Archive

20 January 2018, Volume 55 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

---

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of 5'UTR Intron of GhFAD2-1 Gene from Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SUN Liang, WEN Feng, LIU Feng, ZHANG Xin-yu, SUN Jie 2018, 55(1): 1-8.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (2046KB) ( )   【Objective】 Cloning and sequence analysis of the 5'UTR intron of the delta 12- oleic acid desaturase gene GhFAD2-1 would lay the foundation for the study of the expression and regulation of GhFAD2-1 . 【Method】 In this study, the 5'UTR sequence of GhFAD2-1 was cloned by 5'RACE technology. And then, 5'UTR intron of GhFAD2-1 was cloned in combination with the cotton genome sequence. Cis elements were also analyzed by PLACE and other bioinformatics software.【Result】 The GhFAD2-1 5'UTR sequence 77 bp was obtained from Gossypium hirsutum using 5'RACE technique. The result showed that the transcription start site is T based on a combination of 5'UTR and genome sequence analysis. GhFAD2-1 5'UTR contained a full-length 1,103 bp intron sequence in the A genome of cotton. The full-length sequence of GhFAD2-1 5'UTR intron was 1,111 bp in D genome. The cleavage sites of 5' UTR intron were AA-GG, CA-GC, respectively. Cis element analysis showed that the intron included some typical function and optical response related elements and elements related to hormone regulation or stress response.【Conclusion】 5'UTR intron sequences of GhFAD2-1 gene were cloned from the A and D genome, respectively. The transcription start site and the cleavage sites of 5' UTR intron were also identified. The results have laid a foundation to further study expression and regulation of GhFAD2-1 at the molecular level.

Select

Establishment and Spatiotemporal Dynamic Analysis of Rhizosphere Bacteria of Cotton in Xingjiang using Real-time Fluorescent TaqMan-quantitative PCR ZHANG Tao, LI Xue-yan, YANG Hong-mei, CHU Min, GAO Yan, ZENG Jun, HUO Xiang-dong, ZHANG Tao, LIN Qing, Mahemuti Outikuer, LI YU-guo, LOU Kai, SHI Ying-wu 2018, 55(1): 9-15.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1328KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to determine the total amount of rhizosphere bacteria of cotton during different growth periods and study the spatiotemporal dynamics, a rapid real-time fluorescent TaqMan-quantitative PCR technique was established.【Method】 A set of primers and TaqMan probe specific for rhizosphere bacteria of cotton were designed according to the conserved region of 16S rDNA gene, and the recombinant plasmid were constructed as a standard curve, and practical soil samples were detected using the technique.【Result】 The number of rhizosphere bacteria in the rhizosphere of Xinjiang cotton varied in different growth periods. The number of inter - rhizosphere bacteria in Korla , Alaer and Hami were the same between the seedling stage and the flowering period, while there was a difference between flower stage and boll opening stage; The trend of rhizosphere bacteria in the whole growth period of cotton in Shihezi, Wusu and Tumu Shuker were basically the same; The rhizosphere bacteria began to increase slowly from seedling stage in Jinghe, and there was little change between bud stage and flower stage, but it increased rapidly from boll opening stage. The number of total rhizosphere bacteria of cotton showed different trends in different sampling sites of cotton in Xinjiang. The spatial variation trend of number of rhizosphere bacteria was decreasing in the Eastern, Southern, Northern Xinjiang. Among them, the largest number of rhizosphere bacteria was in Hami in Eastern Xingjiang, and reached 1.7×107 copies/g (FRW) in boll opening stage, the least was only 8.5×104 copies/g(FRW) in seedling stage in Jinghe in northern Xingjiang.【Conclusion】 The method of real-time fluorescent TaqMan-quantitative PCR can be used to rapidly detect the number of total rhizosphere bacteria of cotton, and when using this method we find that the number of total rhizosphere bacteria showed different trends in different growth periods and sampling sites of cotton in Xinjiang. The largest number of rhizosphere bacteria was found in Hami in boll opening stage, the least was detected in seedling stage in Jinghe County.

