Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (8): 1993-2003.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.020
• Horticultural Special Local Products · Agricultural Product Processing Engineering · Forestry • Previous Articles Next Articles
Arezigu Tuxun(), JIA Kai, GAO Jie(
)
Received:
2024-01-25
Online:
2024-08-20
Published:
2024-09-19
Correspondence author:
GAO Jie
Supported by:
通讯作者:
高杰
作者简介:
阿热孜姑·吐逊(1997-),女,新疆图木舒克人,硕士研究生,研究方向为蔬菜栽培与生理,(E-mail)3398929418@qq.com
基金资助:
CLC Number:
Arezigu Tuxun, JIA Kai, GAO Jie. Effects of different substrates and planting densities on onion bulblet yield[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(8): 1993-2003.
阿热孜姑·吐逊, 贾凯, 高杰. 不同基质和播种密度对洋葱小鳞茎产出个数的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1993-2003.
处理 Treatments | 培养土 Compost | 草炭 Peat | 珍珠岩 Perlite | 蛭石 Vermiculite | 羊粪 Goat manure | 园林土 Landscape soil | 播种密度 Seed population (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.5×1.5 |
T2 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2×2 |
T3 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.5×2.5 |
T4 | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | 1.5×1.5 |
T5 | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | 2×2 |
T6 | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | 2.5×2.5 |
T7 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 3 | 1.5×1.5 |
T8 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 3 | 2×2 |
T9 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 3 | 2.5×2.5 |
T10 | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | 2×2 |
T11 | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | 2.5×2.5 |
T12 | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | 3×3 |
T13 | - | - | 1 | 3 | - | - | 2×2 |
T14 | - | - | 1 | 3 | - | - | 2.5×2.5 |
T15 | - | - | 1 | 3 | - | - | 3×3 |
Tab.1 Different matrix ratio ( volume ratio ) and different sowing density combination
处理 Treatments | 培养土 Compost | 草炭 Peat | 珍珠岩 Perlite | 蛭石 Vermiculite | 羊粪 Goat manure | 园林土 Landscape soil | 播种密度 Seed population (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.5×1.5 |
T2 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2×2 |
T3 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.5×2.5 |
T4 | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | 1.5×1.5 |
T5 | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | 2×2 |
T6 | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | 2.5×2.5 |
T7 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 3 | 1.5×1.5 |
