Characteristics of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica cones and needles traits in response to altitudinal gradients

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.10.014

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to explore the adaptation mechanism of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica (Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica) cones and needles traits to altitudinal gradient. 【Methods】 Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica forests were selected from east to west of the TianShan Mountains at different longitude positions, and different populations of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica were collected and measured for the traits of cones and needles, and the distribution characteristics of the phenotypic and functional traits and their correlations were analyzed by using Tukey's HSD multiple comparisons, correlation analyses, and regression analyses. 【Results】 Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica cone and needles traits varied significantly among different elevation gradients; phenotypic plasticity indices varied to different degrees among different elevation gradients, and overall, the plasticity indices of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica cones and needle traits became larger with the increase of elevation; Among the 55 pairs of trait combinations, 34 pairs of combinations showed highly significant correlation levels (P<0.01), including 25 pairs of highly significant positive correlations and 9 pairs of highly significant negative correlations. Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica phenotypic traits as a whole showed a significant decreasing trend with the elevation gradient, and functional traits as a whole showed a curvilinear variance trend with the elevation gradient. 【Conclusion】 Altitudinal factors on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains significantly affect the phenotypic and functional traits of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica, which adapt to the survival environment of the external vertical altitudinal gradient through the mutual coordination of multiple traits and resource allocation.

Key words: Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica; phenotypic traits; functional traits; altitudinal gradient; plasticity index

摘要：

【目的】 研究天山云杉(Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica)球果和针叶性状对海拔梯度的适应机制。【方法】 选择天山山脉从东到西处于不同经度位置4个地点的天山云杉林,采集测定不同种群天山云杉球果和针叶性状,采用Tukey's HSD多重比较、相关性及回归分析等方法分析表型和功能性状的分布特征。【结果】 天山云杉球果和针叶性状在不同海拔梯度间差异显著;表型可塑性指数在不同海拔梯度存在不同程度差异,天山云杉球果和针叶性状可塑性指数随海拔的上升而变大;55对性状组合中,有34对组合呈极显著相关水平(P<0.01),包括25对组合呈极显著正相关,9对组合呈极显著负相关;天山云杉表型性状整体上随海拔梯度的升高呈显著减小趋势,功能性状整体上随海拔的升高呈曲线变化趋势。【结论】 天山北坡海拔因子对天山云杉表型和功能性状的影响显著,天山云杉通过多个性状的相互协调和资源分配适应外部垂直海拔梯度变化的生存环境。

关键词: 天山云杉, 表型性状, 功能性状, 海拔梯度, 可塑性指数

CLC Number:

S757.3

WEI Lizhi, Yeerjiang Baiketuerhan, Tangnuer Yeerken, WANG Qiang, XU Dong. Characteristics of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica cones and needles traits in response to altitudinal gradients[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(10): 2465-2474.

魏立志, 叶尔江·拜克吐尔汉, 唐努尔·叶尔肯, 王强, 徐栋. 天山云杉球果和针叶性状对海拔梯度的响应特征[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(10): 2465-2474.

Figures/Tables 8

References 25

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研究地点 Study site	县(市) Counties (cities)	经度 Longitude(E)	纬度 Latitude(N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	调查株树 No. of plants (株)	胸径范围 Chest diameter range(cm)
天山中东部 Central and eastern tianshan mountains	吉木萨尔县	89°01'	43°46'	1 700~2 700	50	25.4~62.7
天山中部 Central tianshan mountains	乌鲁木齐市	86°48'	43°23'	1 700~2 700	50	26.5~76.1
天山中西部 Central and westen tianshan mountains	乌苏市	84°21'	44°08'	1 700~2 700	50	25.4~61.3
天山西部 Western tianshan mountains	巩留县	82°52'	43°08'	1 500~2 400	45	30.1~104.6

研究地点 Study site	县(市) Counties (cities)	经度 Longitude(E)	纬度 Latitude(N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	调查株树 No. of plants (株)	胸径范围 Chest diameter range(cm)
天山中东部 Central and eastern tianshan mountains	吉木萨尔县	89°01'	43°46'	1 700~2 700	50	25.4~62.7
天山中部 Central tianshan mountains	乌鲁木齐市	86°48'	43°23'	1 700~2 700	50	26.5~76.1
天山中西部 Central and westen tianshan mountains	乌苏市	84°21'	44°08'	1 700~2 700	50	25.4~61.3
天山西部 Western tianshan mountains	巩留县	82°52'	43°08'	1 500~2 400	45	30.1~104.6