Select

Screening and Identification of Cellulolytic Strains from Cotton Straw and Its Effect on Degradation of Cotton Stalk SUN Mei-na, ZHANG Fan-fan, WANG Yong-qiang, WEI Xiao-yan, LU Jian-jiang 2018, 55(1): 16-23.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1863KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to screen and identify fungi which adhere on the surface of the cotton by using microbiology and molecular biology methods in order to obtain fungi with high cellulose decomposition ability.【Method】 The cotton straw was inoculated into different selective media, and the larger hydrolysis circle of strains was separated and selected. At the same time the strains' filter paper enzyme activity (FPA) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) saccharification vitality were determined, and besides, the weight loss rate of cotton stalk fiber was observed continuously for 25 days.【Result】 The diameter of the hydrolysis ring of the 4 main strains was SN-1 > SN-4 > SN-3 > SN-4 (P =0.013). In terms of CMC - Na saccharification vitality, SN - 1 was significantly lower than other three strains (P < 0.05) at 24-96 h, and there was no significant difference between different strains of treatments (P > 0.05) at 120 h. In terms of FPA activity, SN and SN 1-4 strains was significantly higher than SN - 2 and SN - 3 strains (P < 0.05) at 24 and 120 h, at other time points, the strains were sorted according to the activity level: SN-1, SN-4 > SN-3 > SN-2 (P < 0.05). There were 4 bacterial strains obtained by using the method of microscopic and molecular identification, SN - 1 was Aspergillus nige r, SN - 2 was Gibberella moniliformis , SN - 3 was Alternaria nees and SN - 4 was Penicillium italicum . 【Conclusion】 The effect of Aspergillus niger on the degradation of cotton straw was the most remarkable. The activity of CMC-Na saccharifying enzyme, the activity of filter paper enzyme and the actual weight loss rate (degradation rate) of cotton straw were the best when inoculated with Aspergillus niger or Penicillium italicum .

Select

Effects of Biocar Application on Nutrient and Cotton Growth in Gray Desert Soil HOU Yan-yan, ZHU Xin-ping, XU Wan-li, GU Mei-ying, LIAO Na, TANG Guang-mu, WANG Xu 2018, 55(1): 24-32.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1186KB) ( )   【Objective】 As a kind of organic matter rich in carbon, highly aromatic and stable, biochar serves as an important way to improve soil and maintain and improve soil fertility. 【Method】 In the study, the cotton stalk-char (BC) was carbonized by 1 hour at 450℃ as the test material and mixed with gray desert soil under different rates of addition levels ( 0, 1.5%, 3.0% and 6.0%) to research the effect on the growth of gray desert soil nutrients and cotton.【Result】 The results showed that the effect of adding cotton stalk on the whole nutrient was not obvious, but the contents of available N and available K in ash were increased by 31.27%-44.10% and 36.4%-98.5% (P < 0.05). Compared with NPK, the content of available potassium was increased by 29.4%-88.3%. CEC increased with the increase of the addition amount. The addition of cotton charcoal reduced the pH value of the soil, the decrease of 1.5 BC was more obvious and decreased by 0.13 unit; In addition, the addition of cotton stalks increased the yield of cotton significantly, which was 7.9%-21.3% higher than that of the CK, while that of NPK was 12.4% higher than that of the CK.【Conclusion】 The addition of cotton stalk charcoal increased the organic carbon storage and the cation exchange performance, soil fertility and improved the soil productivity in gray desert soil in Xinjiang.

Select

Effects of Phosphorus and Different Valence Selenium on the Absorption and Transport of Selenium in Wheat WANG Peng, HOU Zhen-an, YE Jun, ZHANG Dong, AN Jun-mei 2018, 55(1): 33-43.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1125KB) ( )   【Objective】 The project aims to study the absorption and translocation of exogenous selenium under different phosphorus levels in wheat, and to elucidate the effects of wheat on selenium absorption and translocation and to analyze the translocation and distribution of different selenium in wheat.【Method】 Pot experiments were conducted to study the uptake and translocation of selenium by selenate and selenite in wheat with phosphorus application. 【Result】 In the treatment of low amount of selenate, the utilization rate of selenium fertilizer in wheat treated with low phosphorus and high phosphorus was increased by 96% and 128% respectively compared with that of the treatment without phosphorus; In the treatment of high content of selenate, the utilization rate of selenium fertilizer in wheat with low phosphorus and high phosphorus treatment was increased by 78% and 123%, respectively compared with that of the treatment without phosphorus. In low amount of selenite and high Liangya selenate treatment, the wheat utilization rate of Se fertilizer of high phosphorus treatment was decreased by 50.7% and 55.6% compared with that of treatment without phosphorus. When applying selenate, the selenium contents in the roots, stems, leaves and panicles of high phosphorus treatment were increased by 23%, 17%, 64.6% and 62.1% compared with those of treatments without phosphorus; When applying selenite, the selenium contents in the roots, stems, leaves and panicles of high phosphorus treatment were decreased by 71.3%, 72.1% 80.6% and 73.8% compared with those of treatment without phosphorus. When applying selenate, wheat plant selenium enrichment coefficient of high selenium treatment increased by 28.9%, 60.6% and 50.5% respectively compared with those of treatments without selenium, with low selenium and with high selenium. When applying selenite, under the condition of low selenium and high selenium, wheat plant selenium enrichment coefficient of high phosphorus treatment decreased by 65.3% and 72.3% compared with that of the treatment without P fertilizer.【Conclusion】 Phosphorus can activate the stable selenium in soil, thus improving the bioavailability of selenate. The application of phosphorus reduces the pH value of the soil and promotes the transformation of soluble selenium and exchangeable selenium in soil into iron oxide state selenium and organic selenium. But the iron oxide selenium and organic selenium are difficult to be absorbed by crops, which reduce the absorption of selenite when phosphorus fertilizer is used together with selenite.