T8 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 3 | 2×2 |
T9 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 3 | 2.5×2.5 |
T10 | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | 2×2 |
T11 | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | 2.5×2.5 |
T12 | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | 3×3 |
T13 | - | - | 1 | 3 | - | - | 2×2 |
T14 | - | - | 1 | 3 | - | - | 2.5×2.5 |
T15 | - | - | 1 | 3 | - | - | 3×3 |
处理 Treatments | 容重 Bulk density (g/cm3) | 总孔隙度 Total porosity (%) | 通气孔隙度 Aeration porosity (%) | 持水孔隙度 Water holding porosity (%) | 气水比 Air-water ratio | pH值 pH value | 电导率EC (mS/cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 0.86±0.01d | 55±0.01c | 3.62±0.01g | 51.38±0.01cd | 0.07±0.01f | 7.65±0.18f | 1.37±0.15a |
T2 | 0.85±0.01de | 54.93±0.01c | 3.89±0.01g | 51.04±0.01cd | 0.08±0.02ef | 8±0.11def | 1.3±0.06a |
T3 | 0.83±0.01e | 55.46±0.01c | 3.48±0g | 51.98±0.01bcd | 0.07±0.01f | 8.15±0.06def | 1.36±0.01a |
T4 | 0.12±0.01i | 68.03±0.02a | 16.39±0.04ab | 51.64±0.06bcd | 0.34±0.13ab | 7.79±0.2ef | 0.14±0.03ef |
T5 | 0.11±0.02i | 66.47±0.01ab | 15.6±0.02abc | 50.86±0.01cd | 0.32±0.04abc | 8.22±0.46cde | 0.16±0.02def |
T6 | 0.11±0.01i | 66.27±0.02ab | 18.31±0.02a | 47.96±0.03d | 0.41±0.07a | 7.65±0.27f | 0.12±0.03f |
T7 | 1.03±0.02c | 46.86±0.01d | 5.8±0.01fg | 41.06±0.01e | 0.14±0.01def | 8.73±0.18bc | 0.39±0.07c |
T8 | 1.13±0.01a | 45.19±0.01d | 6.49±0efg | 38.69±0.01e | 0.17±0.01def | 8.86±0.07b | 0.37±0.04c |
T9 | 1.09±0.02b | 46.42±0.01d | 6.48±0efg | 39.94±0.01e | 0.16±0.01def | 8.41±0.39bcd | 0.5±0.1b |
T10 | 0.19±0.01gh | 65.72±0.02ab | 10.17±0.06def | 55.55±0.04abc | 0.2±0.13de | 9.56±0.68a | 0.2±0.01def |
T11 | 0.19±0gh | 65.24±0.01b | 12.63±0.02bcd | 52.61±0.02bcd | 0.25±0.05cd | 9.62±0.2a | 0.2±0.03def |
T12 | 0.19±0.02h | 65.08±0.02b | 9.64±0.01def | 55.44±0.02abc | 0.18±0.02def | 9.7±0.33a | 0.22±0.05def |
T13 | 0.21±0.01fg | 67.87±0.01a | 9.42±0.02def | 58.45±0.03a | 0.17±0.05def | 9.98±0.16a | 0.25±0.01d |
T14 | 0.23±0f | 66.9±0ab | 9.76±0.01def | 57.14±0.02ab | 0.18±0.03def | 10.07±0.19a | 0.24±0.01de |
T15 | 0.22±0.03fg | 66.36±0.01ab | 11.13±0.05cde | 55.23±0.06abc | 0.22±0.12cd | 9.87±0.33a | 0.26±0.03d |
Tab.2 Comparisons of physicochemical properties of different substrates
处理 Treatments | 容重 Bulk density (g/cm3) | 总孔隙度 Total porosity (%) | 通气孔隙度 Aeration porosity (%) | 持水孔隙度 Water holding porosity (%) | 气水比 Air-water ratio | pH值 pH value | 电导率EC (mS/cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 0.86±0.01d | 55±0.01c | 3.62±0.01g | 51.38±0.01cd | 0.07±0.01f | 7.65±0.18f | 1.37±0.15a |
