不同生物有机肥配施化肥对大豆植株生长、抗病及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.011

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (5): 1127-1133.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.011

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

不同生物有机肥配施化肥对大豆植株生长、抗病及产量的影响

朱宝国¹(), 匡恩俊², 滕占林³, 孟庆英¹, 王囡囡¹, 冯浩原¹, 邱磊¹, 高雪冬¹, 张春峰¹()

1.黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯 154007
2.黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,哈尔滨 150086
3.佳木斯市绿色食品发展中心,黑龙江佳木斯 154002

收稿日期:2022-09-29 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-05-22
通信作者: 张春峰(1965-),男,黑龙江汤原人,研究员,博士,研究方向为土壤肥料与作物营养,(E-mail)chunfeng-1@163.com
作者简介:朱宝国(1982-),男,黑龙江依兰人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为土壤肥料与作物营养,(E-mail)zhubaoguo82@163.com
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项'黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28010403);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项'黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28100202)

Effects of different bio-organic fertilizers application combined with conventional fertilization on growth, disease resistance and yield of soybean

ZHU Baoguo¹(), KUANG Enjun², TENG Zhanglin³, MENG Qingying¹, WANG Nannan¹, FENG Haoyuan¹, QIU Lei¹, GAO Xuedong¹, ZHANG Chunfeng¹()

1. Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi Heilongjiang 154007, China
2. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
3. Jiamusi Green Food Development Center, Jiamusi Heilongjiang 150002,China

Received:2022-09-29 Published:2023-05-20 Online:2023-05-22
Supported by:
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28010403);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28100202)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同生物有机肥配施化肥对大豆植株性状、抗病性及产量和效益的影响。【方法】在大田条件下采用小区试验方法,设置常规施肥和不同生物有机肥配施化肥处理,研究大豆干物质、根瘤、抗病性及其产量变化。【结果】与常规施肥相比,不同生物有机肥配施化肥提高了苗期和盛花期大豆的地上部干物质、根干重和根瘤数,干物质提高幅度为5.31%~12.86%,根干重提高幅度为10.35%~20.24%,根瘤数提高幅度为12.34%~37.50%,差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05);不同生物有机肥配施化肥显著降低了苗期根腐病发病率和病情指数;显著提高大豆的株高、株荚数、株粒数及提高百粒重,提高大豆产量,2019~2020年产量提高幅度分别为7.25%~8.67%和6.50%~8.82%,与对照相比差异均达显著水平(P<0.05);与对照相比,不同生物有机肥配施化肥处理均提高了大豆的产值和效益值,效益值最高增加1 066.16元/hm²。【结论】生物有机肥配施化肥能够促进大豆植株生长,降低病害,提高产量,提高经济效益。

关键词: 大豆; 生物有机肥; 植株性状; 根腐病; 产量; 效益

Abstract:

【Objective】 To clarify the effects of different bio-organic fertilizers application combined with conventional fertilization on traits, yield and economic benefit of soybean plant.【Methods】 Dry matter, root nodule, disease resistance and yield were studied by plots field experiment in which different bio-organic fertilizers combined with conventional fertilization were determined.【Results】 Compared with conventional fertilization, aboveground dry matter, root dry weight and nodule number of soybean increased in different bio-organic fertilizer application treatments at seedling and full flowering stages by 5.31%-12.86%, 10.35%-20.24% and 12.34%-37.50%, respectively (P<0.05).Incidence rate and disease index of root rot were reduced significantly at the seedling stage in bio-organic fertilizer application treatment.Meanwhile, plant height, pod number per plant, grain number per plant and 100-grain weight of soybean were remarkably increased, which led to an improvement of soybean yield.The yields in 2019 and 2020 were lifted by 7.25%-8.67% and 6.50%-8.82%, respectively (P<0.05).Output and benefit of soybean were raised by applying bio-organic fertilizers combined with conventional fertilization compared with the control and the highest benefit addition value was 1,066.16 yuan/hm².【Conclusion】 By applying bio-organic fertilizers combined with conventional fertilization, the growth of soybean is promoted, diseases are reduced, yield is promoted and economic benefit is increased.

