高强度采伐对天山云杉更新群落物种组成的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.07.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析高强度采伐后群落物种组成与不同采伐等级和采伐时期下,天山云杉更新群落主要植物种重要值变化特征,研究物种组成角度解释更新群落的变化规律,为天山云杉更新群落物种组成与天保工程实施和伐后森林恢复评价提供科学依据。【方法】采用重要值定量分析法,分析天山云杉更新群落乔木层、灌木层和草本层主要植物种在不同高强度采伐等级和采伐时期下的动态变化。【结果】高强度采伐后更新群落中共有植物33科61属67种,双子叶植物占决定性优势。乔木层发达,灌木植物发育不良,草本种类繁多且数量庞大,其中菊科种类最多,伴随出现一定数量特征鲜明的单科单属、单属单种植物种类。干扰强度增加,天山云杉(Picea Schrenkiana)重要值小程度降低,天山桦(Betula tianschanica)相对优势度和重要值呈先上升后小幅度下降趋势。采伐发生时间越远,更新天山云杉重要值和相对优势度减小,天山桦相反。物种丰富度在小灌木和草本层随采伐强度变化不明显,优势种是林下植物高山羊角芹(Aegopodium alpestre)。在采伐＞40年时物种丰富度最小,森林更新修复后物种丰富度增大,近20 a来天保工程禁伐措施的实施使得植物群落竞争加剧,弱势种减少,林下物种丰富度小程度减少。【结论】人为干扰强度增加和采伐发生时间离现在越远,乔木层天山云杉重要值小程度降低,天山桦的重要值和相对优势度增加;灌木、草本层物种丰富度随采伐强度变化的差异不明显。

关键词: 天山云杉; 高强度采伐; 更新群落; 物种组成; 重要值

Abstract: 【Objective】 By analyzing the species composition of the community after high-intensity cutting and the variation characteristics of the important values of the main plant species in the regeneration community of Picea Schrenkiana under different cutting grades and cutting periods, the variation law of the regeneration community was explained from the point of view of the species composition. The aim of this paper is to provide scientific basis for species composition of regeneration community, implementation of natural conservation project and forest restoration evaluation after cutting in Picea Schrenkiana.【Method】The dynamic changes of the main plant species in arbor layer, shrub layer and herbaceous layer of Picea Schrenkiana regeneration community were studied by quantitative analysis of important values under different intensity cutting grades and cutting periods.【Result】There were 67 species of plants belonging to 61 genera and 33 families in the regeneration community after high-intensity cutting. Dicotyledonous plants played a decisive role. Arbor layer was well developed, shrub plant was not well developed, herbaceous species were numerous and large, among them, Asteraceae species were the most, accompanied by a certain number of distinct characteristics of single family, single genus, single plant species. The relative dominance and important value of Betula tianschanica increased firstly and then decreased slightly when the interference intensity increased. The longer the cutting time was, the less important value and relative dominance of regeneration Picea Schrenkiana would be. Betula tianschanica was the opposite. Species richness did not change significantly with cutting intensity in subshrubs and herbaceous layers, and the dominant species was Aegopodium alpestre. The species richness was the smallest after cutting > 40 years, and the species richness increased after forest regeneration and restoration. In the last 20 years, the forest community competition was intensified, the weak species decreased, and the undergrowth species richness decreased.【Conclusion】The longer the intensity of active jamming and the time of cutting from now, the smaller the important value of Picea Schrenkiana in arbor layer is reduced, the more important value and relative dominance of Betula tianschanica are increased; there is no significant difference between species richness and cutting intensity in subshrubs and herbaceous layer.

Key words: Picea Schrenkiana; high-intensity cutting; regeneration community; species composition; importance value

中图分类号:

S719

禹思慧, 王振锡, 王雅佩, 刘梦婷, 李擎. 高强度采伐对天山云杉更新群落物种组成的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(7): 1274-1285.

YU Si-hui, WANG Zhen-xi, WANG Ya-pei, LIU Meng-tin, LI Qing. Effects of High Intensity Cutting on Species Composition of Picea Schrenkiana.var tianshanica Regeneration Community[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(7): 1274-1285.

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