T2 | 0.85±0.01de | 54.93±0.01c | 3.89±0.01g | 51.04±0.01cd | 0.08±0.02ef | 8±0.11def | 1.3±0.06a |
T3 | 0.83±0.01e | 55.46±0.01c | 3.48±0g | 51.98±0.01bcd | 0.07±0.01f | 8.15±0.06def | 1.36±0.01a |
T4 | 0.12±0.01i | 68.03±0.02a | 16.39±0.04ab | 51.64±0.06bcd | 0.34±0.13ab | 7.79±0.2ef | 0.14±0.03ef |
T5 | 0.11±0.02i | 66.47±0.01ab | 15.6±0.02abc | 50.86±0.01cd | 0.32±0.04abc | 8.22±0.46cde | 0.16±0.02def |
T6 | 0.11±0.01i | 66.27±0.02ab | 18.31±0.02a | 47.96±0.03d | 0.41±0.07a | 7.65±0.27f | 0.12±0.03f |
T7 | 1.03±0.02c | 46.86±0.01d | 5.8±0.01fg | 41.06±0.01e | 0.14±0.01def | 8.73±0.18bc | 0.39±0.07c |
T8 | 1.13±0.01a | 45.19±0.01d | 6.49±0efg | 38.69±0.01e | 0.17±0.01def | 8.86±0.07b | 0.37±0.04c |
T9 | 1.09±0.02b | 46.42±0.01d | 6.48±0efg | 39.94±0.01e | 0.16±0.01def | 8.41±0.39bcd | 0.5±0.1b |
T10 | 0.19±0.01gh | 65.72±0.02ab | 10.17±0.06def | 55.55±0.04abc | 0.2±0.13de | 9.56±0.68a | 0.2±0.01def |
T11 | 0.19±0gh | 65.24±0.01b | 12.63±0.02bcd | 52.61±0.02bcd | 0.25±0.05cd | 9.62±0.2a | 0.2±0.03def |
T12 | 0.19±0.02h | 65.08±0.02b | 9.64±0.01def | 55.44±0.02abc | 0.18±0.02def | 9.7±0.33a | 0.22±0.05def |
T13 | 0.21±0.01fg | 67.87±0.01a | 9.42±0.02def | 58.45±0.03a | 0.17±0.05def | 9.98±0.16a | 0.25±0.01d |
T14 | 0.23±0f | 66.9±0ab | 9.76±0.01def | 57.14±0.02ab | 0.18±0.03def | 10.07±0.19a | 0.24±0.01de |
T15 | 0.22±0.03fg | 66.36±0.01ab | 11.13±0.05cde | 55.23±0.06abc | 0.22±0.12cd | 9.87±0.33a | 0.26±0.03d |
处理 Treatments | POD过氧化物酶活性 Peroxidase (U/(g·min)) | CAT过氧化氢酶活性 Catalase (U/(g·min)) | SOD超氧化物歧化酶活性 Superoxidedismutas (U/(g·h)) | MDA丙二醛含量 Malondialdehyde (nmol/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 3.09±2c | 3.56±0.47def | 4.42±1.43fg | 17.41±1.91ab |
T2 | 3.09±0.8c | 3.93±0.29cdef | 3.61±0.92g | 20.7±4.88ab |
T3 | 1.93±0.4c | 3.69±0.87def | 4.08±0.84g | 20.73±4.76ab |
T4 | 10.56±7.9abc | 2.07±0.7f | 7.56±0.87bcd | 12.9±4.22ab |
T5 | 23.6±20.06abc | 2.6±0.99ef | 6.72±0.87bcd | 26.63±16.27a |
T6 | 33.4±37.58a | 3.96±1.74cdef | 4.6±1.43efg | 16.17±1.6ab |
T7 | 28.31±10.67ab | 6.47±0.24a | 6.14±0.79cde | 21.76±3.29ab |
T8 | 12.71±3.72abc | 5.18±2.13abcd | 5.98±1.15def | 11.49±1.53ab |
T9 | 19.04±9.8abc | 4.64±0.71abcde | 7.8±0.26bc | 26.39±21.15a |
T10 | 13.2±3.06abc | 3.93±0.93cdef | 9.93±0.32a | 29.02±22.37a |
T11 | 6.56±1.52bc | 4.42±1.56bcde | 8.01±0.38b | 4.98±3.42b |
T12 | 7.27±1.56bc | 4.53±1.11abcde | 7.83±0.65bc | 6.2±2.97b |
T13 | 6.96±1.73bc | 4.49±1.04abcde | 10.31±1.43a | 15.49±1.39ab |