Key words: soybean; bio-organic fertilizer; plant traits; root rot; yield; benefit

中图分类号:

S144

朱宝国, 匡恩俊, 滕占林, 孟庆英, 王囡囡, 冯浩原, 邱磊, 高雪冬, 张春峰. 不同生物有机肥配施化肥对大豆植株生长、抗病及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(5): 1127-1133.

ZHU Baoguo, KUANG Enjun, TENG Zhanglin, MENG Qingying, WANG Nannan, FENG Haoyuan, QIU Lei, GAO Xuedong, ZHANG Chunfeng. Effects of different bio-organic fertilizers application combined with conventional fertilization on growth, disease resistance and yield of soybean[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(5): 1127-1133.

图/表 6

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处理 Treatment	地上干重 Dry matter accumulation per plant(g)	根干重 Root dry weight per plant(g)	根瘤干重 Nodule dry weight per plant(g)	根瘤个数 Number of root nodule per plant	根腐病发病率 Incidence rate of root rot (%)	病情指数 Disease index (%)
T₁	1.07±0.03^b	0.20±0.02^b	0.02±0.01^b	12.56±0.42^b	58.87±3.50^b	33.83±2.60^b
T₂	1.16±0.02^a	0.23±0.02^a	0.03±0.01^a	14.67±0.44^a	52.60±3.24^a	28.27±2.35^a
T₃	1.21±0.03^a	0.24±0.02^a	0.04±0.01^a	15.92±0.45^a	51.07±3.27^a	27.83±3.53^a
T₄	1.20±0.03^a	0.22±0.03^a	0.04±0.01^a	15.72±0.43^a	52.40±3.10^a	27.90±3.50^a
T₅	1.19±0.02^a	0.23±0.02^a	0.03±0.01^a	14.11±0.42^a	49.30±3.65^a	27.33±2.12^a

处理 Treatment	地上干重 Dry matter accumulation per plant(g)	根干重 Root dry weight per plant(g)	根瘤干重 Nodule dry weight per plant(g)	根瘤个数 Number of root nodule per plant	根腐病发病率 Incidence rate of root rot (%)	病情指数 Disease index (%)
T₁	1.07±0.03^b	0.20±0.02^b	0.02±0.01^b	12.56±0.42^b	58.87±3.50^b	33.83±2.60^b
T₂	1.16±0.02^a	0.23±0.02^a	0.03±0.01^a	14.67±0.44^a	52.60±3.24^a	28.27±2.35^a
T₃	1.21±0.03^a	0.24±0.02^a	0.04±0.01^a	15.92±0.45^a	51.07±3.27^a	27.83±3.53^a
T₄	1.20±0.03^a	0.22±0.03^a	0.04±0.01^a	15.72±0.43^a	52.40±3.10^a	27.90±3.50^a
T₅	1.19±0.02^a	0.23±0.02^a	0.03±0.01^a	14.11±0.42^a	49.30±3.65^a	27.33±2.12^a

处理 Treatment	地上干物质 Dry matter accumulation per plant(g)	根干重 Root dry weight per plant(g)	根瘤干重 Nodule dry weight per plant(g)	根瘤个数 Number of root nodule per plant
T₁	5.27±0.15^b	0.78±0.02^b	0.12±0.02^b	19.20±0.62^cB
T₂	5.73±0.15^a	0.88±0.04^a	0.17±0.03^a	25.60±0.83^aA
T₃	5.79±0.17^a	0.89±0.06^a	0.18±0.03^a	26.40±0.75^aA
T₄	5.75±0.13^a	0.86±0.06^a	0.15±0.02^a	23.20±0.65^abA
T₅	5.72±0.14^a	0.87±0.05^a	0.14±0.02^ab	21.60±0.54^bB