Select

Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on N Absorption, Translocation and Yield of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation CHEN Hui, HUANG Zheng-jiang, WANG Ji-chuan, PAN Xue-jiao, ZHANG Di, XU Ya-li 2018, 55(1): 44-56.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1232KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the mechanism of efficient use of nitrogen, the characteristics of N absorption and utilization of winter wheat in drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang were studied.【Method】 Xindong 22 was used as testing material, and split plot design was used where the main zone was fertigation treatments including N0(0 kg/hm2), N1(138 kg/hm2), N2(207 kg/hm2) and N3(276 kg/hm2); deputy district was drip irrigating treatments including W1(1,800 m3/hm2),W2(3,150 m3/hm2) and W3(4,500 m3/hm2) in spring based on the unified winter irrigation of 900 m3/hm2.【Result】 (1) Proper increase of water and nitrogen supply was beneficial to increase nitrogen accumulation in winter wheat, and nitrogen accumulation of N3W2, N3W3, N2W2 and N2W3 was significantly higher than that of other treatments. (2) The main period of nitrogen accumulation was before anthesis with 78.28% of the total accumulation. The jointing-flowering stage was the peak of nitrogen uptake rate, and with N3W2, N2W3 and N2W2 treatments reaching the highest of 6.38 kg/(hm2·d) , 5.81 kg/(hm2·d) and 5.01 kg/(hm2·d), respectively.(3) The amount of nitrogen translocation in each organ and its contribution rate to nitrogen accumulation of grain were leaf >stem + sheath > spike axis + glume. Nitrogen translocation amount in vegetative organs of N3W2 and N2W3 was significantly higher than that by other treatments, reaching 158.34 kg/hm2 and 147.49 kg/hm2, the grain protein content and protein yield of N3W2, N2W2 and N2W3 were significantly higher than those by other treatments, reaching 15.73%, 15.41% and 14.18%,1,475.94 kg/hm2, 1,256.97 kg/hm2 and 1,217.78 kg/hm2, respectively.(4) The yield components and water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation have significant coupling effects of water and nitrogen, the yields of N3W2, N2W3 and N2W2 were higher, and their agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were also the largest.【Conclusion】 207-276 kg/hm2 nitrogen rate and 3,150-4,500 m3/hm2 spring drip amount were the suitable supply range in this region. When the nitrogen amount was 275.08 kg/hm2, the drip irrigation was 4,457.89 m3/hm2 (including winter irrigation of 900 m3/hm2), the yield could reach the maximum of 8,558.73 kg/hm2.

Select

A Preliminary Report on Inducing Seedless 'Xinyu' Grape ZHAO Rong-hua, WANG Yong, BAI Shi-jian, HU Jin-ge, CHEN Guang, WANG Ai-ling, CAI Jun-she 2018, 55(1): 57-65.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1008KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of GA3 and SM on seedlessness and fruit quality of 'Xinyu'grape in the hope of providing reference for the production of seedlessness of 'Xinyu'grape.【Method】 The parthenocarpic ability of 'Xinyu' grape was investigated by emasculating treatment. The relationship between seedless rate and fruit quality of 'Xinyu' grape was analyzed by GA3 and SM treatment three days before anthesis and different hormone treatments in flowering stage. The seedless rate and fruit quality were determined.【Result】 'Xinyu'grape had the strongest parthenocarpic ability. Getting different degrees of seedless fruits by GA3 and SM treatment 3 days before the flowering and in full-bloom stage, obtained seedless fruit in varying degrees, but the fruit grain weight and fresh fruit hardness were smaller than those of the control (CK). The effect of seedlessness by GA3 and SM combined treatment was better than that by single hormone treatment, cluster seedless rate could reach more than 96%, and fruit quality was better. The stability of full flowering period was better than that of 3 days before anthesis. There was a significant negative correlation between the seedless rate of the spike and the average grain weight and the number of mature days (a=0.01), and there was a significant positive correlation (a=0.05) between the content of soluble solids (TSS). 【Conclusion】 'Xinyu' grape has the good potential for seedlessness cultivation. In a comprehensive comparison, using 25 mg/L GA3+100 mg/L SM treatment in full-bloom stage, higher seedless rate and better fruit quality can be obtained.

