变异来源 Sources of variation	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degrees of freedom	均方 The mean square	F	P
模型Model	101.64	9	11.29	54.78	<0.000 1
A	27.38	1	27.38	132.82	<0.000 1
B	4.5	1	4.5	21.83	0.001 9
C	19.22	1	19.22	93.24	<0.000 1
AB	1.32	1	1.32	6.42	0.039 1
AC	1.82	1	1.82	8.84	0.020 7
BC	0.062 5	1	0.062 5	0.303 2	0.599 0
A²	47.18	1	47.18	228.88	<0.000 1
B²	0.523 2	1	0.523 2	2.54	0.155 2
C²	0.044 2	1	0.044 2	0.214 6	0.657 2
残差Residual	1.44	7	0.206 1
失拟Loss of quasi	0.655	3	0.218 3	1.11	0.443 7
误差Error	0.788	4	0.197
总和The sum of the	103.08	16

图9 因素交互作用对入土深度合格率影响的响应曲面

Fig.9 Response surface of the influence of the interaction of factors on the qualified rate of soil depth

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残膜回收机自动仿形系统及关键部件的运动分析与试验

Motion analysis and experimental study of automatic copying system and key components of residual film recovery machine

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