处理 Treatment	地上干物质 Dry matter accumulation per plant(g)	根干重 Root dry weight per plant(g)	根瘤干重 Nodule dry weight per plant(g)	根瘤个数 Number of root nodule per plant
T₁	5.27±0.15^b	0.78±0.02^b	0.12±0.02^b	19.20±0.62^cB
T₂	5.73±0.15^a	0.88±0.04^a	0.17±0.03^a	25.60±0.83^aA
T₃	5.79±0.17^a	0.89±0.06^a	0.18±0.03^a	26.40±0.75^aA
T₄	5.75±0.13^a	0.86±0.06^a	0.15±0.02^a	23.20±0.65^abA
T₅	5.72±0.14^a	0.87±0.05^a	0.14±0.02^ab	21.60±0.54^bB

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	单株荚数 Valid pod per plant	单株粒数 Grain number per plant	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	增产 Yield increase rate(%)
T₁	98.42±2.12^bB	33.14±1.87^bB	68.43±1.58^bB	22.19±0.19^a	2 358.21±16.21^bB	—
T₂	106.56±2.27^aA	36.57±2.01^aA	73.29±1.74^aA	23.69±0.25^a	2 538.77±20.17^aA	7.11
T₃	107.25±2.65^aA	38.77±2.23^aA	75.45±1.83^aA	23.78±0.23^a	2 562.72±22.36^aA	8.67
T₄	105.73±2.48^aA	36.80±1.98^aA	72.73±1.76^aA	23.59±0.26^a	2 529.18±21.14^aA	7.25
T₅	106.32±2.23^aA	37.13±1.94^aA	73.41±1.85^aA	23.70±0.23^a	2 542.53±20.23^aA	7.82

不同生物有机肥配施化肥对大豆植株生长、抗病及产量的影响

Effects of different bio-organic fertilizers application combined with conventional fertilization on growth, disease resistance and yield of soybean

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参考文献 22

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Metrics

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	单株荚数 Valid pod per plant	单株粒数 Seed number per plant	百粒重 100-seed weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	增产 Yield increase rate(%)
T₁	97.67±2.53^bB	32.22±1.91^bB	78.43±2.17^bB	18.19±0.06^a	2 258.47±19.88^bB	—
T₂	101.63±1.96^aA	37.57±2.10^aA	83.29±1.98^aA	18.69±0.31^a	2 446.77±23.09^aA	8.34
T₃	103.30±3.26^aA	41.77±2.25^aA	85.45±1.94^aA	18.78±0.13^a	2 457.72±28.04^aA	8.82
T₄	102.33±2.95^aA	35.80±1.90^aA	82.73±1.80^aA	18.59±0.36^a	2 405.18±26.15^aA	6.50
T₅	101.37±2.40^aA	38.13±1.86^aA	83.41±2.68^aA	18.70±0.43^a	2 438.98±28.17^aA	7.99

处理 Treatments	肥料成本 Cost of fertilizer				大豆产值 Soybean production value		效益值 (元/hm²) Benefit value (yuan/hm²)
处理 Treatments	生物肥用量 Dosage of bio-fertilizer (kg/hm²)	生物肥成本 (元/hm²)Cost of bio-fertilizer (yuan/hm²)	化肥成本 (元/hm²) Cost of chemical fertilizer (yuan/hm²)	肥料成本总和 (元/hm²) Total cost of fertilizer (yuan/hm²)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	产值 (元/hm²) Production value (yuan/hm²)	效益值 (元/hm²) Benefit value (yuan/hm²)
T₁	—	—	885	885	2 358.21	13 677.62	12 792.62
T₂	30	120	885	1 005	2 538.77	14 724.87	13 719.87
T₃	30	120	885	1 005	2 562.72	14 863.78	13 858.78
T₄	30	120	885	1 005	2 529.18	14 669.24	13 664.24
T₅	30	135	885	1 020	2 542.53	14 746.67	13 726.67

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