新疆长绒棉新品种关键性状特点解析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.07.001

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (7): 1561-1568.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.07.001

新疆长绒棉新品种关键性状特点解析

田立文¹(), 孔杰¹, 郑子漂¹, 张娜¹(), 刘军², 汪天礼¹, 崔建平¹()

1.新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院棉花研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆金丰源种业有限公司, 新疆温宿 843100

收稿日期:2024-12-12 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-09-05
通信作者: 张娜(1989-),女,新疆奎屯人,副研究员,博士,研究方向为棉花生理与生态,(E-mail)1732685125@qq.com;
崔建平(1975-),男,新疆伊犁人,研究员,硕士,研究方向为棉花轻简高效栽培及长绒棉产业化,(E-mail)3022825258@qq.com
作者简介:田立文(1965-),男,安徽肥东人,研究员,研究方向为棉花轻简高效栽培,(E-mail)1365400936@qq.com
基金资助:
“天山英才”引进计划—新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才科技创新领军人才(2022TSYCLJ0061);新疆维吾尔自治区棉花产业技术体系绿色栽培岗位专家(XJARS-03-09);新疆维吾尔自治区揭榜挂帅项目(长绒棉机采新品种选育及配套技术攻关)

Analysis of key traits and characteristics and issues of new varieties of Xinjiang extra-long staple cotton

TIAN Liwen¹(), KONG Jie¹, ZHENG Zipiao¹, ZHANG Na¹(), LIU Jun², WANG Tianli¹, CUI Jianping¹()

1. Cotton Research Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. Xinjiang Jinfengyuan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Wensu Xinjiang 843100, China

Received:2024-12-12 Published:2025-07-20 Online:2025-09-05
Supported by:
"Tianshan Talents" Introduction Program “Tianshan talent S & T Innovation Leading Talents of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region”(2022TSYCLJ0061);Green Cultivation Post Expert of Cotton Industry Technology System in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJARS-03-09);Unveiling the List and Finding the Talents of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region “Breeding of New Varieties and Supporting Technology of Long Staple Machine-picked Cotton”

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析新疆长绒棉品种品质、产量、抗病性等关键性状特点,为完善长绒棉审定标准和优化育种方向提供科学依据。【方法】选取2016~2024年间新疆农作物品种审定委员会6次审定的共26个新疆长绒棉品种,系统评估其熟性、铃重、衣分、皮棉产量、纤维品质(上半部纤维长度、断裂比强度、马克隆值、长度整齐度指数)、抗病性(枯萎病和黄萎病病情指数)等关键性状指标。【结果】审定长绒棉品种关键性状指标平均值:生育期131.9 d,铃重3.4 g,衣分33.3%、皮棉产量1 708.1 kg/hm²、纤维上半部长度39.0 mm、断裂比强度45.3 cN/tex、马克隆值4.1、长度整齐度指数89.0%,枯萎病病情指数4.1,黄萎病病情指数8.6,机采适应性、抗耐高温和抗旱性仅有零星定性描述。与2016~2018年相比,2021~2024年审定品种在生育期、纤维上半部长度、长度整齐度指数有显著或极显著性差异,且向好向优方向发展,但其他性状指标无显著差异。【结论】新疆长绒棉品种为典型的早中熟长绒棉品种,其品质总体指标优,产量性状指标高,抗病性好,但审定标准仍需要调整优化。调整审定品种关键性状指标阈值:生育期≤133 d(甚至130 d),铃重>3.2 g,衣分≥32.5%,皮棉产量≥1 700 kg/hm²,上半部纤维长度>37 mm,断裂比强度≥45 cN/tex,长度整齐度指数≥88.5%,马克隆值<4.2,枯萎病病情指数≤5.0,黄萎病病情指数≤10.0,同时,还应新增机采适应性(如机采长绒棉始果节高度)、抗耐性高温和抗旱性等指标,确保品种审定数量至少减少至当前的2/3甚至1/2,促进有突破性长绒棉品种的培育和审定,构建新品种培育和审定新局面。

