不同粒重大豆籽粒蛋白质、脂肪及可溶性糖积累动态

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.007

新疆农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (1): 56-64.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.007

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

不同粒重大豆籽粒蛋白质、脂肪及可溶性糖积累动态

王春雨^1,2, 李彦生², 刘长锴², 张秋英^2,3, 金剑², 刘居东², 刘晓冰^1,2

1.东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨 150030;
2.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态重点实验室,哈尔滨 150081;
3.中国科学院种子设计创新研究院,北京 100101

收稿日期:2019-01-09 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2021-01-20
通信作者: 刘晓冰(1963-),男,研究员,博士,研究方向为作物生理生态,(E-mail) liuxb@iga.ac.cn
作者简介:王春雨(1994-),男,黑龙江双鸭山人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物生理生态,(E-mail) 568336060@qq.com
基金资助:
中国科学院STS计划“特用专用大豆品种培育与示范推广”

Seed Protein, Oil and Free Soluble Sugar Accumulation during Seed Fillingin Soybean Cultivars with Different Seed Size

WANG Chunyu^1,2, LI Yansheng², LIU Changkai², ZHANG Qiuying^2,3, JIN Jian², LIU Judong², LIU Xiaobing^1,2

1. College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
2. Key Laboratory of MollisolsAgroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China;
3. Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101

Received:2019-01-09 Online:2021-01-20 Published:2021-01-20
Correspondence author: LIU Xiaobing (1963-), male, Professor, focusing on the crop physiology and ecology research, (E-mail)liuxb@iga.ac.cn
Supported by:
Science and Technology Service Network Initiative, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究粒重不同大豆籽粒蛋白质、脂肪和可溶性糖在籽粒灌浆过程中积累动态差异及生理机制,为不同用途大豆的栽培和选育提供理论依据。【方法】 选取百粒重分别为7.13、20.21和30.54 g左右的小粒大豆、普通大豆和大粒大豆为材料,测定关键生育期叶片光合速率,分析3种大豆籽粒形成过程中干物质重、蛋白质、脂肪和可溶性糖浓度变化以及相互关系。【结果】 小粒大豆叶片光合高峰持续期短,且高峰期比普通大豆和大粒大豆提前10 d。鼓粒前期(0~20 d)小粒大豆籽粒所积累干物质达到最终干物质重的82%,而普通大豆和大粒大豆分别为49%和66%;整个鼓粒期,大粒大豆籽粒中可溶性糖含量显著高于普通大豆和小粒大豆,普通大豆籽粒中蛋白质浓度显著低于小粒大豆和大粒大豆;籽粒发育前期,小粒大豆和大粒大豆的脂肪积累速率明显高于普通大豆。鼓粒前期,3种大豆籽粒干物质重与可溶性糖呈正相关,后期呈显著负相关;普通大豆和大粒大豆脂肪浓度与干物质重呈显著正相关,大粒大豆脂肪浓度与可溶性糖和蛋白质浓度均呈显著负相关,小粒大豆的蛋白质、脂肪和可溶性糖浓度相关性不显著。【结论】 粒重不同大豆籽粒蛋白质、脂肪和可溶性糖含量差异明显;鼓粒前期是小粒大豆籽粒干物质积累的快速期和关键期,对籽粒的物质积累至关重要,而鼓粒后期对普通大豆和大粒大豆的物质积累同样重要。

关键词: 菜用大豆; 芽用大豆; 蛋白质; 脂肪; 籽粒形成

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to (1) examine the differences in the accumulation of protein, oil and free soluble sugar in different seed size soybean cultivars during seed filling stage and (2) evaluate relevant physiological mechanism. The outcomes of this study will provide a scientific basis for better cultivation and cultivar breeding for soybean withdifferent commercial purposes.【Methods】 Three soybean cultivars, small-seedsoybean (7.13 g/100-seed), normal-seed soybean (20.21 g/100-seed) and big-seed soybean (30.54 g/100-seed), were planted in field condition. We examined leaf photosynthetic ratesduring thekey growth stage, quantified seed protein, oil, free soluble sugar concentration and dry matter weight during seed filling and evaluated their relationships.【Results】 Relatively shorter peak period of photosynthetic rate was found in small-seed soybean and its maximum photosynthetic rate was 10 d earlier than that of normal-seed and big-seed soybean. The accumulated ratio of dry matterwas significantly different among soybean cultivars during the initial 0-20 d seed filling period. The accumulated dry matterin this stage accounted for 82% of final seed weight in small-seed soybean, whereas it was 49% and 66%, respectively, in normal-seed soybean and big-seed soybean. The seed free soluble sugar concentration in big-seed soybean was significantly higher than that of small-seed soybean and normal-seed soybean, whereas the seed protein concentration in normal-seed soybean was significantly higher than that of small-seed soybean and big-seed soybean during the whole seed filling stage. The accumulation ratios of oil in small-seed and big-seed soybean were higher than that of normal seed soybean in the early seed filling stage (0-20 d). The correlation between seed dry matter and seed free soluble sugar concentration was significantly positive during the early seed filling stage, but significantly negative during the late seed filling stage in soybeans. The seed oil concentration was positively correlated with seed dry matter mass in normal-seed and big-seed soybean, but negatively correlated with seed protein concentration and free soluble sugar concentration in big-seed soybean during the late seed filling stage. No significant relationships were found among seed protein, oil and free soluble sugar concentration in small-seed soybean at the same stage.【Conclusion】 Significant differences existed for seed protein, oil and free soluble sugar concentrations in soybeans with different seed size. The early seed filling stage (0-20 d) is the key and fast period for dry matter accumulation, which is more critical for the total matter accumulation in small-seed soybean. Whereas the late seed filling stage (30-50 d) is as important as early-seed filling stage in normal-seed and big-seed soybean for total matter accumulation.

Key words: protein; oil; vegetable soybean; sprout soybean; seed development

中图分类号:

S565.1

王春雨, 李彦生, 刘长锴, 张秋英, 金剑, 刘居东, 刘晓冰. 不同粒重大豆籽粒蛋白质、脂肪及可溶性糖积累动态[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(1): 56-64.

WANG Chunyu, LI Yansheng, LIU Changkai, ZHANG Qiuying, JIN Jian, LIU Judong, LIU Xiaobing. Seed Protein, Oil and Free Soluble Sugar Accumulation during Seed Fillingin Soybean Cultivars with Different Seed Size[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(1): 56-64.

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不同粒重大豆籽粒蛋白质、脂肪及可溶性糖积累动态

Seed Protein, Oil and Free Soluble Sugar Accumulation during Seed Fillingin Soybean Cultivars with Different Seed Size

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