T14 | 8.96±5.21bc | 5.87±0.24abc | 11.23±0.4a | 17.72±8.42ab |
T15 | 14.49±1.06abc | 6.07±0.55ab | 10.36±0.95a | 22.7±5.58ab |
Tab.3 Changes of different treatments on antioxidase activity and malondialdehyde content
处理 Treatments | POD过氧化物酶活性 Peroxidase (U/(g·min)) | CAT过氧化氢酶活性 Catalase (U/(g·min)) | SOD超氧化物歧化酶活性 Superoxidedismutas (U/(g·h)) | MDA丙二醛含量 Malondialdehyde (nmol/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 3.09±2c | 3.56±0.47def | 4.42±1.43fg | 17.41±1.91ab |
T2 | 3.09±0.8c | 3.93±0.29cdef | 3.61±0.92g | 20.7±4.88ab |
T3 | 1.93±0.4c | 3.69±0.87def | 4.08±0.84g | 20.73±4.76ab |
T4 | 10.56±7.9abc | 2.07±0.7f | 7.56±0.87bcd | 12.9±4.22ab |
T5 | 23.6±20.06abc | 2.6±0.99ef | 6.72±0.87bcd | 26.63±16.27a |
T6 | 33.4±37.58a | 3.96±1.74cdef | 4.6±1.43efg | 16.17±1.6ab |
T7 | 28.31±10.67ab | 6.47±0.24a | 6.14±0.79cde | 21.76±3.29ab |
T8 | 12.71±3.72abc | 5.18±2.13abcd | 5.98±1.15def | 11.49±1.53ab |
T9 | 19.04±9.8abc | 4.64±0.71abcde | 7.8±0.26bc | 26.39±21.15a |
T10 | 13.2±3.06abc | 3.93±0.93cdef | 9.93±0.32a | 29.02±22.37a |
T11 | 6.56±1.52bc | 4.42±1.56bcde | 8.01±0.38b | 4.98±3.42b |
T12 | 7.27±1.56bc | 4.53±1.11abcde | 7.83±0.65bc | 6.2±2.97b |
T13 | 6.96±1.73bc | 4.49±1.04abcde | 10.31±1.43a | 15.49±1.39ab |
T14 | 8.96±5.21bc | 5.87±0.24abc | 11.23±0.4a | 17.72±8.42ab |
T15 | 14.49±1.06abc | 6.07±0.55ab | 10.36±0.95a | 22.7±5.58ab |
相关系数 Correlation coefficient | 株高 Plant hight | 假茎粗 Pseudostem diameter | 叶片数 Leaf number | 鳞茎产 出个数 Number of bulblets produced | 容重 Bulk density | 总孔隙度 Total porosity | 通气 孔隙度 Aeration porosity | 持水 孔隙度 Water holding | 气水比 Air-water ratio | pH值 pH value | 电导率EC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
假茎粗 Pseudostem diameter | 0.001 | 1.000 | |||||||||
叶片数 Leaf number | 0.043 | 0.623* | 1.000 | ||||||||
鳞茎产出个数 Number of bulblets produced | -0.518* | -0.297 | -0.351 | 1.000 | |||||||
容重 Bulk density | 0.555* | -0.517* | -0.666** | -0.068 | 1.000 | ||||||
总孔隙度 Total porosity | -0.557* | 0.473 | 0.555* | 0.123 | -0.980** | 1.000 | |||||
通气孔隙度 Aeration porosity | -0.491 | 0.650** | 0.732** | 0.127 | -0.808** | 0.712** | 1.000 | ||||
持水孔隙度 Water holding | -0.399 | 0.162 | 0.213 | 0.074 | -0.745** | 0.845** | 0.227 | 1.000 | |||
气水比 Air-water ratio | -0.433 | 0.659** | 0.701** | 0.108 | -0.680** | 0.564* | 0.980** | 0.037 | 1.000 | ||
pH值 pH value | 0.314 | -0.007 | 0.554* | -0.502 | -0.354 | 0.342 | 0.017 | 0.462 | -0.094 | 1.000 | |
电导率EC | 0.050 | -0.418 | -0.907** | 0.153 | 0.614* | -0.475 | -0.773** | -0.071 | -0.761** | -0.480 | 1.000 |