Select

Effects of Salt Stress on Polyamine and Hormone Metabolism in Grape Seedling Stage SUN Lin-lin, YU Song-lin, ZHAO Feng-yun, YANG Xiang, YANG Xi 2018, 55(1): 66-73.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1366KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the dynamic changes of polyamine content, polyamine oxidase, polyamine synthase activity and hormones in grape leaves under salt stress, and explore the effects of different salt stress intensity on the metabolism of polyamines and hormones.【Method】 The pot culture was used to simulate the salt stress environment, and 4 NaCl treatment gradients were set up: 0 g/kg (CK), 1 g/kg, 2 g/kg, 3 g/kg. Polyamine content and hormone content were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Polyamine synthesis and decomposition enzyme activity were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.【Result】 After salt stress treatment, polyamine content in grape leaves and abscisic acid content significantly increased compared with the control and zeatin content decreased significantly with the prolonging of stress time. Activities of Put, Spm, Spd, ABA, PAO, DAO, ADC, ODC, SAMDC increased first and then declined, reaching the peak in 10 days or after 10 days. ZT gradually decreased, and decreased with the increase of stress intensity. After significant analysis, leaf polyamine content and Put, Spm, Spd content were positively correlated. The activities of DAO, ADC, ODC were significantly correlated with Put content and the activity of SAMDC was positively correlated with the contents of Spm and PAO.【Conclusion】 Metabolism of three polyamines by enzymes and hormones can alleviate salt stress in grape seedling stage, during which the main action is the polyamine synthase. The relationship between the contents of polyamine and hormone under salt stress is also very close.

Select

Study on the Effect of Temperature on Drying Kinetics and Quality of Star Apricot by the Hot Air Drying GUO Li-min, XIAO Bo, MENG Yi-na, ZHANG Ping, HUO Jin-shuang 2018, 55(1): 74-81.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1288KB) ( )   【Objective】 Star apricot is the main dry apricot varieties in Xinjiang Heitian region. In order to optimize the mechanical drying process and operation by hot air and improve the quality of dried star apricots. 【Method】 Using the temperature as the main factor and the change of color, the comprehensive evaluation of sensory index as measurement indicators, the effect of different drying conditions on the drying kinetics by hot air and volatile flavor loss of star apricot was studied. Moreover, the optimum drying temperature of star apricot was proposed in this paper.【Result】 The results have shown that the Page model is suitable for describing the effect of temperature on the drying process of star apricot in the three most commonly used drying models. Hot air temperature is a significant impact on the drying efficiency (drying time). When the hot air temperature is increased from 40 ℃ to 70 ℃, the drying time is reduced from about 100 h to 30 h. In the actual production of dried apricots, under the premise of ensuring product quality, the temperature of hot air can be properly increased to shorten the drying time. In general, the higher the drying temperature, the more serious deterioration of quality indicators, especially indicators of the color and hardness. Therefore, in order to ensure quality, the drying process should try to reduce the drying temperature. 【Conclusion】 Considering the effect of temperature on drying time and each quality index, it is considered that the optimum temperature of star apricot drying is 50 ℃ within the upper and lower limits of drying temperature in this experiment.

Select

Drought Evaluation of Different Varieties of Flax YAN Wen-liang, GUO Dong-liang, ZHONG Li, YANG Liang-jie, JIANG Hai-xia, ZHANG YU, XIE Li-qiong 2018, 55(1): 82-94.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1403KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen the suitable PEG-6000 concentration to evaluate the drought resistance of flax, and explore the causes of drought resistance in flax seeds.【Method】 Different PEG-6000 concentrations (0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) were used to simulate the drought stress on germination stage in 15 flax seeds and seven indicators including germination energy, germination rate were measured. Membership function method was used to comprehensively analyze the correlation among the water absorption rate, thousand-grain weight and drought resistance of flax seeds.【Result】 Under 5% PEG-6000 stress, except Atalante, the germination rate of the remaining cultivars was higher than that of CK. All of the variation coefficients of 20% PEG-6000 concentration were the highest among the three indicators of germination rate, bud length and total length. Under different treatments, the water absorption rate of flax seeds in 48 hours was obviously negatively correlated with the drought resistance of flax.【Conclusion】 Low PEG-6000 concentration can promote the germination of flax seeds. 20% PEG-6000 concentration is the optimum concentration of flax drought resistance to evaluate the difference of varieties in flax. The water absorption rate of seeds is one of the factors affecting the drought resistance of flax.