关键词: 长绒棉; 审定品种; 产量; 纤维品质; 抗病性

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to explore the key characteristics of quality, yield, and disease resistance and other key traits of Xinjiang extra-long staple (ELS) cotton varieties in the hope of providing scientific evidence for improving the approval standards and optimizing breeding directions for ELS cotton. 【Methods】 26 Xinjiang ELS cotton varieties approved by the Xinjiang Crop Variety Approval Committee were selected for a total of 6 times between 2016 and 2024, and their key trait indicators such as maturity, boll weight, lint percentage, lint yield, fiber quality (upper fiber length, strength, micronaire value, length uniformity index), and disease resistance (Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt disease index) were systematically evaluated. 【Results】 The results showed that the average values of the key traits for approved varieties were as follows: growth period of 131.9 days, boll weight of 3.4 g, lint percentage of 33.3%, lint yield of 1,708.1 kg/hm², upper half mean fiber length of 39.0 mm, strength of 45.3 cN/tex, Micronaire value of 4.1, and length uniformity index of 89.0%, Fusarium wilt disease index of 4.1, and Verticillium wilt disease index of 8.6. Machine-picking adaptability, as well as resistance or tolerance to high temperatures and drought, were only sporadically described qualitatively. Compared with those between 2016-2018, the varieties approved during 2021-2024 showed significant or highly significant differences in growth period, fiber upper half mean length, and length uniformity index, all of which developed in a positive and improved direction. But there was no significant difference in other trait indicators. 【Conclusion】 Xinjiang ELS cotton varieties are typical early to mid maturity long staple cotton varieties, with overall excellent quality indicators, high yield trait indicators, and good disease resistance. However, the approval standards still need to be adjusted and optimized. It is recommended to adjust the threshold values for key trait indicators of approved varieties: growth period ≤133 days (preferably ≤130 days), boll weight >3.2 g, lint percentage ≥32.5%, lint yield ≥1700 kg/hm², fiber length >37 mm, breaking strength ≥45 cN/tex, length uniformity ≥88.5%, micronaire value <4.2, Fusarium wilt disease index ≤5.0, and Verticillium wilt disease index ≤10.0. Additionally, new indicators, such as machine-picking adaptability (e.g., initial fruit node height for machine-picked ELS cotton), heat tolerance, and drought resistance, should be included, thus ensuring the total number of approved varieties should be reduced to at least two-thirds or even half of the current number, thereby promoting the breeding and approval of breakthrough ELS cotton varieties and fostering a new framework for the development and approval of new varieties.

Key words: Xinjiang; extra-long staple cotton; approved varieties; yield; fiber quality; disease resistance

中图分类号:

S562

田立文, 孔杰, 郑子漂, 张娜, 刘军, 汪天礼, 崔建平. 新疆长绒棉新品种关键性状特点解析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(7): 1561-1568.

TIAN Liwen, KONG Jie, ZHENG Zipiao, ZHANG Na, LIU Jun, WANG Tianli, CUI Jianping. Analysis of key traits and characteristics and issues of new varieties of Xinjiang extra-long staple cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(7): 1561-1568.

图/表 6

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审定年份 Approval year	品种个数 Number of varieties	品种名称 Variety name
2016	4	新海55号~新海58号
2017	5	新海59号~新海63号
2018	6	新78、MCR3915、鲁泰700Q、元龙17号、H39012、九棉27
2021	2	K426、长丰10号
2022	5	新塔棉102号、H163、长丰2号、 K432、阿农海1号
2024	4	阿农海2号、新长437、元龙30号、长丰14号
累计Total	26	-

审定年份 Approval year	品种个数 Number of varieties	品种名称 Variety name
2016	4	新海55号~新海58号
2017	5	新海59号~新海63号
2018	6	新78、MCR3915、鲁泰700Q、元龙17号、H39012、九棉27
2021	2	K426、长丰10号
2022	5	新塔棉102号、H163、长丰2号、 K432、阿农海1号
2024	4	阿农海2号、新长437、元龙30号、长丰14号
累计Total	26	-