Tab.4 Pearson correlation analysis between physical and chemical properties of different substrates and growth indexes
相关系数 Correlation coefficient | 株高 Plant hight | 假茎粗 Pseudostem diameter | 叶片数 Leaf number | 鳞茎产 出个数 Number of bulblets produced | 容重 Bulk density | 总孔隙度 Total porosity | 通气 孔隙度 Aeration porosity | 持水 孔隙度 Water holding | 气水比 Air-water ratio | pH值 pH value | 电导率EC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
假茎粗 Pseudostem diameter | 0.001 | 1.000 | |||||||||
叶片数 Leaf number | 0.043 | 0.623* | 1.000 | ||||||||
鳞茎产出个数 Number of bulblets produced | -0.518* | -0.297 | -0.351 | 1.000 | |||||||
容重 Bulk density | 0.555* | -0.517* | -0.666** | -0.068 | 1.000 | ||||||
总孔隙度 Total porosity | -0.557* | 0.473 | 0.555* | 0.123 | -0.980** | 1.000 | |||||
通气孔隙度 Aeration porosity | -0.491 | 0.650** | 0.732** | 0.127 | -0.808** | 0.712** | 1.000 | ||||
持水孔隙度 Water holding | -0.399 | 0.162 | 0.213 | 0.074 | -0.745** | 0.845** | 0.227 | 1.000 | |||
气水比 Air-water ratio | -0.433 | 0.659** | 0.701** | 0.108 | -0.680** | 0.564* | 0.980** | 0.037 | 1.000 | ||
pH值 pH value | 0.314 | -0.007 | 0.554* | -0.502 | -0.354 | 0.342 | 0.017 | 0.462 | -0.094 | 1.000 | |
电导率EC | 0.050 | -0.418 | -0.907** | 0.153 | 0.614* | -0.475 | -0.773** | -0.071 | -0.761** | -0.480 | 1.000 |
来源 Source | 项目 Items | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 均方和 Mean square | F值 F-value | 显著性 Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
基质 Matrix | 株高 | 177.829 | 4 | 44.457 | 19.857 | 0.000 |
叶片数 | 0.919 | 4 | 0.230 | 19.151 | 0.000 | |
假茎粗 | 10.222 | 4 | 2.555 | 233.093 | 0.000 | |
鳞茎产出个数 | 64 233.746 | 4 | 16 058.437 | 53.346 | 0.000 | |
密度 Density of crop | 株高 | 27.775 | 3 | 9.258 | 4.135 | 0.014 |
叶片数 | 0.451 | 3 | 0.150 | 12.524 | 0.000 | |
假茎粗 | 0.462 | 3 | 0.154 | 14.047 | 0.000 | |
鳞茎产出个数 | 143 262.097 | 3 | 47 754.032 | 158.638 | 0.000 | |
基质× 密度 Matrix × density | 株高 | 20.951 | 7 | 2.993 | 1.337 | 0.268 |
叶片数 | 0.207 | 7 | 0.030 | 2.466 | 0.040 | |
假茎粗 | 0.128 | 7 | 0.018 | 1.663 | 0.156 | |
鳞茎产出个数 | 27 581.658 | 7 | 3 940.237 | 13.089 | 0.000 |
Tab.5 Variance analysis table of matrix, density and growth index and number of bulbs output
来源 Source | 项目 Items | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 均方和 Mean square | F值 F-value | 显著性 Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
基质 Matrix | 株高 | 177.829 | 4 | 44.457 | 19.857 | 0.000 |
叶片数 | 0.919 | 4 | 0.230 | 19.151 | 0.000 | |
假茎粗 | 10.222 | 4 | 2.555 | 233.093 | 0.000 | |
鳞茎产出个数 | 64 233.746 | 4 | 16 058.437 | 53.346 | 0.000 | |