Select

Resistance Identification of Different Muskmelon Varieties in Xinjiang to Orobanche aegyptiaca PENG Jin-feng,YAO Zhao-qun,BAO Ya-zhou,CAO Xiao-lei,CHEN Mei-xiu, CHEN Hong-jiao,ZHAO-Si-feng 2018, 55(1): 95-104.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1461KB) ( )   【Objective】 To identify the resistance level of Orobanche aegyptiaca on 31 varieties of muskmelon collected in Xinjiang and provide reference for planting arrangement of muskmelon variety and Orobanche aegyptiaca -resistant breeding.【Method】 Rhizotron, pot and field experiments were performed to evaluate resistance of 31 selected muskmelon varieties in Xinjiang to Orobanche aegyptiaca population.【Result】 The Jintianmi17, maintained a high level of resistance to Orobanche aegyptiaca . In rhizotron experiments, the notable developmental stagnated in species II parasitic state In pot and field experiment, Orobanche aegyptiaca parasitism rate on Jintianmi17 was 33.33% and 50.00%, and the degree of parasitism varied between 0.33 and 1.67, respectively. There were 4 melon cultivars such as Yazhoumi17 in the second category, which had a tolerance to Orobanche aegyptiaca . In rhizotron experiments, the notable developmental stagnated in species III parasitic state. In pot experiment, the parasitism rate of Orobanche aegyptiaca in these four varieties was 71.43%-75.00%, and the parasitic degree varied between 1.29-4.25. The other 26 muskmelon varieties were sensitive to the broomrape. In rhizotron experiments, they did not inhibit the normal growth of broomrape. In pot and field experiment, the highest Orobanche aegyptiaca parasitism rate in 26 muskmelon varieties were 100%, and the highest parasitic degrees were between 13.00 and 17.50 respectively.【Conclusion】 Among the 31 muskmelon varieties, 1 belongs to Orobanche aegyptiaca resistance variety, 4 belong to tolerance varieties and the other 26 are sensitive varieties to Orobanche aegyptiaca . In general, sensitive varieties of muskmelon are much more than resistance varieties. This is one of the main reasons why Orobanche aegyptiaca can cause serious damage in muskmelons in Xinjiang producing area.

Select

Effects of Different Cold-proof Measures on Winter Protection of Sweet Cherry WANG Xiu-mei, ZHANG Yun, ZHU Tian-tian, LIU Kang 2018, 55(1): 105-115.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1099KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to analyze the effects of different cold-proof measures on physiological indexes of sweet cherry and its overwintering protection effect.【Method】 Four cold resistance indexes, such as relative conductivity and malondialdehyde, were determined by using young sweet cherry trees of two years old as experimental materials, and the logistic equation was used to calculate LT50 and the recovery rate was used to evaluate the sweet cherry overwintering effect and the pros and cons of the protective effects.【Result】 Relative conductivity and malondialdehyde contents were negatively correlated with overwintering,soluble sugar and proline content were positively correlated with overwintering, the cumulative contribution rate of the cold physiological index combined with the recovery rate was 78.959%. Under the cold-proof measures, earthed up + straw screen treatment and earthed up treatment, sweet cherry's critical low tolerance temperature was -23.20℃ and -22.34 ℃, respectively, 6 ℃ lower than that of the CK. The recovery rate of the two treatments was about 80%, which was higher than that of other treatments. The recovery rate of the two treatments was about 80% respectively higher than that of other treatments, while the recovery rate of CK treatment was only 43.89% after overwintering.【Conclusion】 Five indexes, such as restoring growth rate, can be used as the basis for evaluating the effect of sweet cherry overwintering under different cold control measures. The protective effects can be divided into three categories, among which, earthed up + straw screen treatment or earthed up treatment was better, straw screen and earthed up + felt pad treatment was just so-so, the worst was felt pad treatment and others.