海拔 Altitude(m)	种群 Population	球果干质量 CDW(g)	球果长 CL(cm)	球果宽 CW(cm)	球果长宽比 CLW(cm)	针叶长 NL(mm)	针叶宽 NW(mm)
Ⅰ <1 800	天山中东部	11.146^ab±0.373	8.211^b±0.222	3.416^b±0.186	2.35^ab±0.124	25.435^a±0.778	1.228^a±0.017
	天山中部	9.032^c±0.433	7.485^c±0.146	3.154^c±0.172	2.35^ab±0.117	23.772^b±0.762	1.164^ab±0.049
	天山中西部	10.806^b±0.655	8.167^b±0.439	3.541^b±0.120	2.185^b±0.06	23.525^b±1.376	1.135^b±0.055
	天山西部	12.496^a±1.343	9.532^a±0.385	3.935^a±0.121	2.415^a±0.089	24.142^ab±0.601	1.136^b±0.032
Ⅱ 1 800~2 100	天山中东部	10.562^a±1.148	7.779^b±0.446	3.445^b±0.104	2.249^b±0.097	24.260^b±2.04	1.270^a±0.015
	天山中部	10.202^a±0.542	7.855^b±0.258	3.226^c±0.249	2.465^a±0.158	25.241^ab±1.4	1.210^b±0.029
	天山中西部	10.799^a±1.655	8.168^b±0.578	3.584^b±0.235	2.274^b±0.096	25.541^ab±1.109	1.273^a±0.041
	天山西部	11.746^a±1.212	9.166^a±0.345	3.909^a±0.119	2.338^ab±0.08	26.412^a±0.867	1.132^c±0.052
Ⅲ 2 100~2 400	天山中东部	9.015^b±0.918	6.817^c±0.253	3.200^c±0.055	2.138^bc±0.06	22.856^b±1.277	1.222^a±0.019
	天山中部	9.719^b±0.914	7.349^b±0.307	3.050^c±0.220	2.433^a±0.176	23.114^b±1.505	1.158^b±0.041
	天山中西部	8.739^b±0.950	7.005^bc±0.47	3.401^b±0.123	2.061^c±0.117	22.615^b±1.447	1.188^ab±0.057
	天山西部	12.013^a±1.162	9.156^a±0.481	4.011^a±0.122	2.273^b±0.108	26.878^a±0.872	1.051^c±0.03
Ⅳ >2 400	天山中东部	8.822^b±0.155	6.644^a±0.258	3.178^a±0.091	2.138^b±0.068	20.316^b±1.379	1.201^a±0.007
	天山中部	7.571^b± 1.155	6.514^a±0.525	2.660^b±0.279	2.433^a±0.176	20.672^b±1.055	1.115^b±0.059
	天山中西部	7.045^b±0.442	6.448^a±0.342	3.213^a±0.175	2.061^b±0.117	20.987^b±0.38	1.119^b±0.021
	天山西部	10.983^a±4.421	7.647^a±2.027	3.454^a±0.416	2.273^b±0.108	24.644^a±0.663	1.017^c±0.008