密度 Density of crop | 株高 | 27.775 | 3 | 9.258 | 4.135 | 0.014 |
叶片数 | 0.451 | 3 | 0.150 | 12.524 | 0.000 | |
假茎粗 | 0.462 | 3 | 0.154 | 14.047 | 0.000 | |
鳞茎产出个数 | 143 262.097 | 3 | 47 754.032 | 158.638 | 0.000 | |
基质× 密度 Matrix × density | 株高 | 20.951 | 7 | 2.993 | 1.337 | 0.268 |
叶片数 | 0.207 | 7 | 0.030 | 2.466 | 0.040 | |
假茎粗 | 0.128 | 7 | 0.018 | 1.663 | 0.156 | |
鳞茎产出个数 | 27 581.658 | 7 | 3 940.237 | 13.089 | 0.000 |
处理 Treatments | 株高 Plant hight | 假茎粗 Pseudostem diameter | 叶片数 Leaf number | 小鳞茎产出个数 Number of bulblets produced | 平均隶属度 Average subordinative level | 综合排名 Comprehensive ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 0.490 | 0.411 | 0.333 | 0.648 | 0.471 | 9 |
T2 | 0.377 | 0.403 | 0.500 | 0.649 | 0.482 | 7 |
T3 | 0.533 | 0.435 | 0.485 | 0.417 | 0.467 | 10 |
T4 | 0.537 | 0.373 | 0.389 | 0.467 | 0.441 | 13 |
T5 | 0.619 | 0.560 | 0.556 | 0.667 | 0.600 | 1 |
T6 | 0.602 | 0.418 | 0.400 | 0.333 | 0.438 | 14 |
T7 | 0.391 | 0.636 | 0.444 | 0.441 | 0.478 | 8 |
T8 | 0.577 | 0.558 | 0.333 | 0.619 | 0.522 | 5 |
T9 | 0.646 | 0.542 | 0.519 | 0.600 | 0.577 | 2 |
T10 | 0.335 | 0.548 | 0.533 | 0.444 | 0.465 | 11 |
T11 | 0.662 | 0.600 | 0.333 | 0.367 | 0.491 | 6 |
T12 | 0.596 | 0.364 | 0.662 | 0.472 | 0.523 | 4 |
T13 | 0.380 | 0.417 | 0.667 | 0.356 | 0.455 | 12 |
T14 | 0.459 | 0.475 | 0.667 | 0.500 | 0.525 | 3 |
T15 | 0.485 | 0.481 | 0.333 | 0.444 | 0.436 | 15 |
Tab.6 Changes of the membership function values of growth index and output number of onion seedlings under different treatments
处理 Treatments | 株高 Plant hight | 假茎粗 Pseudostem diameter | 叶片数 Leaf number | 小鳞茎产出个数 Number of bulblets produced | 平均隶属度 Average subordinative level | 综合排名 Comprehensive ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 0.490 | 0.411 | 0.333 | 0.648 | 0.471 | 9 |
T2 | 0.377 | 0.403 | 0.500 | 0.649 | 0.482 | 7 |
T3 | 0.533 | 0.435 | 0.485 | 0.417 | 0.467 | 10 |
T4 | 0.537 | 0.373 | 0.389 | 0.467 | 0.441 | 13 |
T5 | 0.619 | 0.560 | 0.556 | 0.667 | 0.600 | 1 |
T6 | 0.602 | 0.418 | 0.400 | 0.333 | 0.438 | 14 |
T7 | 0.391 | 0.636 | 0.444 | 0.441 | 0.478 | 8 |
T8 | 0.577 | 0.558 | 0.333 | 0.619 | 0.522 | 5 |
T9 | 0.646 | 0.542 | 0.519 | 0.600 | 0.577 | 2 |
T10 | 0.335 | 0.548 | 0.533 | 0.444 | 0.465 | 11 |
T11 | 0.662 | 0.600 | 0.333 | 0.367 | 0.491 | 6 |
T12 | 0.596 | 0.364 | 0.662 | 0.472 | 0.523 | 4 |
T13 | 0.380 | 0.417 | 0.667 | 0.356 | 0.455 | 12 |
T14 | 0.459 | 0.475 | 0.667 | 0.500 | 0.525 | 3 |
T15 | 0.485 | 0.481 | 0.333 | 0.444 | 0.436 | 15 |
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