Select

The Separation and Identification of the Pathogenic Bacteria of Korla Pear Calyx End Black Spot Disease in Different Growing Areas WU Yu-peng, ZHAO Xiao-mei 2018, 55(1): 116-122.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (2263KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore whether the black spot of Korla pear in Aksu and Bazhou were caused by the same pathogenic bacteria,which might lay a foundation for the prevention and control of this disease in the future. The article used the calyx end black spot Korla pear in the Aksu Area area of aksu and bazhou Bazhou Area as testing material to separate and purify pathogenic bacteria from the diseased fruit to study the pathogenic types of black spot of calyx.【Method】 The mycelium was cultured with the method of underlined culture for morphological identification and biological identification of calyx end black spot disease was carried out through genomic DNA extraction, PCR amplification of 18S conserved sequence and 3,730 sequencing. 【Result】 Which was determined whether was a single fungus or mixed bacteria, and to makeidentified as morphological and molecular biological identification of the dominant or a dominant pathogenic microflora in terms of morphology and molecular biology. This result provided the theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the disease. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that the pathogenic bacteria of Korla pear calyx end black spot disease in the two growth areas of were monobacteria and were consistent with Alternaria alternate(Fr.)Keissl.

Select

Spatial-temporal Variations of Temperature and Precipitation in Xinjiang from 1961 to 2013 KANG Li-juan, Batur Bake, LUO Na-na, XUE Ya-rong, WANG Meng-hui 2018, 55(1): 123-133.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (2397KB) ( )   【Objective】 Based on the daily mean temperature and daily precipitation data collected frp, 65 meteorological stations in Xinjiang during 1961-2013, the temporal and spatial variations of temperature and precipitation in Xinjiang in recent 53 years were analyzed.【Method】 The linear tendency rate method was used to analyze the increase and decrease trend of temperature and precipitation in the time series in Xinjiang for the past half century and the cumulative anomaly method and Mann-Kendall mutation test method were used to compare and analyze the abrupt changes of average annual moderate precipitation in Xinjiang. Also, the inverse distance weighted interpolation method was applied to interpolate the climatic tendency rate of each station in Xinjiang.【Result】 The results showed that the average annual temperature and precipitation in this region displayed a significant upward trend, the climatic tendency rate respectively was 0.324℃/10 a(P＜0.01)and 16.238 mm/10 a(P＜0.01), and the abrupt change occurred in 1993 and 1983 respectively. In addition, all of the seasonal temperatures and precipitation showed increasing trends, the increase of temperature in winter time was highest(0.39 ℃/10 a), and the increase of precipitation in summer was highest(4.799 mm/10 a). The decade change of annual and seasonal mean temperature and precipitation also showed spatially increasing trends. In the spatial variation, the eastern Xinjiang and the western and northern parts of the northern Xinjiang were significantly warmer, and the precipitation was increased in northern Xinjiang, Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture, the western of Kashgar Prefecture and the eastern Hotan Prefecture in southern Xinjiang.【Conclusion】 The temperature and precipitation in Xinjiang has been increasing in both time and space, showing a warm and humid phenomenon.

Select

The Evaluation of Main Agronomic Traits of Wild Pleurotus eryngii Strains in Xinjiang JIA Pei-song, LUO Ying, JIA Wen-jie, Nurziya Yarmamat, LI Ya-ya, WANG Zhen-jin, HAO Jing-zhe, WEI Peng 2018, 55(1): 134-142.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1494KB) ( )   【Objective】 The project aims to evaluate the main agronomic traits of wild P. eryngii strains in the hope of providing basic material and technical support for the breeding of P. eryngii varieties.【Method】 The main agronomic traits and their correlation of P. eryngii strains were tested and analyzed through cultivation test of P. eryngii.【Result】 There were 16 P. eryngii strains capable of forming normally fruit bodies, accounting for 59.26% of the total, and the palm fruiting body was the main type. The difference in biological efficiency between P. eryngii strains was very significant, between 11.50%-55.99%. The biological efficiency of the control strain Pl.x0002 was 38.83%, and the biological efficiency of Pl.x0047 (55.99%) was significantly higher than that of Pl.x0002, showing a very significant difference. The biological efficiency of 5 strains was the same as that of Pl.x0002, which were Pl.x0009, Pl.x0028, Pl.x0052, Pl.x0061 and Pl.x0083, respectively. The correlation between single fruit body weight and the pileus thickness and stipe diameter of P. eryngii was very obvious. 【Conclusion】 The agronomic traits of Pl.x0047, compared with the control strain, were very good and had good breeding potential. The yield of Pl.x0009, Pl.x0028, Pl.x0052, Pl.x0061 and Pl.x0083 was similar to that of the control strain, which can be used as the basic material for further artificial breeding.