海拔 Altitude(m)	种群 Population	球果干质量 CDW(g)	球果长 CL(cm)	球果宽 CW(cm)	球果长宽比 CLW(cm)	针叶长 NL(mm)	针叶宽 NW(mm)
Ⅰ <1 800	天山中东部	11.146^ab±0.373	8.211^b±0.222	3.416^b±0.186	2.35^ab±0.124	25.435^a±0.778	1.228^a±0.017
	天山中部	9.032^c±0.433	7.485^c±0.146	3.154^c±0.172	2.35^ab±0.117	23.772^b±0.762	1.164^ab±0.049
	天山中西部	10.806^b±0.655	8.167^b±0.439	3.541^b±0.120	2.185^b±0.06	23.525^b±1.376	1.135^b±0.055
	天山西部	12.496^a±1.343	9.532^a±0.385	3.935^a±0.121	2.415^a±0.089	24.142^ab±0.601	1.136^b±0.032
Ⅱ 1 800~2 100	天山中东部	10.562^a±1.148	7.779^b±0.446	3.445^b±0.104	2.249^b±0.097	24.260^b±2.04	1.270^a±0.015
	天山中部	10.202^a±0.542	7.855^b±0.258	3.226^c±0.249	2.465^a±0.158	25.241^ab±1.4	1.210^b±0.029
	天山中西部	10.799^a±1.655	8.168^b±0.578	3.584^b±0.235	2.274^b±0.096	25.541^ab±1.109	1.273^a±0.041
	天山西部	11.746^a±1.212	9.166^a±0.345	3.909^a±0.119	2.338^ab±0.08	26.412^a±0.867	1.132^c±0.052
Ⅲ 2 100~2 400	天山中东部	9.015^b±0.918	6.817^c±0.253	3.200^c±0.055	2.138^bc±0.06	22.856^b±1.277	1.222^a±0.019
	天山中部	9.719^b±0.914	7.349^b±0.307	3.050^c±0.220	2.433^a±0.176	23.114^b±1.505	1.158^b±0.041
	天山中西部	8.739^b±0.950	7.005^bc±0.47	3.401^b±0.123	2.061^c±0.117	22.615^b±1.447	1.188^ab±0.057
	天山西部	12.013^a±1.162	9.156^a±0.481	4.011^a±0.122	2.273^b±0.108	26.878^a±0.872	1.051^c±0.03
Ⅳ >2 400	天山中东部	8.822^b±0.155	6.644^a±0.258	3.178^a±0.091	2.138^b±0.068	20.316^b±1.379	1.201^a±0.007
	天山中部	7.571^b± 1.155	6.514^a±0.525	2.660^b±0.279	2.433^a±0.176	20.672^b±1.055	1.115^b±0.059
	天山中西部	7.045^b±0.442	6.448^a±0.342	3.213^a±0.175	2.061^b±0.117	20.987^b±0.38	1.119^b±0.021
	天山西部	10.983^a±4.421	7.647^a±2.027	3.454^a±0.416	2.273^b±0.108	24.644^a±0.663	1.017^c±0.008

海拔 Altitude(m)	种群 Population	叶厚度 LT(mm)	叶面积 LA(cm²)	比叶重 LMA(g/m²)	叶含水量 LWC(%)	叶干物质含量 LDWC(mg/g)
Ⅰ <1 800	天山中东部	0.949^a±0.056	22.412^a±2.062	305.162^a±31.03	41.810^a±1.457	557.815^b±10.263
	天山中部	0.880^b±0.026	21.244^ab±1.243	279.023^a±26.905	44.559^a±2.891	574.296^ab±9.958
	天山中西部	0.972^a±0.027	19.354^b±0.726	276.869^a±27.65	43.698^a±1.917	558.472^b±18.735
	天山西部	0.886^b±0.026	23.436^a±1.247	244.047^a±36.5	46.535^a±3.970	604.488^a±25.789
Ⅱ 1 800~2 100	天山中东部	0.933^a±0.043	22.285^b±2.140	284.555^a±2.218	42.795^b±2.947	524.951^b±39.471
	天山中部	0.839^b±0.036	24.776^a±0.724	254.508^b±8.794	47.344^b±2.209	515.873^b±14.195
	天山中西部	0.877^b±0.045	25.170^a±0.983	282.327^a±16.271	47.127^b±3.725	546.664^ab±22.794
	天山西部	0.797^c±0.021	26.434^a±1.716	261.095^ab±17.388	53.358^a±5.941	572.706^a±25.911
Ⅲ 2 100~2 400	天山中东部	0.931^a±0.058	19.744^b±1.532	267.066^b±11.255	50.141^a±3.200	479.241^c±30.888
	天山中部	0.823^b±0.027	19.582^b±1.918	294.975^a±9.258	49.451^a±1.699	504.693^b±16.943
	天山中西部	0.824^b±0.021	20.319^b±2.186	245.752^b±12.318	50.138^a±4.204	497.364^bc±15.455
	天山西部	0.792^b±0.011	24.306^a±1.726	248.422^b±20.884	52.960^a±4.879	541.975^a±18.080
Ⅳ >2 400	天山中东部	0.988^a±0.033	17.960^b±1.907	335.790^a±61.388	41.359^b±4.644	514.517^b±22.439
	天山中部	0.887^b±0.017	18.807^ab±1.664	340.277^a±45.626	45.539^ab±4.055	513.600^b±24.718
	天山中西部	0.881^b±0.025	18.308^b±1.081	307.826^a±11.613	41.800^b±2.892	532.946^ab±26.734
	天山西部	0.831^c±0.059	21.359^a±1.899	301.888^a±14.495	49.235^a±0.571	567.465^a±17.571