审定年份 Approval year	铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg/hm²)
2016	3.5(3.4~3.6)	33.5(33.0~34.0)	1 608.6(1 574.3~1 665.0)
2017	3.3(2.8~3.5)	33.2(32.6~34.3)	1 748.4(1 648.5~1 833.0)
2018	3.3(3.2~3.4)	33.5(31.8~36.5)	1 710.8(1 588.5~1 950.0)
2021	3.5(3.4~3.5)	32.8(32.7~32.9)	1 687.8(1 659.0~1 716.5)
2022	3.4(3.2~3.6)	33.1(32.0~34.4)	1 678.2(1 633.5~1 722.0)
2024	3.4(3.3~3.4)	33.9(33.4~34.3)	1 800.9(1 770.5~1 864.5)
平均值Average value	3.38	33.36	1 708.11
变异系数Variable coefficient	4.8%	2.8%	5.9%

审定年份 Approval year	铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg/hm²)
2016	3.5(3.4~3.6)	33.5(33.0~34.0)	1 608.6(1 574.3~1 665.0)
2017	3.3(2.8~3.5)	33.2(32.6~34.3)	1 748.4(1 648.5~1 833.0)
2018	3.3(3.2~3.4)	33.5(31.8~36.5)	1 710.8(1 588.5~1 950.0)
2021	3.5(3.4~3.5)	32.8(32.7~32.9)	1 687.8(1 659.0~1 716.5)
2022	3.4(3.2~3.6)	33.1(32.0~34.4)	1 678.2(1 633.5~1 722.0)
2024	3.4(3.3~3.4)	33.9(33.4~34.3)	1 800.9(1 770.5~1 864.5)
平均值Average value	3.38	33.36	1 708.11
变异系数Variable coefficient	4.8%	2.8%	5.9%

审定年份 Approval year	上半部平均长度 Upper half mean length(mm)	断裂比强度 Breaking strength (cN/tex)	马克隆值 Micronaire value	长度整齐度指数 Length uniformity index(%)
2016	38.5(38.1~38.7)	45.8(45.4~46.2)	4.0(3.9~4.2)	87.9(87.6~88.3)
2017	39.0(38.3~40.1)	44.7(43.1~46.2)	4.1(3.9~4.4)	89.0(88.0~90.1)
2018	38.4(36.6~39.4)	45.3(44.0~47.0)	4.1(3.8~4.4)	88.8(87.7~89.3)
2021	40.7(40.4~40.9)	45.6(44.8~46.3)	4.1(4.1~4.1)	90.2(90.2~90.2)
2022	40.1(39.4~40.5)	45.3(44.5~46.1)	4.0(3.8~4.2)	89.7(89.5~89.9)
2024	38.4(36.6~39.6)	45.5(44.8~45.9)	4.2(3.9~4.4)	89.0(88.1~89.4)
平均值Average value	39.03	45.31	4.08	88.99
变异系数 Variable coefficient	2.8%	2.0%	4.5%	0.9%

新疆长绒棉新品种关键性状特点解析

Analysis of key traits and characteristics and issues of new varieties of Xinjiang extra-long staple cotton

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参考文献 17

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Metrics

审定年份 Approval year	枯萎病病情指数与范围 Disease index and range of fusarium wilt	黄萎病病情指数与范围 Disease index and range of verticillium wilt
2016	6.0 (4.1~8.6)	16.0 (14.7~18.2)
2017	3.9 (3.6~4.4)	5.6 (5.2~6.5)
2018	3.5 (2.7~6.1)	9.1 (8.5~9.8)
2021	3.1 (3~3.1)	8.3 (7.6~9.0)
2022	4.5 (4.4~4.6)	8.1 (7.5~8.4)
2024	3.2 (2.4~3.6)	5.3 (2.0~10.3)
平均值 Average value	4.07	8.64
变异系数 Variable coefficient	33.9%	44.4%

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