Select

Optimization of Fermentation Medium Components for Dihydrodaidzein Producing Strain Using RSM XIE Jing-long, LI Xiao-bin, ZHAO Fang, WANG Chen-chen, YANG Kai-lun 2018, 55(1): 143-155.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (3227KB) ( )   【Objective】 he aim of this experiment is to optimize the main nutrient components of the fermentation medium of dihydrodaidzein producing strain by single factor test design and response surface methodology.【Method】 On the basic of BHI medium, the main factors (carbon source, nitrogen source, growth factor and inorganic salt) and the appropriate range of concentration were determined by single factor test. The best composition in the medium was analyzed by the Box-Behnken central composite experiment and response surface methodology.【Result】 The significant factors such as glucose, peptone,VB1 and KH2PO4 were determined by the single factor experiment and response surface methodology analysis was determined that the supplemental doses to the strain medium were 10.22 g/L glucose, 6.00 g/L peptone, 0.49 g/L VB1 and 0.82 g/L KH2PO4 on the basic of BHI medium. Validation experiments showed that the DHD concentration was 0.27 μg/mL, which was close to the predictive value 0.28 μg/mL.【Conclusion】 The results from the single factor experiment and response surface methodology showed that the optimal ingredients of medium for DHD production were 38 g/L BHI,10.22 g/L glucose,6.00 g/L peptone,0.49 g/L VB1 and 0.82 g/L KH2PO4.

Select

Effects of Slope Aspect on the Vegetation Diversity of Mountain Steppe in the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang WANG Yu, AN Sha-zhou, DONG Yi-qiang, ZHENG Feng-ling, HOU Yu-rong, ZHANG Hui-hui 2018, 55(1): 156-163.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1578KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of slope aspect on the vegetation diversity of mountain steppe, and reveal the change rule of vegetation diversity in different growing seasons.【Method】 The mountain steppe in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain was taken as the research object, and the method of field investigation and sampling were used, and grassland vegetation diversity in the different slope (east and west slope, slope crest) and different growth periods (6-9 months) were measured.【Result】 (1) The influence of slope aspect on Patrick richness index, Simpson dominance index, Shannon-wiener diversity index were relatively small (P>0.05), but Pielou evenness index on west slope in June and September were increased by 7.4% and 10.9% compared with that in east slope (P<0.05). (2) The Patrick richness index in different slope aspects and the Simpson dominance index, Shannon-wiener diversity index on the slope crest and west slope in June and August were higher than those in July and September.【Conclusion】 The response of vegetation diversity to slopes (west slope, east slope and slope crest) is small, but monthly dynamic changes of vegetation diversity are significant.

Select

Effects of Irrigation Quota Distribution and Water-phosphorus Coupling on the Growth Regularity of Alfalfa under Drip Irrigation REN Ling-tong, ZHAO Jun-wei, WU Xin-chun, CHENG Min, ZHANG Qian-bing, WU Hao, YU Lei, MA Chun-hui, LU Wei-hua 2018, 55(1): 164-174.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1267KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to explore the effects of irrigation quota distribution and water-phosphorus coupling on the growth regularity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under drip irrigation. 【Method】 Three irrigation gradient treatments were conducted: 5,250 m3/hm2 (W1), 6,000 m3/hm2 (W2), and 6,750 m3/hm2 (W3), respectively. Under the irrigation amount of 6,000 m3/hm2 (W2), irrigation amount were distributed with three different modes: (1) 35% of the total irrigation amount before mowing and 65% of the total amount irrigation water after mowing (F1). (2) 50% of the total irrigation amount before mowing and 50% of the total amount irrigation water after mowing (F2). (3) 65% of the total irrigation amount before mowing and 35% of the total amount irrigation water after mowing (F3). Three kinds of phosphorus patterns were set up under three irrigation gradients, and the contents of P2O5 were 50 kg/hm2 (P1), 100 kg/hm2 (P2) and 150 kg/hm2 (P3), respectively.【Result】 In the different irrigation quota distribution conditions, the days of reaching the fastest growth rate of alfalfa plants under F2 treatment were at least 17-18 days, and the alfalfa biomass of F1 treatment had the biggest growth space, which was also the least influenced by irrigation quota distribution of different mowing. In the different water-phosphorus coupling conditions, the maximum growth rate of alfalfa plants reached at least 15-16 d at each time of W3P2 treatment and the alfalfa biomass of W1P3 and W2P3 and W3P3 treatments had the biggest growth space, among which, W3P3 treatment was the least influenced by water and phosphorus of different mowing.【Conclusion】 When the alfalfa reached the maximum growth rate on 15 th to 18 th days, the effect of water fertilizer managements were the best, and the irrigation with 35% of the total irrigation amount before mowing and 65% of the total amount irrigation water after mowing, and effective coupling between suitable irrigation amount (6,000 m3/hm2) and phosphorus application amount (P2O5 100 kg/hm2) were beneficial to the effective development of alfalfa growth potential under drip irrigation in the second growth year.

Select

Effects of Short-term Enclosure on Community Characteristics of Seriphidium transiliense Desert and Diversity in Yili Ayixiemu Yuemaier,DONG Yi-qiang,AN Sha-zhou,YANG Jiao,Ayimin Bolati,LI Kun, GUAN Xin,KONG Xiao-jing 2018, 55(1): 175-182.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1401KB) ( )   【Objective】 To reveal the community characteristics and vegetation diversity of Seriphidium transiliense desert response to short-term enclosure, and provide the theoretical basis for the restoration and reconstruction of degraded sagebrush desert. 【Method】 In this study, in order to discuss the effects of short-term enclosure on the characteristics and diversity of desert communities, the coverage, height, density and biomass of the community were studied by field monitoring method, and the diversity indexes of community vegetation were calculated.【Result】 (1)The community height, coverage and biomass increased significantly by 89.7%, 153.9% and 130.8% (P<0.05), while the community density decreased significantly by 19.8% (P<0.05). (2)Compared with the enclosed area, the Simpson index and the Pielou index of the grazing area were significantly higher than those in the enclosure area (P<0.05), the Shannon-Wiener index was slightly higher than that of the enclosure area, while the Margalef index was lower, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05).【Conclusion】 Enclosure has become the most effective measure to restore and reconstruct degraded grassland, and the biomass of grassland community can be increased by enclosure, but the species diversity index is low, and the grazing reduces richness index.

Select

Qualitative Analysis of Mutton Freshness by Hyperspectral Imaging Based on BP and Adaboost-BP Neural Network FAN Zhong-jian, ZHU Rong-guang, ZHANG Fan-fan, YAO Xue-dong, QIU Yuan-yuan, YAN Cong 2018, 55(1): 183-188.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1223KB) ( )   【Objective】 To realize the rapid and accurate identification of mutton freshness.【Method】 The spectral data of the pure muscle was extracted from the spectral range of 460-1,000 nm of the mutton hyperspectral image, and the freshness grades were divided according to the volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) value. After spectral pretreatment, a study on classification comparison of mutton freshness was carried out by using two dimensionality compression method of successive projections algorithm (SPA) and principal component analysis (PCA), two modeling methods of back propagation (BP) neural network and adaptive boosting BP (Adaboost-BP) neural network.【Result】 Based on SPA and PCA methods, the accuracy of calibration and prediction sets of the established BP models was 100% and 83.33%, and that of the Adaboost-BP models was 100% and 94.44%, respectively. The results of Adaboost-BP model were better than BP model under these two dimensionality compression methods.【Conclusion】 The study shows that hyperspectral image technology combined with Adaboost-BP method can achieve the accurate qualitative discrimination of freshness of mutton.

Select

Study on the Change of Texture Characteristics and Water Holding Capacity during Drying Maturation Process of Dry Cured Sheep Hams Mukaddas Muhtar, Mahira Bahiti, Jueken Aniwashi, Batur Ablikim 2018, 55(1): 189-196.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1178KB) ( )   【Objective】 By controlling the drying condition of sheep hind legs, shortening the production cycle and detecting the shear force, texture characteristics and water holding capacity during the drying maturation process of dry cured sheep ham, this project aims to provide the theoretical basis for the industrial production and quality improvement of dry cured sheep ham.【Method】 The biceps femoris muscle of dry-cured sheep ham made in laboratory was used as experimental material and gradient control method was applied to determine the temperature, the humidity, the airflow and other process parameters during drying process to measure the shear force, texture characteristics, water content, water holding capacity and other indicator changes during drying maturation process of dry cured sheep ham.【Result】 Water holding capacity decreased during drying maturation process of dry cured sheep ham and the shear force value increased (P<0.05). Hardness, gumminess, cohesive force and chewiness increased (P<0.05). Viscidity, elasticity and resilience declined (P <0.05).【Conclusion】 During drying maturation process of dry cured sheep ham, the leg texture become dense, texture characteristics hardened and tenderness decreased. By controlling the temperature, humidity and airflow, production cycle of sheep ham is shortened to 1/6 of the traditional process.